ROBERT  ERNEST  COWAN 


HISTORY  OF  THE 
BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


S.  D.  WATERMAN 


\N     <      \k'l.()S     170t> 


i/iii 


ROBERT  ERNEST  COWAN 


"Westward  the  course  of  empire  takes  Its  way, 
^b*  first  four  acts  already  f>ass&b, 
^l)e  flftl)  shall  close  tlje  drama  wltl)  tl)e  day. 
dime's  noblest  offspring  Is  tl)e  last." 

— 'Bishop  'Berkeley 


History  of  the  Berkeley  Schools 


By 
S.  D.  Waterman 


An  account  of  the  School  System  of  Berkeley  from 
its  establishment  to  date,  with  a  detailed  presenta- 
tion of  the  special  features  in   the   various  schools 


Berkeley,  California 
19   18 


Cop)Tight   1918 
Bv  S.  D.   Waterman 


Printed   By 

Shr  |Irafp0fiianal  ^rraa 

Brrkriev,    California 


2)3S    ■  J 


CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  PAGE 

I     Historical  Sketch 7 

II     The  First  Board  of  Education 11 

III  Rented    Rooms 16 

IV  The  Berkeley  High  School 18 

V      The   Superintendents 44 

VI      The  Berkeley  School  Board 47 

VII     Bonds  and  Special  Tax 50 

VIII     Music    54 

IX     Drawing  58 

X     Manual    Training 60 

XI     High  School  Buildings 63 

XII     McKinley    School 64 

XIII     Frances  E.  Willard  School 69 

>         XIV     Washington  School 72 

!           XV     Edison   School 77 

Z         XVI     Franklin   School 79 

:        XVII     Luther  Burbank  School 81 

:      XVIII     Whittier   School 83 

3          XIX     Garfield   School 85 

e           XX     Lincoln   School 87 

I         XXI     Le  Conte  School 90 

3        XXII     Oxford  School 92 

*      XXIII     Jefferson    School 95 

XXIV     John  Muir  School 98 

XXV     Hillside  School 99 

XXVI     Hawthorne   School 100 

XXVII     Columbus   School 104 

XXVIII     Emerson  School 105 

XXIX     Longfellow    School 106 

XXX     Seventh  Street  School 108 

XXXI     Night   Schools 110 

XXXII     School  Gardens 115 

XXXIII  Miscellaneous     117 

XXXIV  Our   Flag 123 

XXXV     The  Carnegie  Library 125 

XXXVI     Names  of  Teachers 132 

XXXVII     Berkeley  High  School  War  Record 139 

XXXVIII     Berkeley  High  School  Graduates 142 


28G'?35 


FOREWORD 

I  have  not  written  this  sketch  of  the  Berkeley  schools  expect- 
inR  any  jrreat  financial  returns,  but  with  the  hope  that  it  may  be 
of  interest  to  those  who  are  now  in  the  department,  and  that  it 
may  be  of  value  later  as  a  source  of  information  about  the 
^rrowth  and  development  of  the  school  system  of  which  we  are  so 
justly  proud. 

The  task  of  writing  the  history  since  the  incorporation  of  the 
town  in  1878  has  been  a  simple  one,  as  the  records  of  the  Board 
of  Education  and  the  files  of  the  daily  papers  have  been  available. 

It  has  not  been  so  easy  to  secure  data  for  the  period  preceding 
the  incorporation.  The  statements  are  sometimes  incomplete,  but 
as  far  as  they  are  given  they  are  reliable.  Among  those  who 
have  given  information  about  the  schools  of  this  early  period,  I 
must  mention  especially,  Mrs.  Emma  S.  Wilkes,  Mrs.  Adelaide 
Marquand.  Mr.  Charles  McClain,  Mr.  A.  H.  Broad  and  Mr.  Thomas 
Hann. 

I  have  made  use  of  one  or  two  short  quotations  from  Prof. 
Jones'  History  of  the  University  of  California  for  which  due 
credit  has  been  given. 

If  the  public  derive  as  much  pleasure  from  the  reading  of  this 
history  as  the  author  has  derived  from  the  writing  of  it,  he  will 
feet  amply  repaid. 

S.  D.  WATERMAN 


HISTORY  OF 
THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  I 
HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

In  1820,  the  last  Spanish  governor  of  California,  who  was 
likewise  the  first  Mexican  governor,  conferred  San  Antonio  Rancho 
upon  Don  Luis  Peralta  and,  in  1842,  Don  Luis  divided  this  into 
four  equal  parts,  giving  one  part  to  each  of  his  four  sons.  The 
portion  extending  from  Temescal  Creek  to  the  present  Contra 
Costa  line  fell  to  his  son  Jose. 

The  earliest  American  settlers  upon  this  tract  came  in  1852 
when  F.  K.  Shattuck,  Geo.  M.  Blake  and  William  Hillegass  ac- 
quired a  part  of  it  by  purchase  and  commenced  farming  on  quite 
an  extensive  scale  on  land  included  in  the  present  site  of  Berkeley. 
Alameda  County  was  organized  in  1853  from  parts  of  Contra 
Costa  and  Santa  Clara  Counties. 

The  present  site  of  the  University  was  selected  by  Henry  D. 
Durant  in  1858,  and  in  1860,  the  trustees  decided  that  this  should 
be  the  permanent  site.  Mention  is  made  of  this,  because  the 
location  of  the  University  and  its  growth  have  made  the  city  of 
Berkeley  what  it  is.  Many  people  have  chosen  this  city  for  their 
homes  in  order  to  have,  for  their  children,  the  advantages  offered 
by  the  University,  without  any  great  expense. 

The  first  settlement  was  at  Ocean  View,  or  West  Berkeley,  and 
the  center  of  business  and  population  was  at  the  corner  of  Uni- 
versity and  San  Pablo  Avenues.  It  would  doubtless  have  re- 
mained in  that  vicinity  but  for  the  influence  of  the  University. 

The  name,  Berkeley,  was  suggested  by  Mr.  Frederic  Billings, 
one  of  the  trustees.  After  quoting  the  well  known  lines  of 
Bishop  Berkeley, — 


8  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

"Westward  the  course  of  empire  takes  its  way, 
The  tirst  four  acts  already  passed, 
The  fifth  shall  close  the  drama  with  the  day, 
Time's  noblest  offspring  is  the  last." 

he  supKested  the  name,  Berkeley,  for  the  new  settlement.  This 
Butrv't'stion  was  taken  by  his  associates  and  several  years  later 
when  the  town  was  incorporated,  this  name  was  given  to  it. 

Previous  to  the  establishment  of  the  University  site,  San  Pablo 
Avenue,  running  north  and  south,  was  the  only  road  leading  to 
Oakland,  while  University  Avenue  was  the  only  street  running 
east  and  west.  Between  San  Pablo  Avenue  and  the  Bay  the 
strafTKling  settlement  of  Ocean  View  sprang  up  and  after  the 
overland  railroad  was  completed  in  1869,  grew  quite  rapidly. 
These  two  settlements  were  united  and  incorporated  as  the  "Town 
of  Berkeley"  in  1878.  Previous  to  this  time,  Berkeley  proper  was 
a  small  scattered  settlement.  There  were  a  few  houses  on  what  is 
now  known  as  Telegiaph  Avenue,  then  known  as  Choate  Street, 
near  the  entrance  to  the  University  Campus,  at  the  end  of  the 
"Dinky"  car  line.  There  was  a  small  settlement  in  the  vicinity  of 
Berkeley  Station  and  a  few  scattered  residences  were  found  here 
and  there.  The  principal  settlement  at  the  time  of  incorporation 
was  at  Ocean  View. 

"We  were  a  long  way  from  San  Francisco.  We  had  either  to 
follow  the  pace  of  a  bob-tailed  car  to  Oakland — a  trip  of  over 
an  hour — and  thence  to  the  city,  or  else  take  an  omnibus  which 
had  the  unpleasant  habit  of  capsizing  and  breaking  collar  bones 
and  arms.  The  destination  of  this  omnibus  was  the  ferry  at 
Ocean  View,  or  Jacob's  Landing, — otherwise  West  Berkeley. 
From  thi.s  point  we  embarked  upon  a  steamer  that  was  very  un- 
certain as  to  the  time  of  starting  and  still  more  uncertain  as  to 
the  time  of  arriving." 

Later,  our  communication  with  Oakland  was  greatly  improved 
in  two  ways.  One  of  these  was  by  the  way  of  Golden  Gate  by 
Southern  Pacific  steam  car, — thence  on  San  Pablo  Avenue  by 
honie  car  to  Fortieth  Street,  and  thence  by  cable  car  to  Seventh 
and  Broadway,  Oakland.  The  other  route  was  by  a  steam  "Dinky" 
from  the  University  grounds  to  Temescal  at  Forty-eighth  Street, 
and  thence  by  horse  car  to  Oakland.  The  trip  by  either  of  these 
two  rout«8  consumed  fully  an  hour.     Close  connection  was  made 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  9 

at  Seventh  and  Broadway  with  the  local  trains  for  San  Francisco. 

The  regular  local  trains  to  Berkeley  and  Ocean  View  afforded 
occasional  means  of  reaching  the  city.  Compared  with  the  ex- 
cellent transportation  facilities  of  today,  these  earlier  modes  of 
communication  seem  primitive  indeed. 

The  Overland  trains  first  came  to  San  Francisco  via  Niles  and 
the  Livermore  Valley  in  1869.  Several  years  later,  the  route 
via  Tracy  and  Martinez  was  established, — the  Valley  Road  was 
completed,  the  Benicia  line  to  Sacramento  was  opened  and  West 
Berkeley  began  to  grow  and  show  signs  of  becoming  later  the 
manufacturing  center  of  the  town. 

Previous  to  the  incorporation  of  the  town,  there  were  schools 
in  Ocean  View  and  also  in  East  Berkeley,  the  school  in  Ocean 
View  having  been  the  first  organized.  The  following  sketch, 
though  brief,  seems  to  be  correct  as  far  as  it  goes: 

A  small  wooden  building  was  erected  on  or  near  the  corner 
of  San  Pablo  Avenue  and  Virginia  Street  on  land  owned  by  Mr. 
Patrick  Rooney.  Later,  Mr.  Rooney  deeded  the  land  to  the  town 
"to  be  used  for  school  purposes."  The  school  was  known  as  the 
"Ocean  View  School."  People  living  in  the  outlying  districts 
sent  their  children  to  this  school  and  soon  the  little  building  gave 
way  to  a  larger  one  and  Mr.  S.  A.  Penwell,  afterwards  Justice 
Penwell,  took  charge.  Mr.  M.  M.  Oilman  succeeded  Mr.  Penwell 
and  during  his  term  a  good  school  library  was  established.  The 
school  soon  became  so  large  that  several  assistants  were  needed. 
When  Berkeley  was  incorporated  the  "Ocean  View  School"  be- 
came known  as  the  "San  Pablo  Avenue  School." 

In  1877,  Miss  Ella  J.  Bynon,  sister  of  Mrs.  Adelaide  Marquand, 
and  now  assistant  superintendent  of  the  public  schools  in  Port- 
land, Oregon,  opened  a  primary  school  for  the  smaller  childi;en, 
on  Sixth  Street,  near  Delaware.  As  the  San  Pablo  Avenue  school 
was  too  far  away  for  these  little  children  to  attend,  this  private 
school  was  a  success  from  the  start. 

The  fii'st  school  in  East  Berkeley  was  a  private  school  at  the 
corner  of  University  and  Shattuck  Avenues.  The  establishing  of 
this  school  was  largely  due  to  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Jos.  McClain,  re- 
cently deceased.  Mr.  MacArthur  was  the  first  teacher,  in  1872 
or  1873,  and  the  children  who  had  been  attending  the  "Ocean 
View  School"  were  enabled  to  attend  a  school  nearer  home. 

The  first  Public   School  in  East  Berkeley  was  opened  at  the 


10  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

corner  of  Berkeley  Way  and  Shattuck  Avenue,  under  Clapp's  Hall. 
This  school  was  soon  afterwards  moved  to  the  west  side  of 
Shattuck  Avenue  next  to  McClain's  grocery  store  on  the  lot 
where  the  Francis  Shattuck  building  now  stands.  McClain's  store 
wa«  on  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Addison  Street  and  the  school  room 
wms  next  to  it.  .\t  first,  Mr.  Fuller  taught  the  entire  school,  but 
during  two  years  prior  to  the  incorporation  of  the  town,  he  had 
»*veral  assistants.  The  school  was  continued  in  the  same  locality 
until  the  completion  of  the  Kellogg  School  building  in  December, 
1879.  The  new  building  was  occupied  at  the  opening  of  the  term 
in  January,  1880. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  11 


CHAPTER   II 
THE  FIRST  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 

A  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  first  Board  of  Education  of 
the  Town  of  Berkeley  was  held  May  28,  1878,  in  the  Town  Hall 
on  Shattuck  Avenue,  near  Addison  Street.  The  meeting  was 
called  to  order  by  Prof.  W.  B.  Rising.  The  following  named  di- 
rectors were  present:  Bruns,  Dale,  Kellogg,  Johnson,  and  Rising. 
Director  Starr  was  absent.  Director  Henry  Bruns  filed  his  cer- 
tificate of  election  as  follows: 
U.  S.  of  America,  1 

State   of  California,  1-    ss. 

County  of  Alameda.  J 

I,  Stephen  G.  Nye,  County  Judge  for  the  County  of  Alameda 

in  the  State  of  California,  do  hereby  certify  that,  at  an  election 

held  in  and  for  the  Town  of  Berkeley  in  said  County  of  Alameda 

on  the  13th  day  of  May,  A.  D.  1878,  Henry  Bruns  was  duly  elected 

to  the  office  of  School  Director  of  said  town  as  appears  upon  the 

official  returns  of  said  election  and  the  statement  of  votes  cast 

now  on  file  in  my  office.     In  witness  whereof  I  hereunto  affix  my 

hand  this  17th  day  of  May,  1878. 

STEPHEN  G.  NYE, 

County  Judge. 

State  of  California,     I 

r  ss. 
County  of  Alameda,  j 

I  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  will  support  the  Constitution  of  the 

United    States    and    the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  California, 

and  that  I  will  faithfully  discharge  the  duties  of  school  director  of 

the  Town  of  Berkeley  to  the  best  of  my  ability. 

HENRY  BRUNS. 

STEPHEN  G.  NYE, 

County  Judge, 

Witness. 

Martin  Dale,  William  H.  Johnson,  Martin  Kellogg,  M.  B.  Starr, 

and  W.  B.  Rising  each  filed  a  like  certificate. 


12  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

The  Board  or-anized  by  electing  Martin  Kellogg  President, 
and  W  H  Johnson  President  pro  tern.  E.  L.  Wright  was  ap- 
pointed   Secretary.     Prof.    Kellogg  held   the    office    of   President 

until  1884.  ^  ,^       ^^^, 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  held  on  the  evening  of  May  20th, 
1884,  the  following  preamble  and  resolution  were  unanimously 
adopted : 

"Whereas.  By  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office,  Professor 
Martin  Kellogg  is  about  to  retire  from  the  Board  of  which  he  has 
been  a  member  since  its  organization,  and  for  many  years  its  Pres- 
ident ;  and, 

"Whereas,  His  associates  wish  to  place  upon  record  their  ap- 
preciation of  his  uniform  courtesy  toward  his  fellow-members;  of 
his  wise  counsel  and  his  untiring,  unselfish  fidelity  in  the  discharge 
of  his  official  duties,  which  have  contributed  so  largely  to  the  per- 
fect organization  and  present  efficiency  of  the  schools; 

"Resolved,  That  we  express  to  Professor  Kellogg,  for  our- 
selves and  in  the  name  of  the  teachers  and  pupils  of  our  schools 
and  the  citizens  of  the  Town  of  Berkeley,  our  profound  regret  at 
this  loss  to  the  interests  committed  to  our  charge." 

The  first  and  third  Tuesdays  at  8  p.  m.  were  fixed  as  the  time 
for  meeting.  The  place  of  meeting  varied.  At  first  it  was  in 
the  Town  Hall  on  Shattuck  Avenue  and  then  for  six  months  in 
East  and  West  Berkeley  alternately.  Finally,  when  the  Town 
Hall  on  University  Avenue  and  Sacramento  Street  was  completed, 
the  place  of  meeting  was  fixed  permanently  in  the  Town  Hall. 

Mr.  Oilman  was  elected  Principal  of  the  West  Berkeley  School 
and  Mr.  A.  L.  Fuller,  Principal  of  the  East  Berkeley  or  Shattuck 
Avenue  School.  As  has  already  been  stated,  this  school  was  held 
at  first  in  the  basement  story  of  Clapp's  Hall,  corner  of  Berkeley 
Way  and  Shattuck,  and  afterwards  in  rooms  on  the  west  side  of 
Shattuck  Avenue,  second  door  south  of  Addison  Street.  On 
July  2nd,  1878,  the  first  steps  were  taken  for  securing  a  lot  for 
achool  purposes  in  East  Berkeley.  Lots  8,  9,  10,  11  and  12  on 
the  south  side  of  Center  Street  between  Oxford  and  Shattuck  as 
offered  by  Camall  and  Eyre  were  ordered  bought  if  possible,  and 
the  President  of  the  Board  was  authorized  to  secure  the  refusal 
of  these  lots  at  a  price  not  to  exceed  $2800.  At  a  regular  meet- 
Inif  of  the  Board  held  on  January  7,  1879,  these  lots  were  ordered 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  13 

purchased.     Later,  the  land  through  to  Allston  Way  was  added 
to  the  tract  already  described. 

Strawberry  Creek  at  this  time  ran  down  Allston  Way  from 
Fulton  Street  across  Shattuck  Avenue.  The  railroad  crossed  the 
creek  by  means  of  a  trestle  on  the  east  side  of  Shattuck,  and  there 
was  a  bridge  and  a  walk  for  ordinary  travel  on  the  west  side. 
The  creek  crossed  Oxford  Street  near  Center  and  cut  diagonally 
across  to  the  corner  of  Fulton  and  Allston.  The  channel  of  the 
creek  was  in  the  middle  of  the  street  and  there  was  a  raised  walk 
for  "foot  travelers"  on  the  south  side  of  Allston. 

When  the  Town  Trustees  completed  the  culvert  for  carrying 
the  water  of  the  creek,  the  school  lot  had  a  double  frontage — 
Center  Street  and  Allston  Way. 

When  the  school  lot  was  purchased  there  were  but  three  houses 
on  the  block; — one,  owned  by  Dr.  J.  S.  Eastman  as  a  residence, 
since  moved  to  an  Oxford  frontage, — a  cottage  toward  Shattuck 
Avenue  owned  and  occupied  as  a  residence  by  John  Boyd,  known 
as  the  "Boss  Baggage  Buster  of  Beautiful  Berkeley," — and  a 
small  building  occupied  by  Mikkelsen  and  Berry  as  a  tailoring 
establishment.      An  apple  orchard  covered  the  rest  of  the  block. 

On  May  20th,  1879,  Messrs.  Bunce,  Byxbee,  Dornin,  Palmer, 
Johnson  and  Kellogg  presented  their  credentials  as  new  members 
of  the  Board  and  they  qualified  by  taking  the  oath  of  office.  Mr. 
P.  Munroe  was  elected  the  first  census  marshal  under  the  law. 

On  June  3rd,  1879,  the  Finance  Committee,  in  accordance  with 
previous  insti-uctions,  made  the  following  report  of  the  approxi- 
mate value  of  the  school  property: 

Real  Estate $4050 

Buildings  2250 

Furniture  1254 

Even  at  this  early  day  the  idea  of  having  a  special  teacher  of 
vocal  music  was  entertained,  and  Mr.  G.  C.  Starr  proposed  to 
teach  the  Science  of  Music  for  $30  per  month. 

The  Committee  on  School  Houses  and  Sites  were  authorized 
to  ask  for  plans  and  specifications  for  the  erection  of  a  two-story 
three-room  building  upon  the  lots  recently  purchased,  "the  plans 
to  be  of  such  a  nature  as  to  permit  the  addition  of  other  rooms 
as  needed."  On  January  29th,  1879,  the  plans  of  Samuel  and 
J.  C.  Newsom  were  adopted,  and  after  due  formality  in  advertising 
for  bids  the  contract  was  let  to  Mr.  George  Embury  for  $3365. 


14  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

\s  there  was  no  money  available  for  immediate  use,  Messrs.  J.  L. 
Barker.  H.  Bartlett,  G.  D.  Dornin,  H.  A.  Palmer  and  F.  K.  Shattuck 
a^eed  to  furnish  the  money  as  a  loan.  When  the  building  was 
completed,  it  was  named  "The  Kellogg  Grammar  School."  It  was 
occupied  for  school  purposes  December  11th,  1879.  This  was 
considered  an  event  of  so  great  importance  that  the  Berkeley 
Advocate  of  December  18th,  1879,  devoted  a  column  to  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  building  and  an  account  of  the  steps  leading  to  its 
erection. 

Mr.  Fuller  was  retained  as  Principal  until  June,  1880.  When 
ho  resigned,  Mr.  W.  W.  Anderson  was  chosen  in  his  place.  At 
the  same  time  Mr.  Horton  was  made  Principal  of  the  San  Pablo 
School.  During  the  illness  and  absence  of  Mr.  Horton,  Mr.  H.  A. 
Nelson  and  Mr.  Clement  took  his  place. 

Mr.  Anderson  remained  until  1884,  when  he  resigned  and  the 
Board  elected  Mr.  Henry  Veghte  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

The  following  from  the  annual  report  of  Mr.  Berryman,  Pres- 
ident of  the  Board  of  Education,  is  given  to  show  that  the  demand 
for  additional  room  is  nothing  new.  The  same  questions  are  to 
be  solved  every  year: 

PRESIDENT'S  REPORT. 

"In  reviewing  the  business  of  the  past  year  ending  May  19th, 
1885,  I  wish  in  the  first  place  to  impress  upon  your  minds  the 
necessity  of  considering  at  once  the  most  important  measure  of 
furnishing  accommodations  for  a  rapidly  increasing  number  of 
children.  The  school  census  shows  that  we  have  817  children 
between  the  ages  of  5  and  17  yeai's,  and  we  have  accommodations 
for  230  at  the  San  Pablo  Avenue  School  and  264  at  the  Kellogg, 
leaving  323  for  whom  provision  must  be  made. 

"The  Board  will  perceive  from  the  financial  statement  here- 
with submitted  that  the  funds  on  hand  are  barely  sufficient  for 
meeting  the  demands  against  us  to  August  1st,  and  it  is  the  im- 
perative duty  of  this  Board  to  make  provision  for  the  expenses 
that  will  accrue  until  the  town  taxes  are  paid." 

In  order  to  meet  the  first  part  of  this  report,  steps  were  taken 
to  provide,  at  once,  additional  rooms  in  North  Berkeley. 

In  June,  ISBf),  Directors  Jones,  Burr,  Andrews  and  Heyward 
were  appointed  with  power  to  act.  They  were  to  receive  pro- 
posals from   property  holders  to  build  a  school  house  in  North 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  15 

Berkeley  and  to  rent  the  same  to  the  town.  Mr.  Berryman  built 
the  house  and  aftei-wards  sold  it  to  Mr.  Banister.  This  house 
was  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Rose  and  Milvia  Streets,  and  was 
opened  for  school  purposes  with  two  classes  in  1886,  with  Miss 
Juliet  Lumbard  and  Mrs.  N.  M.  Norman  as  teachers. 

Some  of  our  very  best  teachers  served  an  apprenticeship  in  this 
little  building.  Among  these  may  be  named  Misses  Lumbard, 
Woodall,  Cotrel,  Barrows,  Hartley,  Bryant,  Mrs.  Potwin  and 
others. 

In  1897  the  building  was  purchased  and  moved  from  the  old 
site  to  a  lot  on  the  east  side  of  Milvia  Street  between  Rose  and 
Berryman  Streets.  It  was  raised  and  changed  to  a  three-room 
building  and  in  1905  it  was  sold  and  converted  into  an  apartment 
house. 

In  1891  the  entire  Eighth  grade  of  East  Berkeley  used  a  room 
in  this  building  under  the  able  management  of  Miss  Lumbard. 
This  class,  with  its  teacher,  was  afterwards  moved  to  a  rented 
room  on  the  north  side  of  Center  Street  over  Aitken's  art  store. 
This  condition  held  until  the  completion  of  the  Whittier  School 
building  in  1892.  Miss  Lumbard's  class  was  transferred  to  the 
Whittier,  and  she  became  the  first  principal.  The  growth  north 
of  Center  Street  was  very  rapid  for  several  years.  It  became 
necessary  to  provide  rooms  for  a  class  or  two  elsewhere. 

At  this  time  no  charge  for  fare  between  Vine  Street  and 
Dwight  Way  was  made  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  As  an 
unoccupied  room  in  the  LeConte  School  building  was  available,  a 
class  was  transferred  from  the  Northern  to  the  Southern  district, 
taking  the  8:30  A.  M.  train  to  Dwight  Way,  and  the  2:40  P.  M. 
train  from  Dwight  Way  north.  The  school  session  for  this  class 
began  at  8:45  A.  M.  and  closed  at  2:30  P.  M. 


16  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER   III 
RENTED  ROOMS 

At  different  times  since  1890,  it  has  been  found  necessary  to 
make  use  of  rented  rooms  to  accommodate  the  ever  increasing 
number  of  pupils.  It  is  true  that  these  rooms,  or  the  most  of 
them,  furnished  shelter  from  the  winds  and  rain,  but  they  were 
in  no  way  suited  to  school  purposes.  Vacant  lots  and  the  public 
streets  were  used  for  playgrounds  and  the  sanitary  conditions 
were  in  most  cases  fierce. 

Unless  one  has  had  experience  with  an  environment  of  this 
kind  he  cannot  fully  appreciate  the   difficulties  to  be   overcome. 

These  conditions  were  a  serious  handicap  for  years,  but  they 
have  been  remedied  by  degrees  by  the  erection  of  new  buildings 
and  by  making  additions  to  the  old.  At  the  present  time  (1917) 
the  number  of  rented  rooms  is  small.  The  following  is  only  a 
partial  list  of  rooms  rented  during  the  years  that  have  passed: 

On  the  11th  day  of  August,  1891,  the  Committee  on  School 
Houses  and  Sites  reported  that  they  had  rented  from  Mr.  Peter 
Maloney  a  room  at  the  corner  of  Channing  and  Shattuck  for  $30 
a  month,  with  the  refusal  for  another  room  adjoining  for  $50  a 
month  for  the  two.  The  second  room  was  needed  soon  after  and 
the  principal,  assisted  by  Bob  Cuthbert,  the  janitor,  spent  Saturday 
afternoon  and  the  greater  part  of  Sunday  in  preparing  the  room 
for  occupancy.  Blackboards  were  not  available  on  such  short 
notice  and  Hyloplate  was  not  yet  on  the  market,  so  as  a  substitute 
very  thick  Manila  paper  of  the  proper  width  was  fastened  to  the 
walls  and  after  receiving  two  thorough  coats  of  Liquid  Slating 
and  after  drying  for  a  day  or  two  the  Blackboard  (?)  was  ready 
for  use.  These  two  rooms  were  retained  for  several  years  and 
were  known  as  "Maloney's  Seminary." 

Four  small  rooms  on  Dwight  Way  were  rented  from  Mrs. 
Calhoun.  The  teacher  here  surely  had  "to  look  around  the  cor- 
ner." There  wa.s  a  front  hall,  a  front  parlor,  a  back  parlor  and 
■  dining  room  connected  at  various  angles  and  the  teacher's  desk 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  17 

was  situated  so  as  to  command  all  of  these  angular  situations.  If 
you  do  not  think  that  the  teacher  here  had  a  picnic,  ask  Miss 
Bergen,  who  is  still  doing  valiant  service  for  the  children  of 
Berkeley.  Then  there  were  two  rooms  at  the  corner  of  Blake  and 
Shattuck  in  what  was  then  known  as  the  "Simrak  Block,"  also 
one  room  in  Odd  Fellows'  Hall.  The  Simrak  building  still  re- 
mains just  as  it  appeared  twenty  or  more  years  ago,  when  it 
was  rented  by  the  Board.  In  1893  additional  rooms  were  fitted 
up  at  the  corner  of  Vine  and  Shattuck  for  the  use  of  a  primary 
class. 

A  lease  of  the  Berkeley  Gymnasium  which  had  just  been 
vacated  by  Mr.  Bates  after  being  used  for  years  as  a  pi-ivate 
school  was  taken  for  five  months  from  August  1st,  1896,  and  this 
lease  was  afterward  extended  to  a  year.  A  small  building  on 
Ashby  Avenue  near  Adeline  Street  which  had  been  used  for  a 
plumber's  shop,  was  taken  for  school  purposes.  It  was  in  this  little 
building  that  Mrs.  Elliot  began  her  invaluable  work  for  the  chil- 
dren of  Berkeley.  Two  rooms  in  South  Berkeley  Hall  were  taken 
to  relieve  the  pressure  in  the  LeConte  School.  A  room  in  Odd 
Fellows'  building  and  another  in  Clapp's  Hall  were  secured  pending 
the  completion  of  "The  Bancroft  Way  School  Building."  Wilken's 
Hall  has  been  rented  for  several  years  as  an  assembly  hall  for  the 
McKinley  School. 

For  a  year  after  the  earthquake  in  1906  several  rooms  were 
rented  temporarily.     These  will  be  mentioned  in  detail  later. 

In  addition  to  these  that  have  been  mentioned,  on  account  of 
the  failure  of  the  Town  Trustees  to  erect  a  building  of  sufficient 
capacity  on  the  Garfield  lot,  it  has  been  found  necessary  within 
two  years  of  the  opening  of  this  school  to  move  two  bungalows 
from  the  Whittier  School  lot,  and  now  in  the  middle  of  the  fall 
term  of  1917  a  room  in  a  nearby  private  home  has  been  fitted  up 
as  a  class  room. 


k 


18  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  IV 
THE  BERKELEY  HIGH  SCHOOL 

The  Hiph  School  is  and  always  has  been  essentially  a  prepara- 
tor>-  school.  For  a  number  of  years  immediately  following  the 
•ccrcditinjr  of  the  school  the  University  practically  controlled  its 
course  of  study  and  general  policy.  The  domination  of  the  Uni- 
versity over  the  High  Schools  of  the  State  reached  its  climax 
during  the  last  years  of  the  late  President  Kellogg's  term. 

As  soon  as  President  Wheeler  took  charge  there  was  a  change 
in  the  relationship  of  the  two  and  for  several  years  there  has  de- 
veloped a  community  of  interest  which  is  very  helpful  to  all  of 
the  schools  of  the  state,  but  especially  the  High  Schools.  The 
change  in  the  method  of  accrediting  and  the  lack  of  the  former 
dictatorial  spirit  have  tended  to  bring  about  the  present  harmoni- 
ous relations. 

The  gro\vth  of  the  High  School  is  out  of  all  proportion  to  the 
increase  in  the  population  of  the  tovra,  but  this  condition  holds 
jfood  in  University  towns  all  over  the  country.  The  grovrth  of 
this  school  may  be  seen  from  the  number  of  graduates  for  several 
years  as  follows: 

1884 4 

1890 14 

1896 72 

1904 118 

1916 305 

1917 507 

The  enrollment  for  different  years  is  as  follows: 

1902 567 

1906 965 

1907 1015 

1908 1077 

In  1910  the  9th  grades  were  taken  from  the  High  School  and 
placed  with  the  7th  and  8th  grades,  forming  four  Intermediate 
schools.     In  1916  the  enrollment  in  the  10th,  11th  and  12th  years 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  19 

was  103G  and  in  the  9th  grades  573,  thus  bringing  the  High  School 
enrollment  under  the  old  classification  up  to  1609.  Even  with 
the  additional  buildings  and  the  additional  equipment  that  have 
been  provided  the  school  has  always  been  handicapped  by  a  lack 
of  adequate  rooms  and  the  essential  means  for  carrying  on  first- 
class  educational  work.  The  9th  grade  class  had  been  transferred 
from  the  Allston  Way  School  to  the  High  School  proper  on  the 
completion  of  the  building  on  Grove  Street  in  1901. 

On  August  5th,  1895,  a  committee  consisting  of  Directors 
Norton,  Robertson  and  Engebretsen  was  appointed  to  communi- 
cate with  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  University,  asking  for  a 
lease,  for  a  term  of  years,  of  a  lot  for  the  use  of  the  High  School, 
this  lot  being  on  the  University  Campus  at  University  and  Oxford. 

At  the  same  meeting  Director  Robertson  advocated  the  em- 
ployment of  a  special  teacher  of  drawing  for  the  pupils  in  the 
High  School,  and  at  a  subsequent  meeting  Prof.  Henry  T.  Ardley 
addressed  the  Board  and  recommended  Miss  Mary  L.  Brehm  for 
the  position.  Miss  Brehm  was  elected  and  in  addition  to  her 
work  in  the  High  School  she  was  to  outline  the  work  for  the 
grades  and  to  hold  weekly  meetings  after  school  hours  for  in- 
structing the  teachers.  A  riot  among  the  teachers  did  not  en- 
sue, but  there  was  severe  criticism  and  an  active  opposition  was 
developed,  but  the  action  of  the  Board  was  sustained  and  carried 
to  a  successful  issue  by  the  "level  headed"  teachers  in  the  depart- 
ment. This  leads  me  to  remark,  that  whenever  teachers  are  dis- 
satisfied with  the  requirements  of  "the  powers  that  be"  a  change 
is  always  desirable. 

In  August,  1895,  the  following  resolution  was  unanimously 
adopted  by  the  Board:  "That  the  Board  of  Town  Trustees  be 
requested  to  take  immediate  steps  for  the  erection  of  a  High 
School  building  of  not  less  than  16  rooms.  (This  building  was  not 
provided  until  1901.) 

In  1896  a  small  building  26  by  42  was  erected  on  the  school 
lot  directly  east  of  the  main  building.  These  rooms  were  for 
the  use  of  the  French  and  German  classes,  but  they  were  used  for 
other  departments  as  the  situation  demanded.  In  1899  the  build- 
ing was  used  by  the  City  Superintendent  of  Schools  for  an  office 
and  storeroom.  In  1890  it  was  moved  to  Allston  Way  next  to  the 
Baptist  Church  at  the  foot  of  Fulton  Street.     It  was  used  for  the 


i 


20  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

Superintendent's  office  until  the  Board  rented  more  commodious 
rooms  at  2171  Shattuck  Avenue.  „,     u-   ^     > 

The  cornerstone  of  the  new  building  was  laid  on  Washington  s 
Birthday  February  22nd,  1901,  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons. 
This  was' a  notable  event  for  Berkeley.  The  City  Superintendent 
of  the  Los  Angeles  schools,  Mr.  Jas.  A.  Foshay,  was  at  that  time 
the  Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master  of  the  Masonic  order.  Durant 
Lodge  No.  2(38,  F.  and  A.  M.,  under  Hon.  W.  H.  Waste,  Worship- 
ful Master,  had  the  management.     The  following  speakers  took 

part: 

For  the  Town  Trustees Capt.  W.  H.  Marston 

For  the  Board  of  Education Prof.  E.  J.  Wickson 

For  the  High  School  Alumni Harry  H.  Johnson 

For  the  Student  Body Will  McCleave 

The  principal  address  was  given  by  President  Wheeler. 
Prof.  Wickson  spoke  in  part  as  follows: 

"The  Board  of  Education  unites  with  the  Town  Trustees  in  ex- 
tending to  the  public  a  cordial  welcome  to  this  very  interesting 
ceremonial.  We  have  been  waiting  for  this  event  for  years.  It 
supplies  a  pressing  need  and  shows  the  proper  municipal  spirit. 
"The  Berkeley  High  School  has  existed  for  twenty  years  with- 
out any  right  except  a  squatter's  claim.  Not  until  this  building 
shall  have  been  completed  will  the  High  School  have  a  roof  to 
which  it  has  a  legal  claim. 

"It  was  a  strong  and  prosperous  school  under  the  old  condi- 
tions because  it  had  the  good  will  and  confidence  of  the  people,  a 
faithful  corps  of  teachers,  and  loyal  and  studious  pupils. 

"Gentlemen  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  on  behalf  of  the  Board 
of  Education,  I  wish  to  announce  publicly  the  debt  of  gratitude 
we  owe  to  you  for  your  faithful  work  in  perfecting  the  plans  which 
will  result  in  establishing  our  'New  High  School.*  'Let  us  pledge 
ourselves  and  our  children  to  provide  adequately  for  its  future.'  " 
In  Shattuck  Hall,  on  Wednesday  evening,  February  22nd,  as 
■  fitting  ending  of  the  day,  Vere  Hunter's  dramatization  of  "King 
Washington,"  entitled  "The  Spy,"  was  given  for  the  benefit  of  the 
iichool  library  fund.  A  well  chosen  cast  of  characters  did  full 
justice  to  Mr.  Hunter's  fine  dramatic  conception. 

On  Thursday  evening,  after  a  varied  program,  the  entertain- 
ment ended  with  the  farce  in  one  act  entitled,  "FOR  THE  FIRST 
TIME,"  with  the  following  all-star  cast: 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  21 

WILFORD  BURTON — "For  the  First  Time"  de- 
fying his  ideals H.  Leo  Dungan 

SYLVIA    GORDON — "For    the    First    Time"    a 

model Miss  Carolyn  Morse 

NINA,  a  little  drudge — "For  the  First  Time"  in 

love Miss  Mary  Kennedy 

MRS.  DE  SOTO  BEANS,  a  wealthy  but  eccentric 
widow — "For  the  First  Time"  domineered.... 

Miss   Virginia  Pierce 

FRED     TORRINGTON,     an     actor — "For     the 

First"  and  last  time  utterly  fooled 

Mr.  Chas.  T.  Dozier 

The  school  library  profited  from  these  entertainments.  At 
last  the  new  building  was  ready  for  use.  It  was  dedicated  and 
formally  received  by  the  Board  of  Education  on  October  26th, 
1901.  The  program  at  the  exercises  of  dedication  was  as  fol- 
lows: 

Invocation Rev.  R.  L.  Halsey 

Music  Orchestra 

Address  of  Welcome Principal  M.  C.  James 

Vocal  Trio — Mrs.  Thos.  Rickard,  Mrs.  Jo  Mills  and 
Louise  McKee 

Address Hon.  T.  J.  Kirk,  State   Superintendent 

Music  Orchestra 

Remarks Prof.  W.  W.  Anderson 

The  first  Principal  of  the  B.  H.  S. 

Soprano  Solo Mrs.  Charles  Mills 

Formal  transfer  of  papers  and  the  keys  of  the 
building  from  the   Board  of  Town   Trustees 

to  the  Board  of  Education 

Capt.  W.  H.  Marston,  Pres.  of  Trustees 

Response J-  R-  Little 

President  of  the  School  Board 

Vocal  Duet Miss  Louise  McKee  and  Mrs.  J.  Mills 

Remarks  on  behalf  of  the  Board  of  Education.... 

Prof.  E.  J.  Wickson 

Music  Orchestra 

Closing  Address City  Supt.  S.  D.  Waterman 

The  cornerstone  of  the  new  High  School  building  on  AUston 
Way  was  laid  by  Durant  Lodge,  No.  268,  F.  and  A.  M.,  on  the 


22  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

24th  day  of  Auirust,  1907.  The  following:  items  referring  to  the 
new  building  ami  taken  from  the  records  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion furnish  official  information  concerning  this  interesting  and 
important  event. 

July  23.   1907 "The  President  stated  that  the  architects  of  the 

new  Hiph  School  had  communicated  with  him  in  regard  to 
laying  the  cornerstone  and  that  it  was  his  opinion  that  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  should  be  asked  to  take  charge  of 
nrranjrements  proper  for  the  occasion.  After  discussion 
Director  Young  moved  that  a  committee  of  three  be  ap- 
pointed and  that  the  Chair  act,  ex-officio,  to  make  the  neces- 
sary arrangements.  There  being  no  objection,  it  was  so 
ordered." 
Aujrust  6,  1907 — "The  Chair  informed  the  Board  that  it  had  ap- 
pointed as  the  committee  on  arrangements  for  the  laying  of 
the  cornerstone  of  the  new  Polytechnic  High  School,  the 
High  School  Committee,  to  which  he  had  added  Director 
Sutherland  and  of  which  he  had  appointed  Director  Young 
as  chairman. 

"Director  Young  reported  that  2  o'clock,  August  24,  1907, 

had  been  fixed  for  the  occasion  and  that  President  Wheeler 

had  expressed  his  willingness  to  make  the  address.      He  also 

requested  authority  to  make  such  expenditures  as  might  be 

necessary   to    make    the    event   a   success.      His   request   was 

granted  unanimously." 

Augu.st  13,  1907 — "Director  Young  reported  as  chairman  of  the 

committee  having  charge  of  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  of 

the  new  Polytechnic  School  on  the  24th  day  of  August,  1907, 

and  stated  that  the  committee  had  engaged  a  band  and  had 

made  extensive  preparations  for  the  event.      He  reported  that 

he   had  appointed   Director  Loring  to  act   on   the   committee 

during  the  absence  of  Director  Lewis." 

At  the  time  appointed  for  the  exercises  the  following  program 

wu  given : 

Overture— "William  Tell".. ..Golden  Gate  Park  Band 
Under  the  leadership  of  Paul  Steindorff 

Invocation Rev.  Mr.  Hopkins 

Of  the  First  Congregational  Church,  Berkeley 

Remarks Prof.  Lewis,  President  of  the  Board, 

And  by  the  City  Superintendent,  S.  D.  Waterman 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  23 

Music By  the  "Berkeley  Quartette" 

Remarks Principal  M.  C.  James,  and  W.  A.  Gates, 

Representing  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 

Music — Intermezzo,  "Cavaleria  Rusticana" 

Golden  Gate  Park  Band 

Address Pres.  Benj.  Ide  Wheeler 

Laying  of  the  Cornerstone By  Masonic  Lodge 

Music — Pilgrims'  Chorus    (Tannhauser) 

Golden  Gate  Park  Band 

Dr.  J.  S.  Eastman,  for  several  years  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Education,  presented  for  the  High  School  yard  two  fine  palms 
that  had  been  growing  in  his  yard  at  the  corner  of  Oxford  and 
Center  Streets  and  these  palms  were  transplanted  and  are  now 
growing  on  the  Grove  Street  frontage  of  the  school  lot. 

In  1902  a  "Sequoia  Gigantea"  was  presented  to  the  school  by 
Mr.  John  Muir  and  was  planted  with  appropriate  exercises  in  the 
school  yard  south  of  the  building.  This  gift  came  through  C.  L. 
Biedenbach's  personal  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Muir.  Mr.  Bieden- 
bach  had  charge  of  the  program. 

Soon  after  the  completion  of  the  Strawberry  Creek  culvert  the 
Kellogg  building  and  the  little  two-room  building  already  men- 
tioned were  moved  to  Allston  Way,  these  lots  having  been  secured 
some  time  before. 

In  1904  a  part  of  the  property,  182  feet  on  Center  Street  and 
100  feet  in  depth  was  leased  for  10  years  at  an  annual  rental  of 
$1200.     This  lease  was  renewed  in  1914. 

In  1909  the  old  Kellogg  building  was  leased  to  Mr.  F.  H.  Meyer 
at  a  monthly  rental  of  $70.  The  building  is  still  used  by  Mr. 
Meyer  for  the  "California  School  of  Arts  and  Crafts." 

COURSE  OF  LECTURES. 

During  1893  and  1894  a  very  instructive  course  of  lectures 
was  given  in  connection  with  the  regular  work  in  History  and 
English. 

Dr.  H.  M.  DuBose  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  South,  gave  three 
lectures: 

"The  Passing  of  Arthur" 
"The  Early  Legendary  Days  of  England" 
"Myths  of  Scandinavia." 
Prof.  Thos.  R.  Bacon  of  the  History  department  of  the  Uni- 


24  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

versity  gave  a  very  vivid  lecture  on  the  "Battle  of  Austerlitz," 
illustrated  at  the  blackboard  in  such  a  manner  as  to  give  to  the 
lislonors  a  lasting  impression  of  this  great  battle  in  w^hich  Napoleon 
defeated  the  combined  armies  of  Russia  and  Austria  in  1805. 

Then  we  had  Profs.  Bradley,  Kellogg,  Moses  and  Cook  of  the 
University  faculty. 

Dr.  Homer  B.  Sprague  gave  a  lecture  based  on  "Some  of 
Shakespeare's  Plays." 

Dr.  C.  C.  Stratton,  a  lecture  on  "Potential  Forces,"  and  not 
the  least  in  interest,  though  the  last  to  be  named.  Miss  McLean, 
fresh  from  her  three  years  of  work  in  the  slums  of  New  York,  gave 
such  a  description  of  her  work  that  all  who  heard  wei-e  impressed 
with  the  earnestness  and  love  for  humanity  that  called  forth  the 
three  years  of  self-sacrificing  labor. 

Later,  when  Dr.  Jordan  had  become  settled  at  Stanford,  he 
jfave  his  lecture  on  the  "Passion  Play"  in  the  First  Congregational 
Church,  corner  of  Durant  Avenue  and  Dana  Street.  Still  later, 
he  ^ve  his  lecture  on  the  "Ascent  of  the  Matterhorn." 

Dr.  A.  C.  Hirst  of  the  M.  E.  Church  gave  two  wonderful  lec- 
tures on  "Early  Colonial  Days."  All  of  these  lectures  were  open 
to  the  public  and  were  well  attended  and  were  very  popular,  not 
only  with  the  pupils,  but  with  the  community  at  large. 

Several  pages  that  follow  are  from  a  report  written  a  number 
of  years  ago.  Some  changes  have  been  made  to  fit  the  present 
time. 

In  May,  1880,  a  special  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Kel- 
logg, Palmer  and  Johnson,  appointed  at  a  previous  meeting  to 
investigate  as  to  the  advisability  of  establishing  a  High  School, 
presented  a  report,  which  closes  as  follows: 

"We  therefore  recommend  that  a  High  School  class  be  formed 
at  the  beginning  of  the  next  school  year,  to  be  under  the  care  of 
a  Grammar  Principal,  without  any  increase  of  salary  for  the  pres- 
ent, and  that  the  course  of  study  for  the  first  year  be  substan- 
tially as  follows: 

"First  Term — Algebra,  Physical  Geography,  English  Compo- 
sition, Language. 

"Second  Term — Algebra,  Zoology,  Greek  and  Roman  History 
or  Latin,  Language. 

"The  course  for  future  years  is  to  be  fixed  hereafter." 

December  21,  1880,  the  Committee  on  Classification  reported 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  25 

that  there  were  seven  scholars  pursuing  High  School  studies — five 
in  the  Kellogg  School  and  two  in  the  San  Pablo  Avenue  School, 
and  recommended  that  these  classes  be  united  as  soon  as  possible. 

In  1882  a  complete  course  of  study  was  adopted,  and  the  High 
School  was  so  graded  as  to  allow  students  to  prepare  for  any 
department  of  the  State  University.  W.  W.  Anderson  was  the 
first  principal. 

In  July,  1881,  the  following  rule  was  adopted  with  reference 
to  the  tuition  of  outside  pupils: 

"Non-resident  parents  or  guardians  who  pay  taxes  to  the  town 
of  Berkeley  shall  be  entitled  to  send,  free  of  charge,  one  pupil 
belonging  to  their  own  families  for  every  $500  valuation  of 
Berkeley  property  on  which  they  pay  taxes,  and  no  more." 

The  sum  of  $1000  was  afterward  substituted  for  $500. 

The  rate  of  tuition  for  other  non-resident  pupils  was  fixed  at 
$11  per  term. 

In  1884  the  High  School  was  placed  upon  the  "accredited  list" 
by  the  Faculty  of  the  State  University. 

In  September,  1884,  W.  W.  Anderson  resigned  as  Principal 
of  the  High  School.  Directors  Jones,  Palmer  and  Jebens  were 
appointed  a  committee  on  filling  this  vacancy,  and  as  a  result  of 
their  labors,  on  September  16,  Henry  Veghte  was  elected  Principal. 

Mr.  Veghte  continued  as  Principal  until  June,  1890,  when  S.  D. 
Waterman  was  elected  to  the  position,  which  he  filled  until  1899, 
when  he  was  elected  Superintendent.  Mr.  M.  C.  James  was  chosen 
principal  in  1899,  and  filled  the  position  until  1910.  With  the 
continued  growth  of  the  town  there  has  been  a  corresponding  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  pupils  in  the  High  School,  the  increase 
being  from  270  enrolled  in  189G  to  over  1000  enrolled  in  1917. 

On  July  9,  1894,  a  special  election  as  required  by  law,  to 
legalize  the  establishment  of  the  High  School  was  held,  and  car- 
ried by  a  handsome  majority.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board 
subsequent  to  the  election,  the  school  was  formally  christened 
"The  Berkeley  High  School." 

In  1901  the  Board  of  Town  Trustees  erected  the  building  on 
Grove  Sti-eet,  and  it  was  thought  that  there  would  be  ample 
accommodations  for  at  least  ten  years,  but  in  three  years  after 
the  opening  of  the  school  in  the  new  building  there  was  a  demand 
for  more  room. 

It  was  determined  recently  that  the  best  plan  for  providing  for 


•>6  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

the  lareelv  increased  numbers  who  were  calling  for  High  School 
training  would  be  to  establish  Manual  Training  as  a  part  of  the 
course  for  those  who  might  elect  such  work,  and  to  provide  the 
necessary  shops  and  equipment,  as  well  as  an  additional  building 
for  the  Science  Department  and  an  Assembly  Hall. 

The  School  District  voted  bonds  for  $200,000  for  the  purpose 
of  securinjr  additional  land  and  for  erecting  and  furnishing  the 

necessary  buildings.  ^  t:,     ,. 

The  Board  of  Education  were  aided  by  the  Committee  of  Borty 
iippointed  bv  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  by  the  different  im- 
provement clubs  in  placing  the  needs  of  the  department  before  the 
people  and  in  carrying  the  project  to  a  successful  vote. 

The  bonds  were  purchased  by  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Berkeley  at  a  premium  of  S^^  per  cent;  plans  adopted  and  the 
contract  was  let  for  a  Class  A  steel  frame  and  reinforced  con- 
crete building,  to  be  completed  by  July,  1908. 

In  preparing  an  account  of  the  organization  and  development 
of  the  entire  school  system,  it  is  impossible  to  avoid  repetitions 
and  it  is  likewise  impossible  to  secure  the  continuity  of  arrange- 
ment so  much  to  be  desired.  However,  as  the  High  School  is  under 
consideration  at  the  present  writing,  it  will  be  wise  perhaps  to  fin- 
ish as  far  as  possible  the  account  of  matters  pertaining  to    this 

school. 

As  has  been  stated  elsewhere,  the  High  School  was  organized 
in  the  Kellogg  School  building,  but  the  growth  of  the  tovni  was 
such  that  the  demands  for  more  room  were  very  urgent.  During 
the  last  year  of  Mr.  Anderson's  administration  in  1883  an  addition 
of  four  class  rooms  was  made  to  the  Kellogg  building  and  addi- 
tional rooms  costing  $1900  were  built  in  West  Berkeley.  In  June, 
1884,  the  old  Congregational  Church  building  on  Choate  Street 
(now  known  as  Telegraph  Avenue),  near  Dwight  Way,  was  pur- 
chaAcd  for  $1256  and  was  moved  to  the  rear  of  the  school  lot, 
the  rear  of  the  building  being  on  Allston  Way,  and  the  front 
opening  upon  the  school  yard.  This  purchase  was  made  possible 
when  the  church  completed  their  new  building  on  the  corner  of 
Dana  Street  and  Durant  Avenue. 

Later  Mr.  W.  R.  Pond  purchased  from  the  school  board  a  lot 
fronting  on  Center  Street — 51  feet  on  Center  and  100  feet  in 
depth.  This  old  church  building  went  with  the  lot.  It  was  moved 
forward   to   Center   Street  and   now   forms  the   second   story   of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  27 

numbers  2128-2130  Center  Street.     It  is  at  present  the  place  of 
worship  of  the  First  Jewish  Congregation  of  Berkeley. 

The  following  letter  from  Mr.  Anderson,  written  several  years 
ago  gives  some  additional  information.     I  give  his  letter  just  as  he 
wrote  it. 
"My  Dear  Mr.  Waterman: — 

I  am  not  able  to  help  you  very  much  as  I  have  no  data  and  I 
am  not  sure  in  what  year  I  went  to  Berkeley.  The  records  of  the 
Board  will  show  that.  The  building  was  known  as  the  Kellogg 
School  Building.  In  the  building  were  the  primary  and  grammar 
grades  for  East  and  North  Berkeley.  The  teachers  were  Miss 
French,  Miss  DeWolf  and  Miss  Davis.  The  High  School  enroll- 
ment was  11 — in  most  subjects  in  one  class,  so  that  it  was  not  at 
all  difficult  for  me  to  teach  all  the  subjects  in  addition  to  the 
superintendence  of  the  other  rooms.  West  Berkeley  was  entirely 
independent  of  us,  but  under  the  same  Board,  but  we  did  not  run 
upon  the  same  lines  of  work  at  all.  West  Berkeley  was  graded 
as  far  as  possible  on  the  plan  of  the  Oakland  schools.  They  had 
a  good  man,  Mr.  Horton,  as  Principal.  Our  school  was  not  modeled 
after  any  other  school  on  the  coast  at  the  time.  Believing  that 
we  were  virtually  independent  of  the  county  as  much  as  Oakland, 
with  the  tacit  consent  of  the  Board  we  introduced  what  is  now 
so  common,  the  reading  of  standard  books  instead  of  the  regular 
school  readers,  and  made  such  other  changes  as  the  best  authori- 
ties advised,  so  far  as  circumstances  permitted. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  second  year.  Miss  DeWolf  became  as- 
sistant in  the  High  School.  When  she  became  Mrs.  Slate,  Miss 
M.  A.  Kendall  succeeded  her  in  the  High  School.  Miss  Kendall  is 
now  (1909)  in  one  of  the  Chicago  High  Schools. 

Miss  Bartling  was  made  primary  teacher  at  the  end  of  my 
third  year  and  was  also  made  the  teacher  of  Greek  Prose  Compo- 
sition. (This  was  a  combination,  surely).  She  who  was  Miss 
Bartling  is  now  Mrs.  Sanford,  wife  of  Prof.  Sanford  of  Clark 
University,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Notwithstanding  our  small  school  and  slender  equipment  we 
were  the  first  accredited  High  School  in  the  state,  Oakland,  Low- 
ell and  Stockton  following  in  the  order  named.  The  chairman  of 
the  Board  claimed  that  our  accrediting  was  upon  the  'best  basis.' 
I  was  surprised  to  find  that  we  outranked  one  large  school  in  the 
one  subject  that  I  was  the  most  dubious  about. 


28  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

No  graduation  was  the  policy  of  the  Board  and  no  diplomas 
were  piven  until  a  year  or  two  after  I  left  Berkeley  to  go  to  Sac- 
ramento.    I  was  in  Berkeley  nearly  four  years." 
Yours  very  sincerely, 

WILLIAM  WALKER  ANDERSON. 

Mr.  Anderson  resigrned  June  30th,  1884.  He  is  still  (1917) 
occupied  in  educational  work  and  his  academy  at  Irvington  is  noted 
for  excellence  in  discipline  and  thoroughness  in  instruction.  Mr. 
Henry  Veghte  became  Principal  when  Mr.  Anderson  resigned. 

The  Board  of  Education  now  proceeded  upon  the  assumption 
that,  according  to  the  definition  of  a  city  as  given  in  the  California 
code,  Berkeley,  though  incorporated  as  a  town,  is  legally  and  in 
fact,  a  City. 

At  this  time  City  Boards  of  Education  had  authority  to  appoint 
City  Boards  of  Examiners,  and  these  Boards  were  empowered  to 
grant  "City  Certificates"  to  applicants  who  passed  the  required 
tests.  These  "City  Certificates"  were  of  greater  value  to  the  hold- 
ers than  either  State  Certificates  or  ordinary  County  Certificates, 
as  the  law  provided  that  persons  teaching  under  them  could  be  re- 
moved only  upon  conviction  of  incapacity  or  unprofessional  con- 
duct, upon  charges  duly  made  and  upon  trial  duly  conducted. 
These  "certificates"  virtually  secured  for  the  holder  a  life  tenure. 

To  carry  out  the  plan  outlined  by  the  Board,  Prof.  Wm.  Cary 
Jones  was  appointed  "City  Superintendent,"  for  the  Town  of 
Berkeley,  on  October  7th,  1884. 

President  W.  T.  Reid  and  Professors  Kellogg,  Rising  and  Cook, 
all  of  the  University,  were  appointed  a  "City  Board  of  Examiners." 
On  October  28th  this  Board  reported  that  they  had  granted  a 
"Hijrh  School  City  Certificate"  for  the  town  of  Berkeley  to 
Mr.  Henry  Veghte,  on  examination.  Later,  this  certificate  was 
declared  invalid  by  the  Superior  Court  of  Alameda  County,  Judge 
Ellsworth  on  the  bench. 

MUSIC  IN  THE  HIGH  SCHOOL. 

In  this  school  there  was  always  a  well  organized  chorus.  Mr. 
Vejchte  was  a  fine  pianist  as  well  as  an  all  'round  musician.  He 
waj»  very  successful  as  a  leader  and  during  these  early  days  of  the 
life  in  the  High  School,  vocal  music  was  a  prominent  and  very 
■irrecable  feature.     In  fact,  in  all  of  the  grades,  the  work  in  music 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  29 

was  carried  on  by  the  regular  teachers  and  in  many  instances  with 
excellent  results. 

In  1891  a  series  of  musical  entertainments  and  tableaux  were 
given  in  Unity  Hall  for  the  benefit  of  the  school  library. 

There  were  8  tableaux  from  "Miles  Standish,"  8  tableaux  from 
"Evangeline,"  and  8  tableaux  from  "The  Hanging  of  the  Crane." 

This  was  the  first  entertainment  given  entirely  by  the  pupils 
and  it  was  patronized  by  the  entire  public.  The  musical  part  of 
the  program  was  a  featux'e  not  yet  forgotten  by  those  who  took 
part. 

THE  ORCHESTRA. 

In  1892  an  orchestra  was  organized.  The  first  orchestra  con- 
sisted of  thirteen  violins,  (all  first  violins,  of  course),  one  cornet 
that  was  always  one-fourth  to  one-eighth  of  a  tone  flat  when 
played.  We  had  in  addition  to  this  aggregation  of  talent  a  big 
"Bass  Fiddle"  played  by  Vere  Hunter.  In  a  short  time  several  of 
the  violinists  concluded  that  the  second  violin  part  was  better 
suited  to  their  musical  attainments  and  our  cornet  player  learned 
how  to  tune  his  instrument  and  also  how  to  play  in  tune.  We 
finally  settled  down  to  six  first  violins,  seven  seconds,  one  cornet 
and  the  "Bass  Fiddle." 

At  the  beginning  of  the  next  term  we  were  reinforced  by  the 
addition  of  two  cornets,  two  trombones,  a  flute,  a  clarinet,  an  oboe, 
a  'cello,  and  two  violas.  On  state  occasions  Mr.  Clarence  Merrill 
played  the  flute  with  our  boys  and  girls  and  Mr.  Frank  McClain 
played  the  drums  and  cjinbals.  We  were  exceedingly  fortunate  in 
having  Mr.  John  S.  Drew  as  leader  of  the  violins.  Mr.  Drew, 
who  is  now  busily  engaged  in  educational  work  in  San  Francisco, 
was  at  this  time  teacher  of  Science  in  the  Berkeley  High  School. 
Mr.  Alva  W.  Stamper,  who  taught  Mathematics  in  the  High  School, 
was  also  of  great  assistance  in  the  orchestra,  as  he  was  very  skill- 
ful with  the  trombone.  Mr.  Stamper  is  now  at  the  head  of  the 
Mathematical  department  in  the  Chico  State  Normal  School.  Later 
King  Sweesy,  at  that  time  a  student,  took  his  place. 

In  all  we  had  thirty  members  and  this  orchestra  furnished  the 
music  for  all  occasions  such  as  "Class  Day"  stunts  and  other  stu- 
dent entertainments.  For  "Graduation  Exercises,"  when  some- 
thing more  finished  was  expected,  the  Board  usually  employed 
Noah  Brandt's  Orchestra  from  San  Francisco. 


ao 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


After  existing  for  several  years,  this  orchestra  disappeared  as 
suddenly  as  it  had  appeared.  The  leader  had  become  City  Super- 
intendent of  Schools,  many  of  the  members  had  graduated,  Mr. 
Drew  had  removed  to  San  Francisco,  and  Mr.  Stamper  had  gone  to 
fill  an  important  position  in  the  Chico  Normal  school,  as  has  al- 
ready been  stated. 

A  year  or  two  later  an  attempt  to  reorganize  was  made,  but 
a  practice  game  of  football  by  the  U.  C.  students  was  more  at- 
tractive to  most  of  the  members  than  a  dry  rehearsal  with  7  or  8 
violins,  a  piano  and  a  cornet  and  the  attempted  reorganization 
failed.  This  is  a  sketch  of  the  pioneer  work  in  this  line.  The 
school  has  now,  and  has  had  for  several  years,  an  excellent 
orchestra  under  excellent  leadership. 

At  the  present  time  (1917)  all  of  the  large  schools  have  well 
orjranized  orchestras.  Miss  Hartley,  the  supervisor,  has  been  un- 
tiring in  her  efforts  to  bring  about  this  result.  She  has  arranged 
for  lessons  upon  the  violin,  the  cornet  and  the  clarinet  at  a  nom- 
inal cost  for  all  who  are  anxious  for  instruction  and  a  number  have 
already  availed  themselves  of  this  opportunity  to  become  pro- 
ficient and  to  form  valuable  acquisitions  to  the  orchestra  of  their 
own  local  schools  and  later  to  reinforce  the  orchestra  at  the  High 
School. 

THE  MANDOLIN  CLUB. 

About  the  year  1899  six  of  the  boys  and  a  dozen  or  more  girls 
orpanized  a  club  for  self  improvement  and  general  sociability  and 
for  several  terms  the  Mandolin  Club  was  a  very  successful  insti- 
tution, but  like  all  amateur  organizations  that  have  no  leading 
force  to  keep  things  moving,  the  interest  failed  and  the  club  died 
quietly  and  no  attempt  was  made  to  bring  it  back  to  life  or  to 
orjfanize  another  club  in  its  place. 

The  school  has  been  fortunate  from  the  very  start  in  the  selec- 
tion of  its  corps  of  teachers.  During  the  earlier  years  of  its  exist- 
ence while  the  school  was  in  the  old  Kellogg  building  on  Center 
Street,  in  the  English  department  we  had  Miss  Bartling  and  Miss 
McLean.  While  Miss  McLean  was  doing  "Settlement  work"  in 
New  York  City  for  three  years,  Miss  Ada  H.  Ramsdell  took  her 
place. 

In  the  Classical  line  of  work  Mr.  Veghte  was  an  authority. 
Since  his  time  Mr.  S.  D.  Waterman,  Mr.  James  D.   Meeker,  Mr. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  31 

M.  C.  James,  Mrs.  Stone  and  Miss  Clayes  have  contributed  much 
to  the  success  of  the  school  in  this  department  prior  to  the  removal 
of  the  school  to  the  Grove  Street  building. 

In  History,  Mr.  Will  Hackley,  Miss  Ruth  Hobson  and  Miss  Eva 
v.  Carlin  established  the  work  on  an  excellent  basis.  Miss  Carlin, 
who  was  one  of  the  very  best  in  every  line  of  school  work,  having 
been  granted  a  year's  leave  of  absence,  visited  Europe  and  when 
she  returned  she  brought  a  complete  equipment  for  her  work. 
Her  room  in  the  new  building  had  been  arranged  as  she  would 
have  it,  during  her  absence,  and  she  entered  upon  her  work  with 
more  than  her  customary  energy.  She  possessed  the  happy  fac- 
ulty of  inspiring  her  pupils  with  a  desire  for  the  best,  and  those 
who  were  so  fortunate  as  to  be  under  her  direct  instruction  will 
give  her  credit  for  the  high  standards  that  she  placed  before  them 
as  models  and  for  the  excellent  character  of  the  instruction  that 
she  gave.  She  was  forced  by  ill  health  to  resign  her  position  and 
after  years  of  suffering  she  went  to  partake  of  the  reward  of  a 
good  and  faithful  servant.  The  school  and  the  community  at 
large  felt  the  loss.  Such  teachers  are  rare  and  their  influence 
lives  long  after  their  daily  presence  has  departed. 

We  must  also  mention  the  following  v/ho  were  successful  work- 
ers at  this  early  time: 

In  Mathematics — Mr.  Stamper,  Miss  Edmonds. 

In  Science — Miss  Edmonds,  Mr.  John  Drew,  Mr.  T.  Sid  Elston, 
Mr.  D.  R.  Wood. 

In  French — Prof.  E.  B.  Lamare. 

In  Spanish — Prof.  Gompertz. 

In  German — Miss  Edmonds,  Mr.  Karl  Henrichs. 

The  Art  and  Music  departments  as  well  as  the  Domestic 
Science  and  the  Manual  Training  have  been  fully  organized  later 
and  will  be  mentioned  at  the  proper  place.  As  the  school  has 
continued  to  increase  in  numbers  and  as  the  courses  of  study  have 
been  enlarged  and  new  subjects  added,  additions  have  been  made 
to  the  faculty.  The  corps  of  teachers  has  always  been  among 
the  very  best  in  Califoi-nia. 

The  following  have  been  principals: 

Mr.  Anderson,  until  1884. 

Mr.  Veghte,  from  1884  to  1890. 

Mr.  Waterman,  from  1890  to  1899. 

Mr.  James,  from  1899  to  1910. 


38 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Mr.  Brink,  from  1910  to  1912. 

Mr.  Biedenbach,  from  1912  to  — . 

It  is  an  interesting  study  to  examine  and  compare  the  course 
of  study  of  25  years  ago  with  the  extended  and  elaborate  courses 
now  offered.  This  will  indicate  clearly  the  advance  made  in  the 
work  of  the  secondary  schools. 

Some  mention  must  be  made  of  athletics,  debating  societies, 
and  the  school  paper. 

The  old  cinder  track  on  the  campus  has  been  the  scene  of 
many  a  spirited  contest  in  athletics  between  the  teams  from  the 
different  high  schools  belonging  to  the  A.  A.  L.  (Amateur  Athletic 
Lea^e).  The  Berkeley  High  School  still  holds  the  records  for 
several  events  won  at  these  contests,  but  the  surprise  that  fell 
upon  us  when  the  huskies  from  Ukiah  High  School  came  in 
with  a  dash  and  took  everything  in  sight  was  great  indeed. 

The  League  managers  were  selected,  one  from  each  school, 
and  the  schools  remote  from  the  bay  were  represented  in  the 
management  by  proxies.  It  generally  happened  that  the  Oak- 
land High  School  controlled  the  affairs  of  the  league.  The  rivalry 
between  Berkeley  and  Oakland  was  very  bitter,  and  the  dissatis- 
faction increased  continually.  Each  school  took  advantage  of 
ever>'thing  calculated  to  advance  the  interests  of  its  own  track 
team.  This  dissatisfaction  culminated  when  the  annual  Field  Day 
of  the  A.  A.  L.  was  held  on  the  Olympic  grounds  in  San  Francisco. 

On  the  night  before  the  events  were  to  take  place,  the  man- 
agers disqualified  the  "star"  performer  of  the  Berkeley  team  be- 
cause it  was  charged  that  he  became  a  professional  when  he 
pitched  in  a  game  of  baseball  for  pay  during  the  vacation.  The 
Berkeley  people  did  not  know  of  this  action  until  the  news  came 
accidentally  while  we  were  crossing  the  bay.  Then  you  may  imag- 
ine that  bad  blood  developed  and  it  really  looked  as  if  the  affair 
would  end  in  a  skirmish.  However,  a  compromise  was  effected 
and  Spencer  was  allowed  to  do  his  stunts,  subject  to  a  later  de- 
cision of  the  managers.  Under  this  compromise  Berkeley  won  the 
day  by  many  points,  but  when  the  Board  met  they  reversed  the 
decision,  threw  out  all  of  the  points  that  Spencer  had  won,  and 
irave  the  Field  Day  to  Oakland.  From  this  time  the  interest  in 
the  league  flagged  and  finally  the  league  itself  died  a  natural 
death.  Foot  Ball,  Base  Ball  and  Basket  Ball  took  the  place  that 
the  field  events  had  formerly  filled.     The  same  rivalry  between 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  38 

the  schools  still  existed  for  several  years,  but  it  appears  now  to 
have  almost  disappeared. 

DEBATING  SOCIETIES. 

In  the  early  nineties  tvi^o  debating  societies  were  organized — 
the  Forum  for  the  boys,  and  the  Ecclesia  for  the  girls.  The  mem- 
bers of  these  societies  were  very  enthusiastic.  They  were  sup- 
ported for  several  years  by  a  large  percentage  of  the  Student 
Body.  Yearly  contests  between  the  0.  H.  S.  and  the  B.  H.  S. 
took  place  and  the  results  were  very  evenly  balanced.  These 
contests  were  held  alternately  in  Shattuck  Hall  in  Berkeley  and 
in  the  High  School  gymnasium  in  Oakland.  The  local  school 
usually  gave  a  reception  and  banquet  to  the  visiting  team. 

STUDENT  CONTROL. 

For  two  years  after  Mr.  James  left  the  High  School  in  1910 
until  1912,  when  Mr.  Biedenbach  was  elected  principal,  the  "Stu- 
dent Control"  idea  was  thoroughly  tested.  This  test  clearly 
showed  that  even  with  student  control  there  must  be  a  power  in 
charge  of  affairs,  to  regulate  and  suggest.  With  the  advent  of 
the  new  principal,  however,  the  entire  system  of  discipline  was 
remodeled. 

A  pamphlet  explaining  the  handling  of  the  various  activities 
in  the  administration  of  the  school  has  been  prepared.  Extracts 
from  this  pamphlet  are  given  below.  The  following  subjects  are 
treated  here: 

"The  Advisory  System." 

"School  Journalism." 

"The  School  Assembly." 

"The  Dramatic  Club." 

"The  Method  of  Handling  School  Money." 

"Athletics." 

"Music." 

THE  ADVISORY  SYSTEM. 

The  advisory  system  aims  to  bring  about  in  the  large  high 
school  that  close  connection  between  the  faculty  and  the  student 
which  occurs  naturally  in  the  smaller  schools,  but  which  is  not 
found  in  the  larger  schools  unless  a  definite  effort  is  made  to 
secure  it.  As  conducted  in  the  Berkeley  High  School  the  method 
is  briefly  this: 


34  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

"The  entire  student  body  is  divided  into  sections  of  the  same 
jrrade,  approximately  twenty-five  members  each.  The  boys  and 
the  g-irls  are  in  separate  sections.  These  sections  are  formed  when 
the  class  first  enters  the  school  and  remain  the  same  for  the  entire 
three  years.  This  arrangement  is  an  important  factor  in  securing 
the  success  of  the  plan,  as  it  affords  the  opportunity  for  the  adviser 
to  become  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  members  of  his  section. 
The  duties  of  the  adviser  are  varied.  In  the  first  place,  he  helps 
the  students  to  plan  their  high  school  course.  In  Berkeley,  where 
a  very  large  proportion  of  the  high  school  graduates  enter  the 
University,  this  means  that  the  adviser  be  familiar  with  the  courses 
offered  by  the  University  and  with  the  group  of  subjects  re- 
quired in  the  high  school  for  entrance  to  these  courses.  In  any 
community  the  adviser  should  know  the  requirement  for  entering 
the  higher  educational  institutions  and  the  various  fields  of  work 
open  to  high  school  graduates  in  that  community.  The  Advisory 
System  thus  becomes  a  simple  and  practical  form  of  vocational 
guidance. 

"The  adviser  must  at  all  times  be  aware  of  the  quality  of  the 
work  being  done  by  his  students.  The  report  cards  which  are  fur- 
nished three  times  each  semester  give  him  the  required  informa- 
tion. 

"Each  student  is  responsible  to  his  adviser  for  his  absence  from 
school.  In  case  of  tardiness  or  absence,  immediate  communica- 
tion with  the  parents  has  been  most  effective. 

"There  is  a  fifteen-minute  advisory  period  every  day,  this 
period  coming  in  the  middle  of  the  morning.  At  times  when  there 
is  a  general  assembly  meeting,  the  students  are  seated  in  the  audi- 
torium with  their  advisers. 

"All  general  notices  are  read  at  this  period,  thus  making  it 
possible  for  the  Principal,  through  the  advisers,  to  direct  student 
opinion  and  student  action  in  the  most  effective  way." 

From  this  synopsis,  though  brief,  the  value  in  a  large  school 
of  a  system  as  outlined  above  will  be  seen.  It  is  essential  to  good 
discipline  and  successful  management. 

SCHOOL  JOURNALISM. 

The  "Olla  Podrida"  has  had  a  varied  success  since  the  first  num- 
ber was  i.ssued  and  there  have  been  very  many  creditable  issues. 
However,  a  large  proportion  of  poor  issues  not  in  the  least  repre- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  35 

senting  the  best  in  the  life  of  the  school,  with  poorly  printed  pages, 
of  poorly  written  articles,  questionable  jokes  and  cartoons  and  a 
generally  careless  way  of  "doing  things,"  led  to  a  complete  change 
in  the  management. 

In  the  earlier  years  of  its  existence  some  of  the  business  man- 
agers developed  into  very  skillful  financial  agents  and  the  ex- 
perience during  these  years,  when  the  success  of  the  year 
depended  upon  the  advertising  patronage,  doubtless  contributed  to 
their  success  later.  A  good  paper  is  of  great  service  in  keeping 
the  school  spirit  active  and  in  informing  the  public  of  the  varied 
activities  of  the  school  life.  The  "OUa  Pod"  is  now  published 
semi-annually  and  is  the  illustrated  review  of  the  school  life.  It 
is  published  without  advertisements  and  relies  upon  the  subscrip- 
tions of  the  pupils  for  its  support. 

"Since  the  spring  of  1912  the  Berkeley  High  School  has  pub- 
lished the  'Weekly  News'  every  Monday  morning.  This  news- 
paper aims  to  present  concise  accounts  of  recent  school  events  and 
through  its  news  and  editorial  columns  to  unify  and  uplift  the 
students'  various  interests.  A  fee  of  one  dollar  collected  annually 
from  each  pupil  includes  a  subscription  to  the  paper.  Eight  local 
advertisements  furnish  its  weekly  income.  The  funds  connected 
with  this  department  are  carefully  audited  the  same  as  all  of  the 
other  funds  and  a  strict  business  air  is  seen  in  all  the  business 
departments  of  the  school.  Assisting  the  editor  and  manager  are 
a  staff  of  eight  students,  a  faculty  adviser,  and  the  auditor.  Only 
those  who  have  completed  the  course  in  High  School  Journalism 
are  eligible  to  become  candidates  for  the  office  of  either  manager 
or  editor.  No  article  may  be  printed  without  the  sanction  of  the 
faculty  adviser.  Five  issues  of  the  'Weekly  News'  are  published 
by  the  class  in  Journalism,  the  members  electing  their  manager, 
editor,  and  assistants.  Practice  in  Writing,  Preparing  Copy, 
Proof  Reading  and  Distributing  are  thus  given.  The  class  also 
acts  as  a  publicity  committee,  preparing  press  notices  for  the  local 
and  the  city  papers,  and  posters  and  programs  for  all  of  the  school 
activities  that  require  them. 

"One  of  the  most  delicate  problems  with  this  and  all  other 
school  activities  is  to  see  that  the  faculty  adviser  shall  not  rob 
the  students  of  their  initiative  or  originality  nor  blight  the  original 
spontaneity  of  youth. 

"There  is  no  doubt  that  there  should  always  be  a  teaching  repre- 


86  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

sentative  working  with  the  school  staff  in  all  student  activities. 
"The  course  in  High  School  Journalism  is  an  elective  one, 
which  may  be  substituted  for  High  English  11,  and  it  is  open  to 
pupils  who  receive  first  or  second  grade  in  the  English  work  of 
the  preceding  tei-m.  No  text  book  is  used,  the  class  making  their 
own  manual. 

"The  'Weekly  News'  has  always  yielded  a  surplus.  After  pay- 
ing the  expenses  of  printing  and  an  allowance  of  $1.50  each  per 
week  to  the  manager  and  the  editor,  the  balance  of  the  surplus 
is  used  to  meet  any  deficit  incurred  in  the  publication  of  the 
•Olio  Pod.'  " 

SCHOOL  ASSEMBLIES. 
"One  of  the  most  effective  ways  of  keeping  a  school  unified, 
in  spite  of  its  large  numbers  is  the  school  Assembly.  Every 
Tuesday  morning  the  entire  school  gathers  in  the  auditorium  for  a 
twenty  minute  period  of  singing.  Faculty  and  pupils,  under  the 
direction  of  the  music  teacher  and  accompanied  by  the  High  School 
orchestra,  join  in  singing  familiar  songs,  among  which  are  two 
original  songs  by  High  School  pupils.  The  purpose  of  this  as- 
.sembly  singing  is  not  so  much  musical  instruction  as  social  fellow- 
ship and  good  feeling. 

"The  Friday  assembly  is  a  means  of  keeping  pupils  and  teachers 
acquainted  with  the  varied  interests  and  pursuits  of  one  another. 
"A  fifteen  minute  program  is  presented  by  some  department  or 
organization  of  the  school,  and  for  this  brief  but  significant  period 
of  time  the  school  thinks  and  feels  as  one  organic  whole  and  that 
intangible  thing  we  call  school  spirit  finds  expression. 

"At  first  it  was  somewhat  difficult  to  find  pupils  willing  to  take 
part  in  these  programs  and  to  face  so  large  an  audience,  but 
today  various  groups  of  pupils  such  as  the  Forum,  the  Camera 
Club  and  the  staff  of  the  school  paper  are  asking  to  be  scheduled 
for  certain  Fridays,  that  they  may  present  matters  of  importance 
to  the  other  pupils. 

"These  semi-weekly  assemblies  have  become  a  strong  power 
for  knitting  together  the  different  parts  of  a  large  school  in 
bonds  of  mutual  interest  and  respect. 

"Ba.shful,  retiring  pupils  have  been  brought  to  the  front — a 
desire  to  share  experiences  and  joys  with  one  another  has  been 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  37 

cultivated — breadth  of  sympathy  has  been  established — and  loyalty 
has  been  created." 

THE  DRAMATIC  CLUB. 

"The  Dramatic  Club  is  the  outcome  of  young  people's  natural 
fondness  for  taking  part  in  plays  and  the  teachers'  wish  to  encour- 
age for  educational  and  social  reasons,  an  instinct  so  natural  and 
beautiful  and  so  conducive  to  a  rich  artistic  life  in  school.  Mem- 
bership in  this  club  is  open  to  the  whole  school,  and  there  are 
no  dues.  All  the  expenses  of  staging  a  play  are  easily  met,  with 
a  small  balance  over  by  the  proceeds  from  the  twenty-five  cent 
admission  price  to  the  performance. 

"The  object  of  the  club  is  to  present  a  Shakespeare  play  every 
spring  in  a  sincere  and  lovely  manner  that  shall  give  pleasure  of 
a  fine  type  to  the  participants  and  to  the  audience.  This  play 
represents  the  work  and  interests  of  many  departments  of  the 
school,  and  is,  therefore,  an  evidence  of  the  spirit  of  co-operation. 

"The  Art  Department  designs  the  costumes  and  the  Household 
Arts  Department  makes  them;  the  Mechanical  Arts  Department 
assists  in  building  the  stage  properties;  the  Commercial  Depart- 
ment manages  the  financial  end;  the  Science  Department  assists 
in  any  electric  lighting  effects;  the  Physical  Education  Department 
has  charge  of  the  dancing;  the  Music  Department  furnishes  the 
orchestra  and  tx-ains  for  any  music  necessary  upon  the  stage; 
the  English  Department  does  the  coaching  and  has  general  super- 
vision of  the  staging  of  the  play;  and  the  Class  in  Journalism  and 
the  school  paper  see  that  the  play  is  properly  advertised,  in  the 
local  papers. 

"The  uniting  of  so  many  groups  of  teachers  and  pupils  in  the 
production  of  a  beautiful  and  noble  drama,  does  much  for  the 
uplifting  of  school  life." 

THE  METHOD  OF  HANDLING  SCHOOL  MONEY. 

"Every  school  activity  has  a  teacher  in  charge,  who  is  respon- 
sible for  its  proper  administration.  In  the  handling  of  school 
money,  the  auditor,  who  is  a  member  of  the  faculty  has  a  corps 
of  students  in  advanced  bookkeeping,  who  do  the  actual  entering 
and  handling  of  money  under  his  supervision.  All  the  work  that 
can   be   done   by  the   student  cashiers,   tellers,   bookkeepers,   and 


286735 


18  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

clerks  is  put  in  their  charge  and  they  are  responsible  for  the 
correctness  of  what  they  do. 

"This  method  of  supervision  is  not  an  end  in  itself.  The 
result  soupht  is  democracy  in  school  life  and  the  training  of  those 
who  participate  by  those  whose  experience  and  skill  fit  them  to 
handle  the  activity.  The  strict  supervision  of  all  student  dues, 
payments,  and  accounting  has  this  equality  and  training  for  its 
object.  Colloctions  are  handled  so  that  all  contribute,  not  merely 
the  few.  The  sum  that  each  student  has  to  pay  in  the  course  of 
the  year  is  easily  within  the  reach  of  all. 

"There  are  no  admission  fees  to  games  and  no  assessments. 
Class  dues  are  allowed  in  the  Senior  Class  only. 

"In  addition  to  acting  as  cashier  and  bookkeeper  for  the  school 
the  auditor  is  charged  with  enforcing  the  rules  governing  the 
finances.  He  is  not  only  a  bookkeeper,  but  an  administrative  offi- 
cer as  well,  who  is  responsible  for  the  financial  system  of  the 
school.  All  school  moneys  from  whatever  source  must  pass 
through  the  auditor's  hands." 

Several  pages  in  the  pamphlet  mentioned  are  devoted  to  the 
details  involved  but  the  above  extract  is  sufficient  to  make  the 
general  plan  plain. 

During  the  present  year  up  to  the  present  date,  December  5, 
1917,  nearly  $3,000  have  been  raised  in  connection  with  the  war 
calls. 

ATHLETICS. 

Athletics  are  a  part  of  the  Department  of  Physical  Education. 
The  Physical  Director  is  head  "coach"  of  all  branches  of  athletics, 
i.  e.,  he  picks  the  men  who  shall  do  the  coaching  and  outlines  the 
policy  to  be  followed.  The  captains  of  the  teams  are  the  real 
roaches.  The  managing  of  all  teams  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Physical 
Director.  He  fixes  the  times  for  all  games,  appoints  the  officials 
and  selects  all  athletic  material  to  be  bought  for  the  school. 

This  system  of  athletic  control  brings  out  many  improvements. 
In  the  first  place,  more  boys  have  an  opportunity  to  take  part  in 
athletics;  secondly,  a  more  gentlemanly  set  of  boys  are  likely 
to  represent  the  school,  and  there  appears  in  the  school  a  much 
finer  spirit  and  a  unity  of  purpose  that  was  lacking,  under  the 
old  system. 

The  five  high  schools  of  Oakland,  Alameda,  and  Berkeley  have 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  39 

a  league  for  the  purpose  of  regulating  inter-school  activities — 
especially  athletics.  The  control  of  this  league  has  been  put  into 
the  hands  of  the  five  physical  directors  of  the  schools.  This  league 
takes  the  place  of  the  old  A.  A.  L.,  mention  of  which  has  already 
been  made.  The  definite  management  outlined  here  takes  the 
place  of  the  very  crude  management  of  the  old  league. 

This  committee  not  only  arranges  for  inter-school  games  but 
it  also  selects  officials,  chooses  the  field,  fixes  the  time,  etc.  In 
fine,  it  has  the  entire  control  of  the  whole  course  in  athletics, 
of  course,  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  the  Physical 
Director. 

MUSIC. 

I  have  written  about  music  in  the  schools  at  an  early  date. 

What  follows  as  a  quotation  from  the  pamphlet  already  men- 
tioned gives  the  condition  of  this  important  branch  in  the  High 
School  of  today.  One  of  the  first  advanced  steps  that  followed  the 
change  in  the  management  was  the  securing  of  a  place  among  the 
matriculation  units  at  the  University.  This  action,  which  was 
brought  about  by  the  combined  efforts  of  the  Principal  of  the 
school  and  the  Supervisor  of  Music,  gave  a  great  incentive  to  the 
music  work  in  the  school  and  prepared  the  way  for  great  things 
in  this  department. 

"The  music  department  teaches  all  branches  of  music  to  its 
regular  pupils  and  also  has  charge  of  all  music  connected  with 
the  student  activities.  This  controls  the  type  of  music  for  all 
occasions  and  sets  a  proper  standard  for  popular  music.  By  this 
method  the  best  results  are  obtained  without  friction.  In  fact,  a 
low  type  of  music  is  no  longer  a  question  for  discussion  either  by 
the  student  body  or  by  those  who  furnish  the  music. 

"The  high  school  band,  composed  of  twenty-five  members, 
furnishes  music  for  student  rallies  and  games,  and  occasionally 
plays  concerts  in  the  auditorium  and  in  the  courtyard.  The  band 
music  consists  chiefly  of  good  marches  and  school  songs,  although 
standard  selections  and  overtures  are  worked  up  for  concerts. 
The  result  of  placing  the  music  teacher  of  the  school  at  the  head 
of  the  band  and  orchestra  has  been  to  raise  the  standard  of  music 
played  by  both  organizations.  The  music  department  believes  in 
the  best  music  for  students,  suited,  of  course,  to  the  musical  com- 
prehension of  the  high  school  student  age. 


40 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


"In  the  choral  work,  special  attention  is  paid  to  tone  quality. 
No  harsh,  forced  singing  is  permitted,  and  careful  attention  to 
ihe  details  of  phrasing,  expression,  and  enunciation  has  resulted  in 
chorus  singing  of  considerable  polish  in  these  classes. 

"All  students  in  ensemble  singing  or  playing  are  trained  to 
watch  and  obev  the  director's  baton  and  free  hand.  This  training 
shows  to  excellent  advantage  in  the  orchestra  where  each  instru- 
ment must  fit  exactly  into  its  own  place  in  the  music.  No  careless 
playing  is  permitted  among  the  violins  where  the  tendency  toward 
carelessness  is  usually  strongest,  and  the  bowing  is  carefully 
watched  by  the  director.  Each  student-player  is  held  to  his  high- 
est efficiency  in  execution  by  the  director  who  insists  on  true  in- 
tonation, and  works  for  correct  and  artistic  interpretation.  This 
has  produced  an  orchestra  said  by  conservative  critics  to  be  ex- 
celled by  no  other  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  The  high  school 
orchestra  furnishes  music  for  all  of  the  school  exercises  and 
entertainments. 

"By  having  all  of  the  musical  organizations  which  exert  an 
influence  upon  the  pupils  act  in  harmony  and  quietly  uphold  the 
best  standards,  the  taste  of  the  whole  school  has  been  elevated  and 
the  demand  for  the  lower  types  of  music,  which  is  so  strong  in 
high  schools  generally,  has  practically  ceased." 

Mrs.  Sweesy,  in  her  last  report  of  the  music  department  used 
the  following: 

"I  am  sorry  that  we  have  not  an  accredited  music  section  in 
our  High  School.  I  hope  in  the  near  future  that  our  school  board 
will  find  a  place  for  it,  for  while  we  may  forget  nine-tenths  of  all 
our  grammar  and  geography,  and  while  physics  and  Latin  may 
ucarcely  be  mentioned,  \\'e  will  always  have  an  ever-increasing  use 
for  our  knowledge  and  appreciation  of  music."  What  the  Super- 
visor and  Superintendent  would  have  had,  the  new  Supervisor  and 
the  Principal  have  secured  for  the  school  and  the  pupils  as  an 
incentive  to  the  study  of  the  noblest  of  Arts. 

A  report  of  music  in  connection  with  the  public  schools  would 
not  be  complete  without  a  mention  of  the  "Children's  Concerts." 
R<-ali7.ing  the  great  educational,  as  well  as  cultural  value,  of 
good  music  in  any  community,  the  Berkeley  Board  of  Education 
in  the  year  1911  authorized  a  series  of  Young  People's  Concerts. 
This  action  resulted  from  the  very  successful  work  of  the  Berke- 
liv  Mii«iral  Association  in  furnishing  for  several  years  the  oppor- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  41 

tunity  for  the  adult  members  of  the  community  to  listen  to  the 
finest  vocal  and  instrumental  artists  at  a  reasonable  price. 

In  order  to  extend  this  work  so  that  the  children  might  receive 
the  benefit  and  pleasure  to  be  derived  from  an  organized  effort  m 
this  direction,  these  concerts  were  announced. 

For  seven  years,  Mr.  Edwin  Chamberlain,  a  concert  singer  and 
vocal  teacher  of  note  in  the  community,  has  successfully  managed 
these  concerts  without  remuneration.  His  efforts  have  been 
heartily  seconded  by  the  Supervisor  of  Music  and  the  entire  corps 
of  principals  and  teachers.  These  concerts  are  supported  entirely 
by  subscription.  During  the  first  year,  four  concerts  were  given 
for  fifty  cents,  making  it  possible  for  the  young  people  to  hear  first 
class  artists  for  fifteen  cents. 

Each  year  finds  the  children  more  enthusiastic  than  they  were 
the  year  before.  In  this,  the  seventh  year  the  number  of  sub- 
scriptions has  so  increased  that  it  has  been  possible  to  offer  a 
series  of  five  concerts  for  fifty  cents.  Subscriptions  are  sold  to 
children  only.     A  few  adults  are  admitted  for  fifty  cents  a  concert. 

Mr.  David  Bispham,  America's  best  loved  baritone,  opened  the 
first  series.  Since  then  other  artists  have  been  heard  in  solo  or 
ensemble  work  of  voice,  strings  and  reeds.  Even  full  orchestras 
have  been  heard  and  twice  have  the  children  heard  the  dainty 
sweet  music  of  the  Harpsichord. 

As  the  music  of  the  community  is  raised  to  a  higher  standard 
so  will  the  mental  and  moral  life  of  the  children  in  the  com- 
munity be  raised.  Berkeley  has  been  the  pioneer  in  this  move- 
ment. Since  the  plan  has  been  so  successful  here,  other  cities  are 
trying  the  same. 

Not  only  have  these  concei'ts  been  a  source  of  great  benefit 
and  enjoyment  to  the  children,  but  each  visiting  artist  has  been 
amazed  and  has  thoroughly  enjoyed  the  rapt  attention  and  keen 
appreciation  of  his  efforts. 

THE  ALLSTON  WAY  SCHOOL. 

This  building  was  erected  in  1898  by  Phil  Sheridan  for  a  little 
more  than  $1,800.  Mr.  Sheridan  was  not  really  the  lowest  bidder 
but  he  was  the  only  one  who  had  enclosed  a  check  for  10  per  cent 
of  the  amount  of  his  bid,  according  to  law.  All  other  bids  were 
rejected  on  this  account.  This  building  was  built  to  relieve  the 
pressure  in  the  6th,  7th  and  8th  grades  in  the  central  part  of  the 


42  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

city.  Departmental  work  was  introduced  and  Latin  under  the 
instruction  of  Mrs.  Hubbard  was  made  an  optional  study  for  the 
8th  trrade. 

In  1899,  this  was  made  a  special  school  for  all  of  the  9th 
grades  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city.  Mr.  Arthur  Elston  was  the 
Principal  and  teacher  of  Mathematics;  Miss  Helen  Gompertz,  (now 
Mrs.  LeConte),  succeeded  Mrs.  Hubbard  as  teacher  of  Latin;  Miss 
Rosemary  Dobbins  was  the  teacher  of  History  and  Miss  Helena 
Curtis  was  the  teacher  of  Eng:lish.  When  the  9th  grade  classes 
were  transferred  to  the  new  high  school  building  on  Grove  Street, 
this  building  was  used  for  other  grades.  A  short  time  before  the 
transfer  was  made  Mr.  Elston  resigned  and  Mr.  Roy  J.  Young 
took  his  place  as  principal  and  teacher  for  half  a  day. 

In  .\ugust.  1901,  after  the  transfer,  Miss  May  Sampson,  now 
Dr.  Sampson,  and  Miss  Margaret  Webb  came  from  the  Whittier 
School  with  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades,  and  Miss  Webb  was 
made  principal.  Later,  Miss  Amelia  Newmark  came  to  the  school 
with  a  sixth  grade.  In  August,  1902,  Miss  Susie  Johnson,  now  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Charities  in  New  York  City,  took  Miss 
Sampson's  place,  and  Miss  Rachel  Lothrop  was  added  to  the 
faculty. 

For  a  time  two  rooms  in  the  Commercial  school  building  were 
used.  Miss  Farwell,  now  of  the  Willard  school,  Miss  Nettie  Meek, 
Miss  Zinie  Kidder  and   Miss  Edna   Robinson  taught  here. 

The  Allston  Way  building  was  sometimes  called  "Fort 
Sumpter." 

After  remaining  closed  for  a  time  the  building  was  leased  to 
Durgin  and  Gompertz  and  used  by  them  for  undertaking  parlors. 

In  1912  the  interior  was  remodeled  and  fitted  up  for  a  general 
administration  building.  Here  are  located  the  Superintendent's 
office,  the  Board  of  Education  rooms,  the  Dental  Clinic,  etc. 

So  this  little  building  has  been  of  great  service  to  both  living 
and  dead  during  the  twenty  years  of  its  existence. 

What  is  now  the  Commercial  department  of  the  High  School 
was  organized  as  a  commercial  school  in  Shattuck  Hall  in  1899, 
with  A.  W.  Atherton  as  principal.  Later,  the  school  was  moved 
to  Golden  Sheaf  Hall  and  when  the  High  School  vacated  the  Kel- 
lojrg  building  and  took  up  its  abode  in  the  new  building  on  Grove 
Street  the  Commercial  School  at  once  made  use  of  the  old  building. 
At  first  the  success  of  the  school  was  varied  owing  to  the  eccen- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  43 

tricities  of  the  principal  in  his  mode  of  management,  but  in  1892. 
Atherton  resig-ned  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Longenecker  took  charge,  and 
from  that  time  success  was  assured.  In  1906,  after  the  earth- 
quake, in  order  to  make  room  for  the  High  School  classes  which 
were  thrown  out  of  the  use  of  their  own  building  for  the  year, 
the  Commercial  classes  were  transferred  to  Wilken's  Hall,  which 
had  been  rented  by  the  Board.  As  this  proved  to  be  wholly  inade- 
quate, in  August  the  school  was  moved  again,  this  time  to  Stiles' 
Hall.  As  the  audience  room  in  the  second  story  was  used  for 
religious  services  on  Sunday,  an  entire  change  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  seats  had  to  be  made  on  Friday  night  and  again  early  on 
Monday  morning.  This  arrangement  was  anything  but  satisfac- 
tory, but  in  January  everything  was  changed  for  the  better  by  the 
return  of  the  Commercial  classes  to  the  old  Kellogg  building. 
In  1909  it  became  in  reality  a  department  of  the  High  School  and 
was  transferred  to  the  new  building  on  Allston  Way.  It  has  be- 
come one   of  the  most  efficient  and   popular  departments. 

"The  Commercial  Department  aims  to  train  for  certain  busi- 
ness pursuits.  The  courses  offered  are  planned  to  give  thorough 
training  to  stenographers  and  office  employees.  Students  who  ex- 
pect to  follow  other  business  vocations  can  profitably  take  most  of 
the  courses;  for  the  fundamentals  of  business  are  alike  in  all  fields, 
and  these  fundamentals  are  the  basis  of  department  courses. 
Clear,  forcible  English,  legible  penmanship,  accurate  computations, 
good  type-writing,  sound  business  judgment,  and  a  knowledge  of 
business  procedure  and  practice  are  necessities  in  all  fields  of  busi- 
ness. Students  intending  to  enter  the  University  will  usually  find 
some  of  the  commercial  courses  of  more  than  ordinary  value. 
Type-writing  and  stenography  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Eng- 
lish may  be  made  the  means  of  earning  one's  way  through  college. 

"The  courses  as  arranged  in  this  department  are  intensely 
thorough  and  practical.  All  of  the  most  approved  methods  are  em- 
ployed, with  the  result  that  our  Commercial  Department  is  as  good 
as  the  best. 

"The  system  of  banking  and  of  keeping  the  accounts  of  the  re- 
ceipts and  disbursements  of  all  school  moneys  is  simple  but 
accurate.  Every  branch  of  instruction  in  this  as  well  as  of  all 
of  the  departments  of  the  school,  is  in  the  immediate  charge  of 
experts  in  every  particular  line  of  work  and  the  results  have  given 
the  community  a  school  second  to  none  in  the  state." 


44  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  V 
THE  SUPERINTENDENTS 

In  1884,  Prof.  W.  Gary  Jones  served  for  nearly  one  month. 

In  1897,  Mr.  F.  E.  Perham  came  from  Santa  Ana  in  response 
to  a  unanimous  call  from  the  Board,  as  they  now  realized  that  the 
welfare  of  the  department  demanded  the  entire  time  of  an  expert 
in  superintending  the  work,  one  who  could  give  his  entire  time  to 
supervision.  Up  to  this  time,  the  principal  of  the  High  School 
had  indirect  charge  of  all  the  other  schools,  and  the  questions 
pertaining  to  supplies,  repairs  and  all  other  matters  of  general 
value  to  the  schools  were  passed  up  to  him.  Mr.  Perham  brought 
many  excellent  things  to  the  department.  The  course  of  study 
was  enlarged  and  modernized,  especial  attention  being  given  to 
Reading  and  Literature.  The  general  English  course  as  out- 
lined by  Mr.  Perham  has  been  the  basis  of  the  English  course 
in  the  grades  ever  since.  In  1899,  he  became  Principal  of  the 
Stockton  High  School  and  Mr.  S.  D.  Waterman  was  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy. 

Mr.  Waterman  served  from  1899  until  1908,  a  term  of  9  years. 
During  his  term  the  modern  High  School  was  developed  and  the 
work  begun  by  the  former  superintendent  was  continued.  Modern 
language  courses.  Music,  Art,  Domestic  Science,  Domestic  Arts 
and  Manual  Training  found  a  welcome.  It  required  incessant 
labor  and  persistent  effort  to  secure  the  adoption  of  these  branches 
that  had  now  become  essentials,  but  one  by  one  they  came,  and 
furnished  an  excellent  foundation  for  the  present  course.  The 
active  co-operation  of  principals  and  teachers  and  the  hearty  sup- 
port of  the  Board  of  Education  during  these  years  made  the  suc- 
ce.i8  of  the  schools  a  reality  rather  than  a  possibility.  As  the 
adoption  of  these  branches  was  extended  to  the  lower  grades  a 
more  complete  account  of  the  adoption  of  each  will  be  found 
under  the  proper  heads. 

After  the  earthquake  of  April  18th,  1906.  the  work  of  the 
superintendent  was  doubled.     It  had  been   for  a  long  time  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  45 

custom  of  the  Board  to  refer  many  things  that  the  regular  com- 
mittees ought  to  have  attended  to,  to  the  superintendent  "with 
power  to  act." 

Looking  after  defective  sewers,  broken  stove  pipes,  furnaces 
that  gave  insufficient  heat,  and  crippled  furniture  and  other  work 
of  this  sort,  instead  of  being  a  Superintendent  pure  and  simple, 
in  addition  to  the  legitimate  work  of  the  Executive  officer  of  the 
Board,  rendered  the  position  anything  but  easy. 

Then,  at  this  time  the  influx  from  San  Francisco  and  the 
crippled  condition  of  our  own  department  caused  additional 
labor. 

So  the  Superintendent  in  addition  to  the  regular  duties  of 
supervising  the  educational  affairs  of  the  schools  became  a  sort  of 
"Roust  About"  for  the  Board.  It  was  often  difficult  to  find  the 
proper  person  to  do  work  that  had  to  be  done  "at  once"  and  it 
was  often  easier  and  more  expeditious  to  do  the  work  one's  self, 
than  to  spend  the  time  trying  to  find  someone  to  do  it. 

To  illustrate :  One  Saturday  before  the  opening  of  the  school 
on  Monday  following  the  Christmas  vacation,  the  Superintendent 
spent  the  morning  in  taking  up  the  desks  in  one  of  the  rooms  in 
the  Seventh  Street  School  building.  In  the  afternoon  of  the  same 
day,  with  the  assistance  of  the  janitor  these  desks  were  fastened 
down  in  their  proper  places  in  the  Franklin  School  ready  for  use 
on  the  following  Monday.  This  work  was  not,  and  should  not 
have  been,  a  part  of  the  Superintendent's  billet,  but  it  came  as  a 
result  of  referring  "with  power  to  act." 

Mr.  Waterman  resigned  one  year  before  the  expiration  of 
his  term,  to  take  the  principalship  of  the  Whittier  School.  Presi- 
dent Lewis  of  the  School  Board  in  his  annual  report  in  June,  1908, 
referring  to  this  action,  used  the  following  language: 

"After  18  years  of  faithful  service,  Mr.  Waterman  in  accord- 
ance with  his  own  wishes  retires  from  the  Superintendency  to  be- 
come the  Principal  of  the  Whittier  School,  where  the  work  is  less 
exacting  and  where,  above  all  else,  he  can  come  into  closer  con- 
tact with  the  children." 

Mr.  F.  F.  Bunker,  assistant  Superintendent  of  the  Los  Angeles 
City  Schools,  was  elected  to  succeed  him.  At  once  Mr.  Bunker  was 
given  all  the  additional  help  required  in  the  office  so  that  he  was 
enabled  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  the  real  work  of  a  super- 
intendent.    His  training,  energy,  and  success  in  the   North  and 


46  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

elsewhere  gave  every  assurance  of  success  here.  The  superinten- 
dent's office  was  moved  from  2171  Shattuck  Avenue,  to  more 
commodious  rooms  in  the  new  High  School  building  on  Allston 
Way.  At  the  request  of  Mr.  Bunker,  the  Board  appointed  Miss 
.Alma  Patterson,  supervisor  of  the  Elementary  schools,  in  1910. 
She  ser^•ed  for  only  two  years,  having  accepted  a  call  to  a  larger 
field  of  work. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Hoag  was  appointed  Director  of  Physical  Culture  and 
Hygiene,  and  served  from  1909  until  1912. 

Wilford  W.  Nichols  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Board  in 
July,  1909.     He  resigned  to  go  into  business  in  February,  1910. 

In  1910,  upon  the  recommendation  of  Mr.  Bunker,  Mr.  M.  C. 
James  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education  and 
Deputy  Superintendent.  Mr.  James  held  this  office  until  he  was 
elected  Superintendent  in  1912.  Mr.  Brink  succeeded  Mr.  James 
as  Principal  of  the  High  School. 

Early  in  1912,  a  majority  of  the  Board  consisting  of  Mrs. 
Carlisle,  Mr.  H.  I.  Stern  and  Mr.  J.  A.  Wilson,  notified  Mr.  Bunker 
formally  that  he  would  not  be  re-elected.  In  a  communication 
addressed  to  the  Board,  Mr.  Bunker  refused  to  withdraw  from  the 
candidacy.  He  appealed  to  the  people  in  an  attempt  to  recall 
these  members  and  was  defeated.  Mr.  James  became  Superinten- 
dent in  1912,  and  was  re-elected  in  1916.  His  administration  is 
fair  and  conservative,  and  the  general  management  has  never 
been  more  successful  and  satisfactory  than  it  has  been  since  1912. 
Even  during  the  period  of  rapid  grow^th  and  the  chronic  shortage 
of  funds  every  demand  upon  the  ability  and  judgment  of  the 
Superintendent  has  been  most  satisfactorily  met. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


47 


CHAPTER   VI 
THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOL  BOARD 


Prof.  Martin  Kellogg,  Martin  Dale,  William  H.  Johnson,  Henry 
Bruns,  and  Prof.  W.  B.  Rising,  composed  the  first  School  Board, 
organized  in  1878.  Since  that  time  until  the  year  1895,  the 
following  named  gentlemen,  in  addition  to  those  above  named 
served  on  the  Board  at  different  times: 

H.  A.  Palmer  George  A.  Norton 

W.  Bunce  Chris  Johnson 

J.  W.  Byxbee  W.  B.  Stevens 

Geo.  W.  Dornin  C.  H.  Burr 

Chauncey  Gaines  B.  F.   Bergen 

J.  J.  Braman  J.  B.  Henley 

H.  C.  Kastens  R.  W.  Andrews 

H.  McGaskill  Dr.  J.  S.  Eastman 

C.  W.  Wright  Dr.  Frank  B.  Cone 

Fairfax  H.  Wheelan  John  Squires 

Samuel  Heyward  John  Finn 

William  McCleave  A.  L.  Ott 

M.  C.  Chapman  C.  Engebretsen 

J.  W.  Richards  J.  W.  Kline 

Geo.  M.  Robertson  Henry  W.  Taylor 

H.  B.  Berryman  Edw.  Niehaus 

Geo.  Jebens  George  Swain 

Philip  Teare 
By  the  adoption  of  the  charter  in  1895,  a  change  was  made  in 
the  School  Board,  the  number  being  increased  from  6  to  7,  one 
from  each  ward.     From  1895  to  1909  the  wards  were  represented 
as  follows: 

First  Ward. 

George  M.  Robertson 1895-1899 

W.  K.  Weir 1899-1907 

Dr.  Farrar 1907-1909 


48  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

Second  Ward. 

Prof.  E.  J.  Wickson 1895-1905 

Prof.  E.  P.  Lewis 1905-1909 

Third  Ward. 

P.  R.  Boone 1895-1899 

J.  R.  Little 1899-1903 

W.  A.  L.  Knowles 1903-1906 

R.  T.  Crawford 1906-1909 

Fourth  Ward. 

Georpe  Swain 1895-1896 

H.  L.  Tisdale 1896-1899 

Dr.  W.  Allen 1899-1905 

H.  S.  Haseltine 1905-1907 

Roy  J.  Young 1907-1909 

Fifth  Ward. 

George  A.  Norton 1895-1896 

J.  S.  Crew 1896-1899 

A.  T.  Sutherland 1899-1909 

Sixth  Ward 

E.  F.   Niehaus 1895-1901 

J.  J.   Donohue 1901-1905 

E.   L.   Loring 1905-1909 

Seventh  Ward. 

C.   Engebretsen 1895-1899 

George  H.  Phillips 1899-1905 

Wm.  J.  Schmidt 1903-1907 

J.  J.  Donohue 1907-1909 

Under  the  present  charter  which  went  into  effect  in  1909,  the 
Board  has  consisted  of  five  members,  four  elected  at  large,  and 
the  Commissioner  of  Finance  who  is  an  ex-officio  member  of  the 
School  Board.  The  first  Board  under  this  charter  consisted  of 
the  following  members:  Prof.  Morgan,  R.  A.  Berry,  ex-officio, 
R.  J.  Young.  E.  L.  Loring,  and  Mrs.  Elinor  Carlisle.  The  next 
election  made  some  changes  in  the  personnel  of  the  Board.  The 
new  Board  consisted  of  H.  I.  Stern,  President,  Prof.  Morgan,  R.  J. 
Young,  Mrs.  Carlisle  and  Mr.  J.  A.  Wilson,  ex-officio.  This  Board 
failed  to  re-elect  Mr.  Bunker.  After  the  recall  failed  to  carry, 
directors  Morgan  and  Young  resigned  from  the  Board.  Mr. 
Herbert  Briggs  was  appointed  in  place  of  Morgan,  and  Mr.  Frank 
He>'ward  was  appointed  in  the  place  of  Young.     The  Board  then 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  49 

consisted  of  Mi-s.  Carlisle,  Messrs  Stern,  Heyward,  Brij^gs,  and 
Wilson  ex-officio.  Mrs.  Carlisle  resigned  in  February,  1913,  and 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Witter  was  appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
ending  in  April.  At  the  April  election,  Mrs.  Moody  was  elected 
to  fill  Mrs.  Witter's  place.  Directors  Briggs  and  Heyward  retired 
from  the  Board  and  their  places  were  filled  by  Mrs.  Elvina  Beals 
and  Dr.  Roy  I.  Woolsey. 

In  1915,  Mr.  Walter  A.  Gompertz  became  ex-officio  a  member 
of  the  Board,  and  Mrs.  Carrie  H.  Gibbs  and  Prof.  W.  B.  Herms 
succeeded  Mrs.  Moody  and  Mr.  Stern. 

In  December,  1916,  the  Board  consisted  of  the  following: 

Prof.  W.  R.  Herms,  President 

W.  A.  Gompertz,  ex-officio 

Dr.  Roy  I.  Woolsey 

Mrs.  Elvina  Beals 

Mrs.  Carrie  H.  Gibbs 
Since  July  1st,  1917,  the  following  has  been  the  status  of  the 
Board: 

Prof.  W.  B.  Herms,  President 

W.  A.  Gompertz,  ex-officio 

Dr.  Roy  I.  Woolsey 

Mrs.  Ida  M.  Blochman 

Mrs.  Carrie  H.  Gibbs 
Mr.   George  P.  Baxter  was  elected   Commissioner  of  Finance 
and  thus  he  becomes  ex-officio    a    member    of    the  School  Board 
in  place  of  Mr.  Gompertz,  who  resigned  in  November,  1917. 

Prof.  Herms  entered  the  military  service  of  the  LTnited  States, 
and  Dr.  Roy  I.  Woolsey  was  elected  President  of  the  Board.  The 
vacancy  in  the  Board  was  filled  by  the  appointment  of  Prof.  W.  W. 
Kemp. 


50  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  VII 
BONDS  AND  SPECIAL  TAX 

In  1889,  and  again  in  1890,  the  question  of  bonding  the  town 
for  school  purposes  was  agitated,  but  nothing  definite  was  done 
until  1891,  when  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $50,000  were  issued  and 

sold. 

The  following  lots  were  purchased: 

Corner  of  Virginia  and  Milvia  Streets. 
Corner  of  Ninth  and  Page  Streets. 
Corner  of  Eighth  Street  and  Allston  Way. 
Corner  of  Ellsworth  and  Russell  Streets. 
University  Avenue,  below  Sacramento. 
Dwight  Way,  near  Dana. 
The  contract  for  the  erection  of  three  six-room  buildings,  the 
Whittier,  the  Columbus  and  the  Le  Conte,  was  let  on  the  23rd  of 
June  and  these  buildings  were  completed  and  occupied  in  the  fall 
of  1892. 

In  April,  1896,  a  proposition  for  bonding  for  the  sum  of  $60,- 
000  was  lost  by  the  following  vote: 

For 637 

Against 422 

Irregular 7 

Total 1066 

Necessary  to  carry 711 

On  March  26th,  1898,  a  special  bond  election  for  $60,000  was 
lost  by  the  following  vote: 

For 581 

Against 528 

Irregular 28 

Total 1137 

Necessary  to  carry 759 

On  March  6th,  1900,  Director  Little  reported  that  the  Board 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  51 

of  Town  Trustees  had  been  asked  to  call  an  election  for  $100,00: 
$70,000  for  the  High  School  and  $30,000  for  the  Elementary 
schools.  This  election  was  held  on  May  8th,  1900.  The  Primary 
and  Grammar  School  proposition  carried  and  the  High  School 
proposition  was  defeated.  (This  was  a  Municipal  and  not  a  School 
Board  proposition.) 

On  January  2Gth,  1906,  bonds  for  $320,000  were  carried  by 
the  following  vote: 

$200,000 — High  School For,  576;  Against,  267. 

100,000 — Elementary For,  666;  Against,  176. 

20,000 — Repairs  to  High  School.. ..For,  713;  Against,  132. 

The  success  of  this  election  was  assured  by  the  active  assist- 
ance of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  "Committee  of  40." 
The  $160,000  for  the  elementary  school  bonds  included  Manual 
Training  and  Domestic  Science.     (This  is  important  to  remember.) 

On  February  25th,  1905,  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $150,000 
were  carried  by  the  following  vote: 

For 881 

Against 198 

Early  in  1907  a  proposition  for  $200,000  for  elementary 
schools  and  $50,000  to  finish  the  High  School  Auditorium  failed 
to  carry  by  the  following  vote: 

For 645 

Against 353 

Immediately  afterwards  another  election  for  a  like  amount 
was  carried  as  follows: 

$200,000  for  Elementary  Schools For,  2083 ;  Against,  845. 

50,000  for  repairs  to  High  School For,  2068;  Against,  851. 

On  May  6th,  1911,  a  bond  election  for  $400,000  as  follows 
was  defeated: 

Grammar    Schools $320,000— For,   1047;   Against,   1307 

High  School 50,000 — For,   1175;  Against,   1284 

Kindergartens    30,000 — For,     900;  Against,   1567 

On  the  14th  of  February,  1914,  a  bond  election  for  $1,320,000 
was  lost.     The  vote  was  as  follows: 
$1,080,000 — Elementary  For,  4319;  Against,   2692 

240,000— High    School For,  4235;  Against,   2700 

On  January  15th,  1915,  Municipal  bonds  for  $500,000  were 
carried,  and  lots  were  purchased  as  follows: 


52  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

Claremont for  John  Muir  School 

Orejron  Street for  the  Edison  School 

University  Avenue for  the  Burbank  School 

Rose  Street for  the  Garfield  School 

Telegraph  Avenue for  the  Willard  School 

The  vote  was  as  follows For,   6235;  Against,   2465. 

Receipts. 

Sale  of  bonds $500,000.00 

Premium    12,857.00 

Sale  of  old  buildings 4,100.50 

From  city  general  fund 22,527.25 

Total $539,485.45 

Disbursements. 

For  lots $215,909.47 

For  buildings 289,938.49 

For   equipment 18,659.00 

Total $524,506.96 

Balance  on  hand  June  30th,  1916 $14,978.49 

This  sum  was  left  for  grading,  furnishing  and  equipment.  In 
addition  to  this,  the  plans  for  the  Garfield  School  call  for  six 
rooms  in  the  second  story,  but  shortage  of  funds  compelled  the 
Board  either  to  delay  the  completion  of  this  building,  or  to  run 
short  of  funds  for  equipping  the  buildings  already  completed.  It 
was  determined  to  use  the  money  for  equipment,  and  thus  the 
mo.st  rapidly  growing  part  of  Berkeley,  must  be  handicapped  for 
neces.sary  school  accommodations  until  some  time  in  the  dim  future 
when  the  finances  of  the  Board  are  in  condition  to  warrant  the 
necessary  expenditure. 

OUTSTANDING  INDEBTEDNESS. 
July  1st,   1917. 

Municipal  Bonds. 

January-July,  1900 $100,000  $  60,000 

January.    1915 500,000  475,000 

High  School  Bonds. 

1907— For  new  building $200,000  $100,000 

For  repairs  to  old  bldgs.     20,000  10,000 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  53 

1908 — For  finishing?  auditorium     50,000  40,000 


Total  High  School  bonds  outstanding $151,000 

Grammar  School  Bonds. 

1906  $150,000  $115,000 

1907  100,000  77,500 

1908  200,000  160,000 


Total  Grammar  School  Bonds  outstanding $352,500 

SPECIAL  TAX. 

Immediately  after  the  bond  election  of  April,  1896,  which 
failed  to  carry,  the  Board  called  for  an  election  for  a  special  tax 
for  $22,500.  The  election  was  held  May  16th,  1896,  and  was 
carried  by  the  following  vote:  For,  560;  Against,  208. 

On  May  16th,  1903,  a  special  tax  election  for  $25,000  was 
carried  by  the  following  vote:     For,  409;  Against,  61. 

This  money  was  for  building  additional  rooms  at  the  Whittier, 
Le  Conte,  and  McKinley  Schools,  and  the  purchase  of  a  lot  east 
of  College  Avenue  and  south  of  Dwight  Way.  A  lot  on  Russ 
Street  was  purchased,  and  afterwards  exchanged  for  the  present 
site  of  the  Emerson  School,  corner  of  Forrest  and  Piedmont 
Avenues. 


54  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  VIII 
MUSIC 

As  early  as  1880,  Mr.  Starr  proposed  to  teach  singing  in  all  the 
schools  for  $30  a  month.  For  a  number  of  years  the  individual 
teachers  did  what  they  could,  but  finally  it  became  evident  to  all 
that  more  definite  outline  work  must  be  arranged  in  order  to 
secure  anything  like  the  best  results.  The  Superintendent  and 
those  members  of  the  Board  who  favored  supervision  in  Music, 
and  Drawing  as  well,  worked  patiently  for  years  to  bring  about 
the  election  of  Supervisors.  Miss  Gearhart  had  been  elected  to 
the  Department  of  Drawing  the  year  before.  The  election  of  a 
Supervisor  of  Music  came  about  very  unexpectedly  as  the  proposi- 
tion had  already  been  passed  upon  by  the  Board  and  had  been 
voted  down. 

The  Superintendent  was  sitting  in  his  office  one  morning  when 
a  lady  walked  briskly  in,  and  it  was  evident  from  her  manner 
that  business  was  at  hand.  Conversation  something  as  follows 
took  place: 

LADY:  "Is  this  Mr.  Waterman,  the  Superintendent  of 
Schools?" 

MR.  W. :  "The  same.  I  am  pleased  to  meet  you.  Please  be 
seated." 

LADY:  "I  am  Mrs.  Sweesy,  of  Pasadena.  I  have  been  at- 
tending summer  school  in  Chicago.  Miss  Gearhart,  your  Super- 
visor of  Drawing  has  been  with  me  and  she  urged  me  to  visit 
Berkeley  on  my  way  home  and  apply  for  the  position  as  Super- 
visor of  Music  in  Berkeley. 

"We  have  worked  together  in  Pasadena  for  years,  and  I  am 
Hure  that  the  city  will  get  more  than  value  received  if  we  can 
work  together  in  this  beautiful  city,  each  in  her  own  chosen  field." 
MR.  W.:  "Well,  Mrs.  Sweesy,  I  am  very  sorry,  but  I  am 
quite  sure  that  there  is  not  the  ghost  of  a  chance  now.  The 
Board  have  just  voted  the  proposition  down  and  I  feel  that  their 
action  is  final,  at  least  for  the  present  year." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  55 

MRS.  S. :  "I  should  like  very  much  to  meet  some  of  the  mem- 
bers of  your  Board.  Perhaps,  if  there  is  no  opportunity  for  the 
present  year,  there  may  be  later." 

MR.  W. :  "I  shall  be  pleased  to  introduce  you  to  the  mem- 
bers that  we  can  find,  but  they  are  all  busy  men  and  the  Board 
meets  tonight,  and  this  is  the  time  to  'make  hay.'  I  will  do  all 
in  my  power  to  secure  a  reversal  of  their  vote." 

Mrs.  Sweesy  had  remarkable  success  in  Pasadena  and  pre- 
sented most  telling  credentials,  and  more  important  than  all  else 
she  has  a  very  convincing  personality.  After  the  formality  of  an 
introduction,  and  a  brief  statement  of  the  case,  Mr.  Little,  who 
was  the  President  of  the  Board  asked,  "Well,  Mrs.  Sweesy,  what 
will  this  hilarity  cost  us?"  Her  reply,  that  she  always  expected 
her  employers  to  name  the  compensation,  secured  his  support  and 
following  his  advice  she  met  as  many  of  the  Board  as  possible,  and 
that  night  was  elected  unanimously.  Director  Sutherland,  a 
musician  himself,  and  always  a  firm  supporter  of  the  idea  of 
good  supervision,  in  an  earnest  appeal  urged  the  Board  not  to 
allow  an  opportunity  of  securing  what  the  department  had  needed 
for  so  long  a  time  to  pass  by  without  favorable  action. 

For  five  years  Mrs.  Sweesy's  work  was  of  the  most  efficient 
type.  She  established  the  department  upon  a  firm  basis,  and  when 
she  retired  all  who  were  familiar  with  the  situation  felt  that  the 
schools  had  lost  a  valuable  helper.  Some  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  who  were  really  in  favor  of  retrenchment,  felt  that  this 
was  their  opportunity.  They  tried  to  have  the  work  carried  on 
by  the  Grade  teachers  independently,  but  finally  they  were  in- 
duced to  re-establish  the  Department  of  Vocal  Music,  and  Miss 
Victorine  Hartley  was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy,  in  1906. 

The  following  extract  is  taken  from  the  report  of  the  Super- 
intendent for  the  year  ending  June  30th,  1906: 

"The  work  in  Music  under  the  supervision  of  Mrs.  Sweesy  has 
been  all  that  could  reasonably  be  expected.  When  we  sum  up 
the  results  of  her  labors  with  the  children  of  Berkeley,  the 
success  of  her  efforts  is  apparent.  We  have  choruses  and  two 
or  three  part  songs  rendered  by  the  school  children  in  a  manner 
that  cannot  be  excelled  in  the  State.  It  is  with  great  regi-et  that 
we  have  received  her  resignation  from  the  position  she  has  filled 
so  acceptably  for  years. 

"I  respectfully  urge  upon  the  Board  the  necessity  of  providing 


56  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

a  supen'isor  for  this  department  as  soon  as  the  proper  person 
can  be  found.  We  cannot  afford,  as  a  department  which  claims 
to  be  at  all  pro^-essive,  to  neglect  this.  If  the  members  of  the 
Board  individually  knew  exactly  what  music  is  doing,  and  has 
already  done  for  the  schools,  there  would  be  no  dissenting  voice. 
The  teachers  of  the  department  understand  fully  the  value  of 
singinjr  in  the  school,  as  a  civilizer,  a  character-builder,  and  a 
disciplinary  agent,  and  they  are  a  unit  for  supervision.  It  trains 
the  eye  arid  ear,  strengthens  and  modifies  the  voice,  thus  aiding 
materially  in  making  good  readers  and  speakers,  and  is  a  neces- 
sary factor  in  developing  the  best  that  is  in  the  boy  or  girl.  Be- 
sides this,  it  is  general  in  its  practice.  There  is  hardly  a  pupil  in 
any  of  our  classes  who  does  not  hail  with  delight  the  exercise  in 
singing. 

"Music  and  Drawing  are  among  the  branches  that  must  be 
taught.  The  State  law  fixes  this  beyond  question.  How  to  pro- 
vide the  most  effective  instruction  in  these  branches  is  what  we 
are  called  upon  to  determine.  I  am  convinced  that  careful  super- 
vision by  experts  is  the  only  means  by  which  the  best  result  can  be 
secured,  and  I  hope  that  very  soon  the  Board  may  be  able  to 
provide  adequate  supervision  in  each  of  these  departments." 

During  the  year  1904,  under  Mrs.  Sweesy's  management,  a  con- 
cert was  given  by  nearly  1000  children,  in  the  Greek  Theater,  the 
use  of  which  was  kindly  given  by  Pres.  Wheeler.  By  this  con- 
cert, over  $700  were  secured  for  the  children's  room  of  the  new 
Carnegie  Library.  The  children  presented  a  fine  clock  to  the 
juvenile  room  in  commemoration  of  this  concert. 

Mi.<?s  Hartley  has  organized  her  department  thoroughly,  and 
with  her  corps  of  excellent  workers  in  the  different  schools  the 
music  department  of  the  Berkeley  Schools  has  received  recognition 
which  extends  beyond  the  boundaries  of  our  own  state.  Miss 
Hartley's  estimate  of  the  condition  of  her  department  at  the  end 
of  her  first  year's  work,  may  best  appear  from  the  following 
extract  from  her  report  to  the  Superintendent: 

"In  accordance  with  your  request,  I  herewith  submit  a  report 
of  the  work  done  in  the  Music  Department  of  the  Berkeley  Schools 
during  the  year  ending  June  7,  1907.  During  this  time  many  new 
conditions  have  interfered  with  the  progress  of  this,  as  well  as  of 
other  departments.  Half-day  sessions  in  some  of  the  schools;  the 
clo8ing  of  others  on  account  of  sickness;  a  continual  changing  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  57 

the  personnel  in  the  different  classes;  admission  of  many  new 
pupils  without  any  musical  knowledge;  frequent  changes  in  the 
teaching  body,  and  a  new  supervisor;  all  these  things  have  made 
more  perplexing  the  solutions  of  the  problems,  which  have,  how- 
ever, been  patiently  worked  out  by  the  teachers  and,  on  the 
whole,  the  work  has  been  well  done. 

"As  far  as  possible,  we  have  continued  the  work  carried  on 
by  the  former  Supervisor,  Mrs.  Sweesy.  One  change,  however, 
has  been  made.  Instead  of  having  glee  clubs  in  the  different 
schools,  choruses  (grouping  together  pupils  of  the  third  and 
fourth  grades,  those  of  the  fifth  and  sixth,  and  those  of  the  seventh 
and  eighth)  have  been  established  as  a  part  of  the  regular  work. 
Nothing  disciplines  so  well  as  good  chorus  singing  under  a  good 
conductor.  It  has  been  a  pleasure,  too,  for  it  has  been  looked 
forward  to  and  asked  for  by  the  children.  This  work,  however, 
has  been  hampered  by  a  lack  of  seating  accommodations.  Every 
school  building  should  have  a  large  assembly  hall  for  occasions  of 
this  kind.  The  Board  of  Education  has  placed  chairs  in  the  hall- 
ways of  some  buildings  and  has  had  large  doors  cut  between 
rooms  in  other  schools,  but  in  still  other  buildings  there  are  no 
such  accommodations,  and  here  the  children  have  uncomplainingly 
stood  during  the  chorus  period." 

By  the  efforts  of  the  Supervisor,  the  teachers  and  pupils  and 
Mothers'  Clubs,  each  school  has  been  supplied  with  Pianos,  Vic- 
trolas  and  Records.  The  Board  has  purchased  Grand  Pianos  for 
the  Intermediate  Schools,  also  an  Edison  Phonograph  for  each. 
In  all  the  larger  schools,  orchestras  have  been  organized. 


58  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER   IX 
DRAWING 

The  schools  were  without  supervision  in  either  Drawing  or 
Music  for  a  long  time.  Some  time  prior  to  1900,  Miss  Mary  L. 
Brehm  was  appointed  to  teach  Drawing  in  the  High  School  and  to 
instruct  the  grade  teachers  after  school  hours.  Miss  Adelaide 
Hanscom  was  also  employed  for  a  time,  but  when  Miss  Brehm 
retired  from  the  department  those  members  of  the  Board  who 
were  opposed,  on  general  principles,  to  any  form  of  supervision 
thought  that  the  Fates  had  presented  the  opportunity  of  ridding 
the  schools  of  a  nuisance  and  at  the  same  time  of  saving  expense. 
After  an  earnest  effort  to  work  through  the  regular  teachers,  the 
plan  of  supervision  was  adopted. 

In  1900  the  Board  elected  Miss  May  Gearhart,  of  Pasadena, 
to  supervise  the  Art  work  in  the  Berkeley  schools.  (Art  work* 
now,  if  you  please.)  Miss  Gearhart  appeared  in  person  before  the 
Board  and  her  manner  was  so  earnest  and  her  knowledge  of  her 
subject  so  apparent  that  she  received  the  unanimous  vote  of  the 
Board. 

Her  work  was  of  the  very  highest  order,  and  it  is  no  reflection 
upon  the  successful  labors  of  those  who  have  since  been  at  the 
head  of  this  work,  to  give  Miss  Gearhart  full  credit  for  three 
years  of  most  efficient  and  successful  supervision.  She  used  un- 
limited energy  and  tact  seldom  equaled  in  any  line  of  school  work, 
and  when  she  left  us  for  a  larger  field,  we  felt  that  there  would 
be  great  difficulty  in  filling  her  place.  She  left  the  schools  of 
Berkeley  beloved  by  all,  teachers,  pupils,  and  patrons. 

She  was  succeeded  by  Miss  Grace  Dawson,  who  filled  the 
position  with  dignity,  but  with  a  labored  success,  owing  to  the 
great  popularity  of  her  predecessor.  After  Miss  Dawson  resigned, 
on  motion  of  Dr.  Loring,  the  Department  of  Drawing  under 
especial  supervision  was  abolished.  In  1906,  upon  the  earnest 
recommendation  of  the  Superintendent,  Miss  Zinie  Kidder  became 
Supervisor.     Her  efforts  have  been  successful,  though  we  cannot 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  59 

compare  the  results  with  those  obtained  during  Miss  Gearhart's 
term,  for  many  reasons.  Chief  among  these  is  the  fact  that  when 
the  department  was  organized,  of  course,  everything  was  new,  and 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  Supervisor,  the  newness  of  the  subject  and 
the  original  method  of  presentation  insured  success  from  the  start. 
The  following  is  from  the  Superintendent's  report  dated  July 
1st,  1907: 

Drawing. 

"Miss  Kidder's  work  has  been  excellent.  She  has  gained  the 
support  of  the  teachers  and  the  love  and  esteem  of  the  pupils.  In 
conjunction  with  the  Supervisor  of  Manual  Training,  the  work  has 
been  so  correlated  for  the  Primary  Grades  that  we  may  expect  ex- 
cellent results.  Her  work  has  been  earnest  and  thorough.  The 
training  that  the  children  are  receiving  in  this  necessary  branch 
of  instruction  is  of  the  best.  Drawing,  carefully  taught,  is  an 
excellent  sort  of  Manual  Training  in  itself.  It  trains  the  hand  and 
the  eye  and  develops  habits  of  exactness  and  neatness,  and  these 
habits,  thus  formed,  appear  in  every  phase  of  school  life." 

In  1909,  Mr.  F.  H.  Meyer  was  made  a  sort  of  "Inspector  Gen- 
eral" of  the  Art  work  in  all  the  schools.  His  work  in  this  con- 
nection was  discontinued  at  the  end  of  one  year. 


60  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  X 
MANUAL  TRAINING 

In  his  annual  report  to  the  Board  for  the  year  ending  June 
30th.  1904,  the  Superintendent  made  the  following  recommen- 
dation: . 

"I  earnestly  ask  the  Board  to  at  least  investigate  the  advisa- 
bility of  making  Manual  Training  a  part  of  our  school  curriculum. 
In  this,  as  in  every  other  department  of  school  work,  the  person- 
ality of  the  teacher  is  the  important  factor.  I  am  firmly  of  the 
opinion  that  the  right  kind  of  Manual  Training  under  the  right 
kind  of  supervision  would  be  of  almost  inestimable  benefit  to  our 
community.  But  it  will  be  far  better  to  leave  it  out  forever  than 
to  start  the  wrong  system,  or  to  start  under  any  but  the  very 
best  of  teachers  and  equipment." 

In  accordance  with  this  recommendation,  the  members  of  the 
Board  began  a  careful  investigation  of  methods  and  results  in  the 
neighboring  cities.  Sixth,  seventh  and  eighth  grade  classes  were 
allowed  to  visit  the  Manual  Training  work  in  San  Francisco  under 
the  guidance  of  the  Superintendent  or  the  Principal,  the  chief 
abject  being  to  awaken  public  interest  in  the  proposition.  As  a 
result  of  this  preliminary  work  Mr.  R.  J.  Leonard  was  elected 
Supervisor  of  Manual  Training  on  October  9th,  1906,  his  duties  to 
begin  January  1st,  1907.  The  erection  and  equipment  of  suitable 
rooms  at  several  of  the  larger  schools  had  been  provided  for  in 
a  bond  issue  which  carried  by  a  large  majority. 

The  details  of  fitting  these  rooms  and  the  arrangements  for 
putting  the  work  into  operation  was  given  to  Mr.  Leonard.  At 
about  the  same  time,  Miss  Bertha  Prentiss,  of  Pomona,  was  elected 
Supervisor  of  Domestic  Science,  and  the  details  of  fitting  the 
rooms  and  of  preparing  outlines  for  work  in  this  department  were 
(iriven  to  her. 

Ar  a  result  of  this  preliminary  work,  the  rooms  recently  built 
at  the  Whittier,  the  Le  Conte,  the  Franklin  and  the  Lincoln  schools 
were  fitted  up  in  first  class  style.     The  second  story  of  the  Haste 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  61 

Street  building  on  the  McKinley  School  lot  was  utilized  for  this 
work.  These  Supervisors  proceeded  at  once  to  outline  the  work 
for  all  of  the  grades,  and  the  outline  as  first  prepared  is  essentially 
the  same  as  the  one  in  use  at  the  present  time.  The  following 
from  Mr.  Leonard's  report  to  the  Superintendent  of  Schools  for 
the  year  ending  June  7,  1907,  is  of  interest  as  showing  the  careful 
planning  of  the  work  which  was  carried  on  so  successfully  during 
his  four  years  of  service : 

"We  must  recognize  the  first  and  foremost  aim  of  Manual 
Training  to  be,  mental  unfolding  and  development  through  care- 
fully directed  self-activity;  second,  the  acquiring  of  information 
concerning  forces  about  us  which  are  factors  in  our  industrial 
life;  third,  the  development  of  manual  dexterity,  or  training  the 
hand  to  execute  what  the  mind  directs.  With  these  thoughts  in 
mind,  it  is  plain  to  see  what  qualifications  manual  teachers  should 
possess.  They  must  first  have  professional  training  such  as  is 
given  in  a  Normal  School  or  University.  Coupled  with  this  must 
be  thorough  training  along  mechanical  lines.  The  work  in  the 
upper  grades  will  be  carried  on  by  such  teachers.  They  have  al- 
ready been  employed,  and  will  begin  work  with  the  new  term. 

The  work  in  the  lower  grades  will  be  given  in  the  class  room  by 
the  regular  teacher,  under  the  direction  of  the  Supervisor. 

Course  of  Study. 

The  course  of  study  is  herein  presented  in  outline  form: 

Grades:  1st  and  2nd. — Time,  one  hour  per  week. 

Simplified  paper  and  cardboard  construction,  together  with 
raffia,  yarn  and  rag  weaving. 

Grades:  3rd  and  4th. — Time,  one  hour  per  week. 

Cardboard  construction. 

Grades:  5th,  6th,  7th  and  8th. — Time,  one  hour  and  a  half  per 
week. 

Woodwoj'k  in  the  Manual  Training  room,  under  the  direction 
of  the  special  teacher. 

Owing  to  existing  conditions,  woodwork  will  not  be  begun 
in  the  5th  grade  at  the  opening  of  the  term.  Some  form  of 
preparatory  work  will  be  given. 

Primary  Work. 

Manual  Training  in  the  Primary  Grades  was  begun  about  the 


62  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

middle  of  February,  1907.  This  has  been  carried  on  enthusiastic- 
ally by  the  prade  teachers.  Owing  to  the  newness  of  the  work, 
frequent  teachers'  meetings  have  been  held  for  instruction  and 
consultation.  The  results  have  been  very  pleasing  to  all  con- 
cerned, and  we  feel  that  in  a  short  time  this  work  will  be  well  in 
hand  and  established  in  a  very  substantial  way. 

Co-operation. 

There  is  a  very  bright  future  in  store  for  this  department. 
The  people  of  the  community  are  vitally  interested,  and  are  lend- 
ing their  hearty  support  to  the  movement.  The  Board  of  Educa- 
tion has  been  generous  and  far-seeing  in  providing  such  splendid 
accommodations  for  the  department.  They  have  given  the  man- 
agement unqualified  support  under  all  circumstances.  The  Super- 
intendent has  done  all  in  his  power  to  further  the  cause.  Princi- 
pals and  teachers  have  been  most  hearty  in  their  co-operation.  Let 
me  take  this  opportunity  of  expressing  my  thanks  and  appreciation 
for  the  courtesies  received  from  all  parties  mentioned." 

Mr.  Leonard  resigned  July,  1911.  The  teachers  worked  on  a 
"go  as  you  please"  basis,  until  1914.  Then  Mr.  C.  S.  Evans,  of 
Dayton,  Ohio,  who  had  been  elected  to  supervise  the  work  in  the 
High  School  was  given  charge  of  the  entire  work  of  the  depart- 
ment. Mr.  Evans  resigned  in  1916.  No  successor  has  been 
selected.  We  all  regret  that  the  services  of  Mr.  Leonard  were 
not  retained  as  his  plans  for  the  work  were  of  such  a  comprehen- 
sive character  that  they  could  not  be  successfully  carried  out  by 
another. 

PHYSICAL  CULTURE. 

Miss  Violet  Richardson  has  had  especial  direction  of  the  girls 
in  athletics  for  the  year  ending  June,  1917,  and  is  still  at  this 
work  for  1918.  Long  may  she  continue.  Mr.  W.  L.  Seawright 
directed  the  boys  for  a  part  of  the  time  along  the  same  line, 
but  has  entered  upon  a  new  field  of  work.  Except  in  the  High 
School,  this  important  factor  in  the  successful  work  of  the  school 
has  been  managed  largely  by  the  grade  teachers  under  Miss  Rich- 
ardson's direction.  The  management  could  not  be  given  to  any 
one  better  fitted  by  training  and  experience. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  63 


CHAPTER  XI 
HIGH  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS 

Main   Building. 

Built  1901 

Architects Stone  &  Smith 

Contractor Robert   Gregg 

Cost $87,000 

Science  Building. 

Built  1907 

Architects Stone  &  Smith 

Contractor Arthur  Arlett 

Cost $90,000 

Auditorium. 

Built  1908 

Architects Stone  &  Smith 

Contractor Arthur  Arlett 

Cost $90,000 

Art  Building. 

Built  1915 

Cost $24,000 

Gymnasium. 

Built  1914 

Cost — First  floor $5,250 

Second   floor 5,000 

Music  Building. 
Moved  from  the  LeConte  School  lot. 

Built  1896 

Architect A.  H.  Broad 

Cost $1,800 

Manual  Training  Building. 

Built  1907 

Architects Stone  &  Smith 

Contractor Arthur  Arlett 

Cost $13,000 


fr4  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XII 
McKINLEY  SCHOOL 

INTERMEDIATE  SCHOOLS. 

The  Intermediate  School  idea  recommended  by  Superintendent 
Bunker  and  introduced  in  1909,  is  a  modification  of  plans  adopted 
and  carried  on  for  several  years  with  varying  degrees  of  success 
in  a  number  of  Eastern  cities,  depending,  of  course,  upon  the 
local  conditions.  There  is  absolutely  nothing  original  in  the  plan 
itself,  but  the  details  admit  of  the  introduction  of  new^  ideas. 

There  are  four  Intermediate  Schools  in  Berkeley,  located  as  far 
as  possible  to  accommodate  the  pupils  of  the  different  sections 
of  the  city.  Each  school  has  a  distinctive  line  of  work  which  will 
be  explained  more  fully  later. 

When  the  system  was  introduced  into  the  Berkeley  schools  in 
1909,  the  Washington  and  the  McKinley  schools  were  selected. 
Mr.  Imrie,  the  principal  of  the  Washington  School,  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  LeConte  School,  Mr.  Hoffman,  the  Principal  of  the 
LeConte,  being  elected  to  a  half-day  position.  Mr.  G.  W.  Mon- 
roe, from  the  High  School,  became  the  first  Principal  of  the  Wash- 
ington Elementary  and  Intermediate  School  in  1910. 

The  Franklin  and  Whittier  were  organized  as  Intermediate 
schools  in  1911.  For  particulars  as  to  the  course  of  study  and 
general  plan  of  work,  read  what  is  said  about  each  of  the  Inter- 
mediate Schools. 

McKINLEY  SCHOOL. 
Main   Building. 

Built  1896 

Architect Cunningham    Bros. 

Contractor Silas    Carle 

Cost  ..$26,000 

Manual  Training  Building. 
Built 1901 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY   SCHOOLS  65 

Contractor George  Mohr 

Architect George  Mohr 

Cost $7,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

Dwight  Way  150  ft. 

Haste  Street  150  ft. 

270  ft.  deep. 

Haste  Street  Building. 

Built 1906 

Architect A.  H.  Broad 

Contractor A.  H.  Broad 

Cost $14,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

N.  side  of  Haste  St 100  ft. 

135  ft.  deep. 
In  1891  a  lot  on  Dwight  Way  between  Dana  and  Telegraph  was 
purchased.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  held  August  4th,  1895, 
the  following  resolution  was  adopted:  That  the  Board  of  Town 
Trustees  be  requested  to  take  immediate  steps  for  providing  funds 
for  the  following: 

The  erection  of  a  six-room  building  on  Dwight  Way. 
A  four  room  building  on  the  Haste  Street  frontage  of 
the  Dwight  Way  lot. 

A  new  6  or  8  room  building  on  San  Pablo  Avenue. 
A  suitable  building  in  North  Berkeley,  east  of  Shat- 
tuck. 

To  supply  the  necessary  furniture  for  these,  also 
To  purchase  a  lot  east  of  San    Pablo    and    south    of 
Dwight  Way. 
In  1896  an  8  room  building  was  erected  on  the  Dwight  Way 
lot  and  the  school  was  known  as  the  "Dwight  Way  School"  until 
1902,  when  the  name  was  changed  to  the  McKinley.     Mr.  W.  H. 
DeBell  was  the   principal  until   1902,  when  he   removed  to   San 
Francisco.     Mr.  C.  L.  Biedenbach  was  his  successor,  Mr.    F.    F. 
Bunker,  afterwards  City  Superintendent,  receiving  one  vote.     City 
Superintendent  Perham  had  his  office  in  this  building,  1897-8.      As 
the  school  grew  very  rapidly,   it  was  found  necessary  to  supply 
additional  rooms,  and  a  4  room  building  for  primary  grades  was 
built  on  the  Haste  Street  frontage  of  the  same  lot. 

Later,  a  lot  on  the  north  side  of  Haste  Street  was  purchased 


66  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

for  $6,500  and  a  4  room  (afterwards  a  6  room)  building  for  pri- 
mary classes  was  built.  The  rooms  vacated  by  the  transfer  of  the 
primary  classes  were  fitted  up  for  Manual  Training  and  Domestic 
Science  Departments. 

The  bust  of  McKinley  was  unveiled  with  appropriate  cere- 
monies in  1903,  and  an  English  elm  was  planted  on  each  side 
of  the  walk  leading  from  Dwight  Way  to  the  main  entrance  of 
the  building. 

Miss  Carmichael  was  the  first  teacher  of  Manual  Training. 
She  was  followed  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Hughson,  who  has  filled  the  po- 
sition very  satisfactorily  ever  since.  In  1910  Wilken's  Hall  was 
rented  to  relieve  the  congestion  and  it  was  retained  until  the 
opening  of  the  Willard  School  in  1916.  Mr.  Biedenbach  remained 
Principal  until  he  succeeded  Mr.  Brink  as  Principal  of  the  High 
School  in  1912.  During  the  years  that  the  school  was  under  the 
management  of  Mr.  Biedenbach  it  maintained  the  high  standard 
in  discipline  and  school  work  that  he  had  set  as  his  ideal. 

Mr.  W.  B.  Clark  became  Principal  in  1912,  and  was  transferred, 
with  the  7th,  8th  and  9th  grades,  to  the  principalship  of  the 
Frances  Willard  Intermediate  School.  This  transfer  left  the  Mc- 
Kinley an  Elementary  School.  From  1912  to  1916  Mr.  Clark  had 
the  Elementary  and  the  Intermediate  grades  in  the  old  building. 

The  McKinley  School  is,  I  think,  the  best  equipped  of  any 
school  in  Berkeley.  The  patrons  of  the  school  are  largely  well- 
to-do  people  and  take  great  interest  in  the  school  to  which  so 
many  of  their  children  are  sent.  In  this  building  one  will  find 
pianos,  pictures,  a  good  library,  in  fact,  everything  needed  for 
first-class  educational  work. 

Miss  Blanche  Morse  was  elected  to  the  principalship  in  Mr. 
Clark's  place.  Under  her  management  the  school  will  undoubt- 
edly hold  its  place  among  the  leaders. 

In  January,  1906,  Mr.  Biedenbach  and  his  teachers  agreed  to 
organize  a  School  City  with  its  accompanying  officers  and  man- 
agement. A  suitable  constitution  was  framed,  an  election  was 
held,  in  accordance  with  its  provisions  and,  in  a  week,  the  city 
was  in  existence.  The  principal  is,  of  course,  the  real  source  of 
power.  He  can  make  or  change  as  he  thinks  best.  The  Mc- 
Kinley School  was  governed  as  a  School  City  until  Mr.  Bieden- 
bach was  elected  Principal  of  the  High  School,  in  1912,  and  I 
think  that  the  same  form  of  government  has  prevailed  ever  since. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  67 

There  seemed  to  be  so  much  to  commend  the  plan  that  the 
Superintendent  asked  the  principal  to  report  as  to  the  success  of 
the  scheme.  I  will  quote  direct  from  Mr.  Biedenbach's  report 
made  to  the  Superintendent  at  the  time  when  the  School  City 
was  organized,  stating  the  advantages  of  this  form  of  "Student 
Control."     He  says: 

"It  is  too  early  to  speak  with  authority  about  the  ultimate  re- 
sults of  this  system  of  school  government.  We  can  only  note  its 
immediate  effect  and  form  our  judgment  as  to  what  may  be  ex- 
pected. As  soon  as  McKinley  School  City  was  declared  organ- 
ized, all  of  the  teachers  were  relieved  of  yard  duty.  The  police 
department  took  charge,  and  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  the 
conduct  of  the  pupils  in  the  yards  and  when  forming  and  march- 
ing in  line  is  better  than  before.  Disorder  when  the  teacher  is 
out  of  the  room  is  also  practically  eliminated,  for  the  police  have 
charge  at  all  times  when  a  teacher  is  not  present.  This  does  not 
imply  a  monitor  system,  for  the  police  officers  do  not  report  to 
the  teachers.  The  citizens  are  responsible  for  their  conduct  to 
their  officers.  There  is  no  encouragement  for  tattling  or  any  of 
its  allied  vices. 

"Perhaps  one  of  the  best  reasons  for  encouraging  this  form  of 
school  government  is  that  it  teaches  something  that  will  remain 
permanently  with  the  pupils.  The  child  is  taught  how  to  behave 
as  a  citizen  and  an  office  holder.  These  important  functions  are 
not  simply  turned  over  to  him  to  do  with  as  he  thinks  fit.  As  a 
result  he  goes  into  the  world  when  he  finishes  school,  prepared 
for  that  which  he  encounters  there. 

"One  point  is  especially  worth  emphasizing.  The  School  City 
must  be  a  real,  not  a  make-believe  city.  It  is  true  that  every- 
thing is  done  under  the  guidance  of  the  teaching  force  and  that 
the  principal  can  step  in  at  any  moment,  and  often  must  do  so, 
but  still  the  citizen  life  of  the  pupil  is  real. 

"It  seems  to  me  that  this  is  the  only  way  of  giving  proper 
preparation  for  a  republican  form  of  government.  What  a  pe- 
culiar condition  of  things  has  existed!  For  over  100  years  we 
have  been  training  children  for  citizenship  in  the  freest  country 
on  earth  by  putting  them  through  a  long  list  of  formal  studies 
under  a  system  of  absolute  command.  The  old  martinet  system 
has  outlived  its  usefulness,  if  it  ever  had  any.  In  its  place  there 
must  come  rational  self-government  under  proper  guidance.     This 


68  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

will  recognize  the  fact  that  life  begins  with  birth,  and  that  school 
work  is  an  essential  part  of  it  and  not  a  mere  training  for  it. 

"From  the  cradle  to  the  grave  is  one  long  preparation,  differ- 
ing in  parts,  but  still  a  continuous  process  of  education,  and  one 
sta^e  cannot  succeed  unless  its  proper  foundation  has  been  laid 
in  the  preceding.  Self-respecting  manhood  cannot  be  based  on 
tyrannized  boyhood." 

Miss  Morse  has  this  to  say  about  the  McKinley  School: 

"The  Orientals  furnished  the  first  problem  for  solution  when  I 
assumed  the  office  of  Principal.  They  come  to  school  as  non- 
English-speaking  children.  Experience  has  shown  that  they  some- 
times attend  school  for  an  entire  year  without  speaking  a  word  of 
English.  They  acquire  some  auditory  vocabulary,  but  no  oral 
one.  The  solution  was  the  segregation  of  these  pupils,  for  the 
first  three  grades,  into  one  class.  Observe  that  this  segregation 
was  to  solve  a  pedagogical  and  not  a  racial  problem.  By  special 
methods  of  instruction  we  have  been  able  to  bring  an  Oriental 
within  speaking  distance  of  the  English  child  in  two  years  or  less. 

"In  addition  to  this  problem  of  caring  for  the  Oriental  chil- 
dren in  the  best  possible  way,  we  are  engaged  on  two  lines  of 
special  endeavor.  One  is  to  discover  the  best  departmental  or- 
ganization for  an  Elementary  School.  We  are  persuaded  that 
the  old  'one  teacher'  system  is,  or  should  be,  a  thing  of  the  past. 
Just  what  organization  will  best  suit  this  type  of  school  has  yet 
to  be  determined.  We  departmentalized  the  four  upper  classes  last 
term.  This  coming  term  we  shall  carry  it  one  step  lower  and 
take  in  the  second  grrade. 

"The  other  effort  that  we  are  making  is  along  the  line  of 
method,  trying  to  work  out  better  instruction.  Special  attention 
is  being  given  to  new  methods  in  History  and  Reading.  The  whole 
purpose  is  to  break  up  the  formal  routine  of  drill  and  lesson- 
hearing  and  to  substitute  for  these  some  vital  motive.  It  is  not 
too  much  to  say  that  we  are  making  progress.  We  are  learning 
to  regard  the  school  as  a  laboratory  for  solving  educational  prob- 
lems. We  also  look  upon  it  as  a  shop  where  the  children  shall 
work  'for  the  joy  of  working,'  and  not  for  some  dimly  perceived 
ulterior  end." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  69 


CHAPTER  XIII 
FRANCES  E.  WILLARD  SCHOOL 

Built  1915-16 

Architects Hobart  &  Cheney 

Contractor Walter  Sorenson 

Cost   $87,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

Telegraph  Avenue 282.6 

Ward  Street 274 

Stuart  Street 327 

Cost  of  the  lot $48,750 

The  Intermediate  classes  of  the  McKinley  School  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  new  building  on  the  opening  of  the  school  term 
July  31st,  1916,  and  Mr.  W.  B.  Clark,  who  had  been  the  Principal 
of  the  McKinley  School,  became  the  Principal  of  the  Willard  In- 
termediate School. 

Pupils  from  the  6th  grades  in  the  Emerson,  LeConte,  McKinley 
and  other  schools  enter  this  intermediate  school.  The  courses  of 
study  in  these  intermediate  schools  vary  with  the  section  of  the 
town  and  the  demands  of  the  patrons. 

The  Willard  and  the  Garfield  Schools  specialize  in  Latin,  Eng- 
lish, and  Mathematics.  French  is  also  taught  if  classes  sufficiently 
large  ask  for  instruction  in  this  language. 

In  the  Willard  School  the  French  Department  is  very  popular 
and  is  growing  rapidly.  There  are  250  pupils  taking  the  French 
course.  The  graduates  of  the  Willard  and  the  Garfield  on  enter- 
ing upon  the  10th  year's  work  prepare  largely  for  the  literary 
courses  of  the  University,  while  those  from  the  Edison  and  the 
Burbank  elect  studies  leading  to  scientific  or  mathematical  courses 
in  college. 

The  Willard  School  is  the  best  equipped  of  the  Intermediate 
schools,  while  the  McKinley  is  the  best  equipped  of  the  Element- 
ary schools.  There  are  pictures  and  other  works  of  art,  pianos, 
Victrolas  and  records,  moving  picture  apparatus,  balopticon,  etc. 


70  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

These  have  been  supplied  by  the  classes  as  they  leave  school,  by 
patrons  at  larjre,  by  Parent  Teachers'  Association  and  the  united 
efforts  of  pupils  and  teachers. 

The  statistics  with  regard  to  the  number  of  pupils  remaining 
in  school  after  completing  the  8th  year,  and  also  the  number  going 
on  from  the  9th  year  into  the  High  School  proper,  justify  fully 
the  Intermediate  idea  and  show  the  results  when  the  "housing" 
conditions  permit  giving  the  plan  a  "fair  show."  It  had  this  at 
the  McKinley,  where  it  was  possible  to  separate  the  Intermediate 
from  the  Elementary  department. 

The  Willard  School  is  strong  in  languages.  Previous  to  the 
present  year  our  pupils  seem  to  have  been  determined  upon  a 
Latin  course,  but  the  French  Department  is  growing  very  rapidly, 
over  250  pupils  taking  this  language.  These  students  of  the 
French  language  at  present  are  supporting  (in  fact  have  adopted) 
two  French  orphans.  Mr.  Clark,  the  Principal,  gives  some  things 
already  accomplished,  and  also  some  ideals  that  remain  to  be 
realized: 

"We  have  had  a  good  sized  band  and  an  orchestra  for  at  least 
6  years.  We  have  one  concert  each  year,  to  which  we  charge 
admission.  We  usually  expend  most  of  the  proceeds  in  the  pur- 
chase of  instruments.  In  looking  over  the  Berkeley  High  School 
concert  programs  you  will  find  that  fully  50  per  cent  of  the  par- 
ticipants have  begun  their  musical  work  at  the  Willard  School 
under  Miss  Ellerhorst's  leadership. 

"It  has  been  the  custom  for  many  years  for  our  pupils  to 
present  to  the  school,  when  they  leave  us,  one  or  more  fine  pic- 
tures.    In  this  way  we  have  built  up  quite  a  remarkable  collection. 

"When  we  moved  in  a  year  ago,  we  put  forward  a  very  compre- 
hensive plan  of  planting,  to  be  financed  entirely  by  the  school. 
We  have  made  a  splendid  start,  having  completed  the  plan  on  the 
Ward  Street  side,  and  a  bit  around  the  corner  on  Telegraph 
Avenue. 

"The  war  has  caused  us  to  suspend  operations  for  a  while,  but 
we  hope  to  give  the  whole  place  a  fine  setting  in  the  not  far  distant 
future.  Our  idea  is  that  if  the  pupils  have  a  hand  in  the  creation 
of  these  things  this  will  constitute  a  very  important  part  of  their 
education.     It  will  be  a  strong  backfire  against  vandalism. 

"We   had   a  big  job   on   our  hands  to   darken   our   Assembly 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  71 

Hall.  I  got  a  bid  for  the  work  from  a  prominent  San  Francisco 
firm. 

"The  bid  was  $65.  I  solicited  the  aid  of  Mr.  Hughson,  our 
Manual  Training  teacher,  and  we  had  the  work  completed  for  less 
than  $5,  including  material. 

"It  is  the  ambition  of  the  Principal  of  the  Willard  School  that 
the  idea  of  co-operation  shall  be  written  large,  that  the  evidences 
of  co-operation  shall  be  manifested  everywhere,  that  the  buildings 
and  grounds  shall  show  it,  and  that,  best  of  all,  it  shall  be  in  the 
atmosphere  and  shall  be  felt  by  even  the  casual  visitor." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XIV 
WASHINGTON  SCHOOL 

Built  1906 

Architect Stone   &   Smith 

Contractor Stockholm  and  Allen 

Cost $45,000 

Manual  Training  Building. 

Built  1908 

Cost $4,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

On   Bancroft 262.      ft. 

On  Grove  street 152.      ft. 

On  McKinley  avenue 253.25  ft. 

This  building,  built  on  the  old  "Longfellow  School"  lot,  corner 
of  Grove  and  Bancroft,  has  16  class  rooms,  an  Assembly  Hall, 
and  separate  building  for  Manual  Training  and  Domestic  Science, 
The  school  was  opened  in  1907,  with  Mr.  J.  A.  Imrie  as  Princi- 
pal, and  was  a  success  from  the  start.  It  continued  to  prosper 
until  1910,  when  it  was  made  one  of  the  two  Intermediate  Schools, 
the  McKinley  being  the  other.  Mr.  Imrie  was  transferred  to  the 
LeConte  School,  taking  Mr.  Hoffman's  place.  Mr.  G.  W.  Monroe, 
an  instructor  in  the  High  School,  was  transferred  to  the  principal- 
ship  of  the  Washington  School  in  January,  1910.  The  Washington 
School  was  both  elementary  and  intermediate  from  1910  until 
1916,  the  date  of  the  opening  of  the  Edison  School.  In  1912  Mr. 
H.  H.  Glessner  was  appointed  Principal,  and  remained  such  until 
he  was  transferred  to  the  Edison  School  together  with  the  most 
of  the  pupils  who  had  been  in  the  Washington  Intermediate 
School. 

Mr.  A.  J.  Hamilton  became  Principal  of  the  Washington  School 
in  July,  1916. 

This  school  is  well  organized,  well  disciplined  and  well  man- 
aired.  Departmental  work  throughout  all  the  grades  from  the 
third  has  been  arranged,  and  is  being  tried  out  very  successfully. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  73 

Of  his  scheme  of  Departmental  Work,   Mr.     Hamilton    says: 

"Much  is  being  written  today  about  the  reorganization  of 
elementary  schools.  Portland  is  enthusiastic  over  its  'Two  Group' 
plan;  Kalamazoo,  its  'Platoon'  system;  and  Sacramento  its  'Ins 
and  Outs.'  Each  of  these  is,  perhaps,  a  modification  of  the  plan 
inaugurated  in  Gary,  Indiana,  by  Superintendent  Wirt,  about  15 
years  ago.  Without  a  question  all  of  these  are  good  and  are 
solving  local  problems  much  better  than  was  done  under  the  old 
'one-teacher'  plan. 

So  many  subjects  have  been  added  to  our  courses  of  study 
during  the  last  score  of  years  that  the  teacher  has  found  the 
day  too  short  to  adequately  prepare  herself  to  present  each  with 
the  proper  amount  of  enthusiasm.  Hence  these  reforms  on  the 
part  of  live  educational  men  and  women  are  efforts  to  make 
possible  the  proper  presentation  of  all  subjects,  because  the  child 
needs  them  all,  and  perhaps  others. 

Adequate  preparation  for  a  modern  grade  teacher  in  a  city 
school  system  today  means  attending  meetings  of  supervisors 
of  drawing,  of  music,  of  domestic  science,  of  physical  training, 
besides  efficiently  planning  the  day's  work  in  the  fundamentals. 

The  organization  of  the  Washington  School  until  August,  1917, 
was  on  the  old  'one-teacher'  plan.  Then  the  present  program  was 
introduced.  During  the  school  year  of  1916-1917,  an  effort  was 
made  to  measure  results  in  the  fundamentals  by  the  use  of  stand- 
ardized measurements.  Dr.  Curtis'  tests  were  used  for  measur- 
ing the  four  fundamental  operations  in  Arithmetic;  Dr.  Search's 
tests  for  measuring  reasoning  in  Arithmetic,  Spelling,  and  speed 
and  comprehension  in  Reading;  and  Dr.  Thorndyke's  scale  for 
measuring  speed  and  quality  of  Penmanship.  The  result  of  these 
tests  was  not  flattering,  except  perhaps,  in  Reading,  where  all  of 
the  classes  measured  above  the  standard  set.  This  result  was 
due,  we  believe  to  the  very  excellent  work  done  by  Miss  Patter- 
son while  Supervisor  of  Primary  Education  in  the  Berkeley  schools, 
a  few  years  ago.  After  tabulating  these  results,  teachers'  meet- 
ings were  held  at  which  teachers  expressed  themselves  quite  freely 
as  to  the  probable  causes  and  possible  remedies.  The  consensus 
of  opinion  seemed  to  be,  that  if  teachers  of  fundamentals  were 
relieved  of  preparation  in  the  so-called  special  subjects,  and  if 
that  work  were  given  to  teachers  especially  equipped  in  tempera- 


74  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

ment   and   training,   very   much  better  work   would   result   along 
both  special  and  fundamental  lines. 

In  an  etTort  to  bring  this  about,  subjects  were  grouped  under 
two  headings,  namely;  Fundamentals,  to  include  Arithmetic,  Read- 
ing. Language,  Composition,  Spelling,  and  Penmanship.  Specials, 
to  include  Music,  Drawing,  Manual  Arts,  Nature  Study,  Geog- 
raphy. History,  and  Physical  Training. 

The  Washington  School  is  a  primary  school  of  sixteen  classes 
including  the  Kindergarten  and  the  first  six  grades.  Of  these,  six 
classes  are  composed  of  children  in  the  kindergarten  and  the  first 
and  second  grades.  All  receiving  class  teachers  remain  with  their 
classes  through  two  years'  work.  Then  the  classes  are  ready 
for  the  departmental  plan.  Receiving  classes  are  divided  when 
there  are  two  or  more  sections,  on  the  basis  of  mentality,  thus 
making  it  possible  for  the  stronger  ones  to  complete  two  years' 
work  in  three  terms. 

Of  the  ten  teachers  that  formerly  cared  for  the  ten  classes 
above  the  second  year,  five  were  selected  for  special  work  and 
these  were  assigned  as  follows:  One  to  music,  one  to  drawing  and 
primary  manual  training,  one  to  history,  one  to  nature  study  and 
geography,  and  one  to  physical  education,  thus  leaving  five 
teachers  for  the  fundamentals  in  ten  classes.  Of  these  five,  each 
had  two  sections,  as  the  class  teacher. 

The  program  is  so  divided  that  each  pupil  spends  half  of  his 
time  with  a  fundamental  teacher  and  the  other  half,  in  half-hour 
periods,  with  special  teachers.  Each  class  above  the  second  year 
has  a  thirty-minute  period  in  the  yard,  ten  minutes  of  which  are 
given  to  formal  physical  training,  and  twenty  minutes  to  organ- 
ized play  under  the  guidance  of  the  physical  training  teacher. 

When  the  plan  was  started  the  teachers  were  all  very  enthusi- 
astic over  their  assignments  and  with  the  outlook  for  better  re- 
sults. And  now  after  five  months  they  are  more  enthusiastic  than 
at  the  start.  They  are  not  willing  to  revert  to  the  old  "one- 
teacher"  arrangement.  True,  their  work  is  more  strenuous,  but 
they  believe  that  the  school  plant  is  for  the  child  rather  than  for 
the  teacher.  Of  the  many  advantages  of  the  present  plan  the 
following  are  among  the  most  important: 

1.  It  provides  for  special  teaching  in  subjects  that  require 
more  training  to  teach  efficiently  than  the  present  system  of  train- 
ing schools  give. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  75 

2.  It  provides  for  special  rooms  fully  equipped  to  create  the 
proper  atmosphere  that  belongs  where  these  subjects  are  being 
taught. 

3.  It  increases  the  efficiency  of  supervisors  by  reducing  the 
number  of  teachers  under  their  supei-vision. 

4.  It  insures  the  more  thorough  teaching  of  special  subjects 
inasmuch  as  special  teachers  are  made  responsible  for  the  proper 
training  of  the  child  in  her  subject  for  four  years. 

5.  It  assures  more  thorough  preparation  on  the  part  of  the 
teachers  of  fundamentals,  by  reducing  the  number  of  subjects  in 
which  preparation  is  required. 

6.  It  eliminates  interruptions  of  programs  caused  by  the 
visits  of  supervisors. 

7.  It  lives  up  to  the  spirit  of  the  recent  California  state  law 
about  Physical  Education,  by  providing  more  than  the  twenty 
minutes  per  day  of  physical  training  and  organized  play. 

8.  It  increases  the  efficiency  of  the  Physical  Education  de- 
partment by  providing  for  more  frequent  change  of  air  and  sur- 
roundings. 

9.  It  minimizes  petty  problems  of  discipline  by  increasing 
the  child's  interest  in  his  work  and  by  providing  a  frequent  change 
of  teachers. 

10.  It  affords  an  opportunity  for  pupils  to  take  a  double 
period  in  subjects  in  which  they  are  deficient,  thus  decreasing 
the  number  of  "hold-overs." 

11.  It  bridges  over  the  gap  between  the  Primary  and  the 
Intermediate  schools  by  introducing  the  child  to  a  modified  form 
of  departmental  work,  thus  preparing  him  for  the  responsibilities 
necessary  to  a  highly  departmentalized  system. 

12.  It  requires  no  more  teachers  than  the  'one  teacher'  plan. 

13.  In  a  large  city  school  system,  it  would  reduce  the  number 
of  supervisors  by  introducing  specialized  teaching  and  by  reducing 
the  number  of  teachers  to  be  supervised. 

14.  It  provides  an  opportunity  to  introduce  instrumental 
music  without  interfering  with  the  regular  work  by  permitting 
pupils  to  substitute  it  one  day  each  week  for  the  vocal  work. 
(Last  term  one  piano  teacher  was  kept  busy  all  day  in  the  building, 
and  a  teacher  of  the  violin  spent  more  than  an  hour  each  day  with 
her  work.     Over  125  children  were  given  an  opportunity  to  begin 


76  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

their  work  in  instrumental  music  that  otherwise  they  could  not 
have  begun.) 

15.  What  is  more  important  than  all  else,  it  unifies  the 
school,  making  of  it  a  real  social  organization  rather  than  a  mere 
collection  of  class  rooms." 

(Note — At  the  time  of  this  writing,  January  3rd,  1918,  Mr.  J. 
L.  Blumb,  principal  of  the  Lincoln  School,  Berkeley,  is  preparing 
to  open  his  school  on  the  same  plan,  arranging  his  program  on  the 
basis  of  eight  teachers  instead  of  ten.) 

This  plan  has  also  been  adopted  by  Miss  Morse  at  the  McKinley 
School,  and  it  seems  to  be  the  coming  idea  in  school  classification 
among  all  of  the  teachers  and  principals  in  the  elementary  schools. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  77 


CHAPTER  XV 
EDISON  SCHOOL 

Buiit 1916 

Architect W.  H.  Ratcliff 

Cost $85,000 

Size   of   Lot. 

On    Oregon  street 240   ft. 

On  Russell  street 287   ft. 

287  feet  deep. 

The  Edison  Intermediate  School  was  opened  in  1916.  Stud- 
ents from  the  Washington  Intermediate  formed  the  principal 
attendance,  though  students  came  from  all  parts  of  the  city.  The 
enrollment  is  over  500.  The  course  of  instruction  given  differs 
somewhat  from  that  given  in  the  other  Intermediate  Schools. 
Not  only  are  the  modern  languages  taught  beginning  with  the 
seventh  grade,  but  the  commercial  subjects  as  well  receive  partic- 
ular attention.  There  are  over  two  hundred  students  enrolled  in 
the  Commercial  Department.  The  course  of  study  as  outlined 
for  this  work  includes  Typewriting,  Bookkeeping,  and  Shorthand, 
as  well  as  a  training  in  Banking  and  Office  work.  This  gives  a 
wide  choice  of  electives,  and  by  the  time  that  pupils  have  com- 
pleted the  ninth  year  they  are  able  to  determine  in  what  direction 
their  preference  lies.  Either  of  the  courses,  when  satisfactorily 
completed,  gives  the  student  a  fine  start  toward  a  higher  education. 
Latin  is  not  taken  up  until  the  ninth  year,  while  Spanish  is  offered 
to  pupils  of  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades  as  well  as  to  those  of 
the  ninth  grades.  Commercial  students  are  especially  encouraged 
to  elect  Spanish  as  a  necessary  subject  for  a  business  training. 

The  Edison,  true  to  its  name  has  a  leaning  toward  Technical 
training.  The  Manual  Training  and  the  Domestic  Science  Depart- 
ments are  well  equipped  and  usually  overcrowded.  Pupils  in 
these  departments  are  required  during  the  ninth  year,  to  give  two 
periods  daily  to  the  work  throughout  the  year. 

The  Printing  Department  of  the  Edison  School  is  the  pioneer 


78  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

in  this  movement  in  this  part  of  California,  having  been  started  in 
the  Washinirton  Intermediate  School,  eight  years  ago,  by  Mr.  A.  J. 
Hamilton,  now  Principal  of  Washington  Elementary  School. 

Mr.  C.  W.  Calhoun,  the  present  instructor,  took  charge  of  the 
department  six  years  ago,  and  under  his  guidance  it  has  become  a 
definite  factor  in  the  special  activities  of  the  school  system. 

The  printing  plant  is  housed  in  a  specially  built  room,  and 
cares  for  about  forty  pupils  each  day. 

All  the  special  work  of  the  school  department  is  done  at  the 
Edison  School,  as  well  as  some  work  for  the  Board  of  Education. 

The  students  print  the  school  paper,  "The  Edison  Mazda,"  a 
book  of  one  hundred  pages,  which  is  issued  at  the  end  of  each 
term.  The  type  for  this  publication  is  all  set  by  hand,  and  the 
making  up  of  the  pages,  locking  up  the  forms,  presswork  and 
binding,  is  all  done  by  the  pupils. 

One  outstanding  result  of  the  incorporating  of  the  study  of 
printing  in  the  curriculum,  is  the  improvement  noticeable  in  the 
work  of  the  "printing  boys"  in  spelling,  English,  composition,  etc. 

Another  worth-while  phase  of  the  subject  is  the  inculcation 
of  habits  of  neatness,  promptness,  dependence,  and,  above  all, 
responsibility. 

The  Apprentice  Committee  of  Oakland  Typographical  Union, 
No.  36,  of  which  committee  the  instructor  is  a  member,  has  incor- 
porated in  the  new  union  apprentice  laws  a  provision  allowing  a 
student  in  a  sanctioned  printing  school,  an  amount  of  time  off  his 
apprenticeship  equal  to  that  spent  in  the  printing  class.  Under 
this  dispensation,  several  boys  have  gained  from  three  months  to 
one  year  off  their  "time,"  with  a  corresponding  gain  in  wages. 
The  employers,  also,  have  been  glad  to  avail  themselves  of  this 
provision,  as  they  are  supplied  with  apprentices  who  are  of  real 
use  from  the  start,  and  able  to  earn  the  pay  they  receive. 

The  instructor  is  constantly  receiving  more  calls  for  appren- 
tices than  he  can  fill  from  Berkeley  and  Oakland,  and  even  San 
Francisco.  There  are  now  fourteen  graduates  of  the  Edison 
School  Printing  Department  working  at  the  trade  in  the  Bay 
Cities,  and  everyone  of  them  is  "making  good." 

This  school  has  its  own  "Commercial  Savings  Bank,"  which  is 
handled  by  the  students  of  the  Commercial  Department.  The  Bank 
is  open  on  certain  days  to  receive  and  pay  out  money.  Last  year 
the  deposits  approximated  $800. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  79 


CHAPTER  XVI 
FRANKLIN  SCHOOL 

Built 1901 

Architect Stone   &   Smith 

Cost $40,000 

Manual  Training  Building. 

Built 1908 

Cost $1,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

On  Virginia  street 208   ft. 

On  San  Pablo  avenue 300   ft. 

On  Francisco  street 209  ft. 

From  1878  to  1890,  for  twelve  years  after  the  incorporation 
of  the  town,  this  school  had  several  principals.  Among  these 
may  be  mentioned  Messrs.  Nelson,  Clement,  Horton,  Clark,  Lyons, 
Hanson  and  Harris. 

For  several  years  Mr.  Horton  was  a  very  successful  manager. 
During  his  absence,  on  account  of  illness,  Clark  and  Nelson  took 
his  place,  and  Lyons  filled  the  position  while  he  was  in  the  East. 

In  1890,  Mr.  J.  W.  Warnick  took  charge  of  the  school,  and  this 
included  the  general  oversight  of  any  other  school  in  West  Berke- 
ley. Mr.  Warnick's  entire  administration  for  14  years,  or  until 
1904,  was  marked  by  efficiency  and  thoroughness. 

The  Old  San  Pablo  Avenue  school  building  was  sold  to  Mrs. 
Baronidis  in  1901,  and  was  soon  afterwards  moved  nearer  to  the 
water  front  and  fitted  up  as  a  lodging  house. 

While  the  new  building  was  in  process  of  erection  on  the  old 
lot,  the  classes  were  distributed,  some  to  the  Seventh  Street,  some 
to  the  Columbus,  and  one  to  the  Page  Street.  The  upper  classes 
occupied  rooms  over  Wolf's  Drug  Store,  corner  of  University  Ave- 
nue and  Fourth  Street.  These  rooms  were  rented  from  month  to 
month  until  the  new  building  was  completed.  During  this  trying 
period,  Mr.  Warnick  proved  to  be  a  very  valuable  man   for  the 


80  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

department.  In  1904  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  J.  F.  Seaman,  and 
in  1905  Mr.  Geo.  D.  Kierulf  became  Principal.  In  1906  he  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  James  T.  Preston. 

Mr.  Preston  served  here  until  1916,  when  he  was  transferred 
with  the  Franklin  Intermediate  classes  to  the  principalship  of  the 
Burbank  School,  corner  of  University  Avenue  and  Curtis  Street. 

The  school  building  was  enlarged  to  10  rooms  in  1905,  and  to 
16  rooms  in  1907.  The  name  was  changed  from  San  Pablo  Ave- 
nue School  to  the  Franklin  School  in  1903.  The  Franklin  Inter- 
mediate was  established  in  1911.  Under  Mr.  Preston's  manage- 
ment the  Franklin  School  has  been  one  of  the  model  schools  of 
the  state. 

Mr.   Connell  has  been  Principal  since  July,   1916. 

Some  years  ago  an  orchestra  was  organized  by  Miss  Bolsted, 
one  of  the  grade  teachers.  There  were  all  sorts  of  instruments, 
but  by  patience  and  perseverance,  the  results  today  are  something 
remarkable.  The  work  really  accomplished  by  the  children  is  fine 
and  the  effect  upon  the  general  character  of  the  children  is  very 
marked. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  81 


CHAPTER  XVn 
LUTHER  BURBANK  SCHOOL 

Built 1915 

Architect W.  D.  Reed 

Contractor Mr.  Field 

Cost $35,000 

Size   of   Lot. 

On  University  avenue 507   ft. 

On  Bonar  street 274  ft. 

This  school  was  established  in  August,  1911,  in  the  Franklin 
School  building  at  San  Pablo  and  Virginia  Streets,  and  was  known 
as  the  Franklin  Intermediate. 

Careful  inquiry  among  the  parents  and  patrons  disclosed  the 
fact  that  a  majority  of  the  pupils  would  enter  commercial  or  in- 
dustrial occupations.  For  this  reason,  the  course  of  study  has 
been  made  commercial  and  pre-vocational  in  its  character,  yet  it 
has  been  so  arranged  that  both  classical  and  commercial  students 
are  able  to  enter  the  tenth  year. 

The  course  in  English  is  the  same  as  in  the  other  Intermediate 
Schools  but,  because  many  of  the  pupils  have  very  little  opportun- 
ity to  hear  good  English,  Oral  English  is  emphasized  to  a  marked 
degree.  Dramatization,  Debating,  Memorizing  and  Declamation 
are  a  part  of  the  regular  work.  The  course  of  study  is  a  full  one, 
and  the  intention  is  to  make  it  full  of  force  and  character. 

Particular  attention  is  given  to  National  Civics  in  the  ninth 
year.  This  course  includes  conservation  and  other  federal  activi- 
ties. In  the  ninth  grade  State  and  Municipal  Civics  receive  much 
attention.  The  work  in  Manual  Arts  has  been  given  double  time 
in  the  eighth  and  ninth  grades  for  those  who  wish  for  the  same. 
In  the  Domestic  Arts  many  of  the  girls  are  allowed  to  take  both 
cooking  and  sewing,  and  several  have  entered  hospitals  and  sani- 
tariums direct,  to  become  trained  nurses. 

A   "First   Aid"   Course   has   been   started   in   connection   with 


82  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

hygiene,  and  it  is  the  intention  that  every  pupil  shall  know  it 
thoroutrhly.  The  Alumni  of  the  school  have  formed  an  association 
which  is  endeavoring  to  give  clean,  wholesome  fun,  good  musical 
and  dramatic  entertainments  and  well  supervised  dances. 

Many  school  activities  are  encouraged  as  having  a  direct  effect 
in  raising  the  standard  of  the  school.  Among  these  may  be  men- 
tioned: The  Orchestra,  Glee  Clubs,  Kodak  Clubs,  Folk  Dancing, 
Basketball,  Baseball,  The  School  Paper,  etc. 

For  the  present  the  Commercial  Course  of  the  Intermediate 
Schools  is  offered  in  the  Burbank  and  the  Edison  Schools  only. 

This  course,  when  completed  includes  Commercial  Arithmetic, 
Bookkeeping,  Stenography  and  Typewriting.  This  is  the  largest 
and  best  organized  department  in  the  school.  The  school  savings 
bank  and  the  system  developed  by  Mr.  Warren,  forms  a  very 
important  and  practical  part  of  the  course.  This  school  is  well 
equipped  with  everything  necessary  to  the  success  of  the  Inter- 
mediate School  idea. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  83 


CHAPTER  XVIII 
WHITTIER  SCHOOL 

Built 1892 

Architect A.  H.  Broad 

Contractor Robert  Greig 

Manual  Training  Building. 

Built 1907 

Architect A.  H.  Broad 

Cost $2,000 

Kindergarten  Building. 
Built   in    1914    for   the    University 
Summer  School  and  sold  to  the  Board 
of  Education  for  $1,200. 
Size   of   Lot. 

On  Virginia  street 234  ft. 

On  Milvia  street 224  ft. 

On  Lincoln  street 165  ft. 

The  Whittier  School  was  opened  in  the  fall  of  1892.  The 
following  have  been  principals: 

Miss  Juliet  H.  Lumbard,  1892-1898; 
Miss  Alice  Keefer,  1898-1905; 
Mr.  Clinton  Miller,  1905-1906. 
Mr.  H.  H.  Glessner,  1906-1908; 
Mr.  S.  D.  Waterman,  1908-1917. 

In  1905,  Miss  Keefer  was  transferred  to  the  principalship  of 
the  Le  Conte  School  in  place  of  Miss  Lillie  Hamlin,  who  had  been 
given  a  place  in  the  English  Department  of  the  High  School. 

Additions  as  needed  were  made  to  the  original  six  rooms  from 
time  to  time,  and  these  additions  were  usually  begun  directly  after 
the  summer  vacation,  so  that  the  children  might  have  the  "Saw  and 
Hammer"  accompaniment  to  cheer  them  along  on  their  "bright 
and  sunny  way."  (At  this  time  in  the  history  of  Berkeley  it  was 
the  custom  of  the  Board  of  Education  to  postpone  the  repairs  upon 


g4  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

the  school  buildings  until  about  the  end  of  the  summer  vacation.) 

As  there  were  eight  grades  in  the  Elementary  course,  it  had 
become  the  policy  of  the  management  to  have  at  least  sixteen 
class  rooms  in  all  of  the  larger  schools.  By  1905,  the  school  had 
gained  in  numbers  until  the  sixteen  rooms  were  completely  filled. 

For  several  years  the  demand  for  school  privileges  in  this 
section  of  the  town  was  so  great  that  several  half-day  classes 
were  found  necessary.  In  1913  two  portable  rooms  were  built 
for  the  sixth  grades,  and  in  1916,  during  the  summer  vacation 
these  bungalows  were  moved  to  the  Garfield  School  lot. 

The  Whittier  was  organized  as  one  of  the  Intermediate  schools 
in  August,  1911  and  remained  both  Elementary  and  Intermediate 
until  January,  1916.  At  this  time  the  seventh,  eighth,  and  ninth 
grades  were  transferred  to  the  Garfield  building,  corner  of  Rose 
and  Walnut  streets. 

Mr.  Waterman  remained  principal  of  both  schools  until  June, 

1916,  when   he   took  charge   of  the   Whittier   School.      In  June, 

1917,  he  resigned  his  position,  and  Mr.  Roy  E.  Warren  was  chosen 
in  his  place. 

The  "Ungraded  Class"  plan  was  in  successful  operation  in 
this  school  for  several  years  to  the  benefit  of  many  a  child,  but 
the  increased  expenses  of  the  department  made  it  necessary  to  cut 
in  some  direction  and  the  ungraded  classes  at  this  school  and 
also  at  the  McKinley,  the  Franklin,  the  Lincoln  and  the  Le  Conte 
had  to  go.  There  should  be  some  system  of  ungraded  class  work 
in  every  large  school. 

The  purchase  of  150  feet  additional  on  Lincoln  Street,  and  100 
feet  on  Virginia  Street,  thus  enlarging  the  play  grounds  and  im- 
proving the  shape  of  the  lot,  would  involve  an  expenditure  worth 
considering. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  85 


CHAPTER  XIX 
GARFIELD  SCHOOL 

Built 1915 

Cost $45,000 

Architect Mr.   Coxhead 

Contractor B.   D.   Henderson 

Size  of   Lot. 

On  Rose  street 210  ft. 

On  Walnut  street 295  ft. 

On  Shattuck  avenue 321  ft. 

The  Whittier  Intermediate  was  transferred  to  the  Garfield 
School  building  on  January  4th,  1916.  Mr.  Waterman  remained 
principal  of  both  the  Whittier  Elementary  and  the  Garfield  until 
June,  1916.  Then  Mr.  D.  L.  Hennessey  became  principal,  and 
Mr.  Waterman  remained  at  the  Whittier. 

This  school  specializes  in  Languages,  especially  Latin,  Higher 
English  and  Literary  work  in  general,  and  Mathematics.  The 
school  has  always  taken  a  very  lively  interest  in  Dramatic  work. 
A  student  assembly  is  held  on  every  second  Friday  morning. 
Scenes  from  Shakespeare's  plays,  dramatizations  from  the  classics 
read,  debates,  recitations  and  other  literary  exercises  are  given 
by  the  pupils.  The  school  is  very  active  along  patriotic  lines, 
contributing  liberally  to  the  Red  Cross,  Soldiers'  Libraries,  the 
Armenian  Relief  Fund  and  other  current  needs. 

The  work  in  Domestic  Science  and  Art,  Manual  Training  and 
Drawing  is  also  "up-to-date."  There  are  Spanish  and  French 
classes  if  a  sufficiently  large  number  of  pupils  desire  instruction 
in  the  same. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  attractive,  and  when  finished  according 
to  the  original  plan,  will  be  one  of  the  best  arranged  school  plants 
on  this  side  of  the  Bay. 

The  building  was  erected  to  accommodate  280  students.  The 
enrollment  for  August,  1917,  was  over  300.     As  has  been  stated 


86 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


elsewhere,  two  bungalows  built  for  the  sixth  grades  at  Whittier, 
have  been  moved  to  the  Garfield  lot,  and  a  room  in  a  dwelling 
across  the  street  has  been  leased  to  partially  accommodate  the 
overflow. 

In  Latin  there  are  250,  and  in  Spanish  32. 

Mr.  Hennessey  is  an  expert  in  Higher  English  and  Dramatic 
work,  and  the  stageing  of  the  plays  under  his  direction  is  strictly 

first  class. 

About  50  pupils  complete  the  9th  grade  each  term.  Practically 
all  of  these  continue  their  studies  in  the  High  School.  Garfield 
pupils  make  good  records  in  the  advanced  schools. 

A  flourishing  Athletic  Organization  is  always  in  existence  and 
a  fine  spirit  in  school  athletics  is  developed.  The  school  is  partic- 
ularly strong  in  Basketball. 

The  key-note  of  the  Garfield  School  is  the  same  as  of  the  other 
Intermediate  Schools.  It  is  co-operation.  The  school  won  the 
Jubilee  cup  for  the  school  making  the  best  showing  in  the  Jubilee 
Parade,  and  last  year  they  won  the  Elks'  silver  cup  for  the  school 
making  the  best  showing  at  the  regular  annual  track  meet. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  87 


CHAPTER  XX 
LINCOLN    SCHOOL 

Built 1889 

Cost $35,500 

Size  of  Lot. 

On  King  street 271  ft. 

On  Alcatraz  avenue 120  ft. 

On  Harmon  street 120  ft. 

On  Ellis  street 110  ft. 

Manual  Training  Building. 

Built 1907 

Cost $2,000 

Architect A.  H.  Broad 

Builder A.  H.  Broad 

The  annexation  of  Lorin,  now  known  as  South  Berkeley,  was 
formally  reported  to  the  Board  on  May  12th,  1892.  At  this  time, 
the  school  building  had  6  rooms,  3  of  which  were  furnished  and 
occupied.  As  the  original  Lorin  School  District  was  divided  by 
this  annexation,  people  living  in  the  portion  not  annexed  claimed 
the  right  to  send  their  children  to  the  Lorin  School  because  they 
had  been  taxed  to  help  pay  for  the  building.  For  years  this  was 
a  constant  source  of  annoyance,  but  I  am  sure  that  the  question 
has  long  since  been  settled  to  the  satisfaction  of  both  Oakland 
and  Berkeley.  When  the  annexation  was  completed  the  name  of 
the  school  was  changed  to  "The  Lincoln  School."  As  has  already 
been  stated,  the  policy  of  the  Board  was  developed  upon  the  idea 
of  16  class  rooms  in  the  populous  centers,  and  smaller  buildings 
in  the  outlying  sections  as  feeders  for  these  larger  schools. 

This  plan  was  carried  out  by  additions  from  time  to  time  as 
needed  until  even  on  this  small  lot  they  have  the  16  rooms,  an 
Assembly  Hall  and  a  Manual  Training  building. 

Mr.  L.  M.  Frick  was  the  first  principal.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  M.  J.  Congdon.     In  1900,  Mr.  Elmer  E.  Nichols  assumed  the 


SS  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

principalship  and  held  it  until  1906,  when  he  left  educational  work 
for  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  very  successful  as  a  school  princi- 
pal and  has  become  a  "bright  and  shining  light"  in  the  legal 
profession. 

Mr.  J.  L.  Blumb  has  been  principal  of  the  school  ever  since 
Mr.  Nichols  left.  Under  his  wise  and  very  practical  management 
the  school  has  become  an  important  factor  in  the  social  and  intel- 
lectual life  of  the  community. 

Mr.  Blumb  is  especially  helpful  to  the  teachers  of  little  or  no 
e.xperience,  who  are  willing  to  be  helped,  and  many  a  teacher 
who  is  now  successful,  owes  her  success  to  his  influence  and 
direction. 

The  principal  has  furnished  the  following,  giving  an  outline  of 
special  features  introduced  into  the  work  in  the  Lincoln  School: 

"Recently,  Dramatic  Reading  has  been  introduced  in  each 
grade  from  the  second  to  the  sixth  inclusive.  This  has  proved  very 
successful  and  of  great  value  to  the  school,  particularly  in  the  up- 
per grades.  In  introducing  this  work,  the  primary  aim  has  been  to 
obtain  better  expression  in  reading.  As  the  work  has  grown  it 
has  been  found  beneficial  not  only  to  the  reading,  but  also  of  great 
help  to  the  children  in  all  subjects  requiring  oral  expression.  In 
teaching  Dramatic  Reading,  the  work  is  all  done  in  the  Assembly 
Hall,  using  the  stage.  The  child  is  required  to  do  most  of  the 
work  at  sight,  so  that  all  of  his  powers  of  quick  thinking  and 
acting  are  required.  Thus  he  also  learns  to  scan  the  printed 
page  and  pick  out  the  essential  things  and  understand  them  almost 
at  a  glance.     Ability  to  do  this  is  the  basis  of  education. 

There  are  really  no  stage  properties,  a  few  articles  being 
kept  on  hand  which  do  service  for  many  things;  for  instance,  a 
blackboard  eraser  is  eoually  as  useful  for  a  pair  of  shoes  as 
for  a  loaf  of  bread.  Thus  the  child's  imagination  is  developed. 
When  no  stage  properties  are  used,  the  child  imagines  that  he  has 
something.  For  example  he  opens  a  door  and  closes  it,  but  there 
is  no  door  there,  only  as  he  sees  it  in  his  imagination.  He  gives  a 
beggar  an  imaginary  dollar  from  an  imaginary  purse  taken  from 
an  imaginary  pocket.  Not  only  is  the  imagination  of  the  child 
reading  the  part  developed,  but  also  that  of  the  others  who  are 
pla\'ing  the  part  of  the  audience.  When  a  child  is  assigned  a 
part,  he  at  once  forgets  himself  and  becomes  the  character  that 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  89 

he  is  to  portray.  If  he  takes  the  part  of  an  old  man,  or  of  a 
donkey,  he  acts  the  part  without  a  thought  of  his  real  self. 

This  phase  has  been  rather  a  difficult  one  in  the  upper  grades 
as  the  children  there  are  naturally  very  self-conscious,  and  this,  of 
course,  is  very  detrimental  to  all  of  their  school  v^^ork.  Hence,  the 
great  value  of  Dramatic  Reading  in  other  lines  of  regular  school 
work  by  helping  the  child  to  overcome  self-consciousness,  is  plainly 
seen.  I  find  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  excellent  expression  in  read- 
ing when  the  child's  body  is  expressing  correctly  the  lines  that  he 
is  reading.  For  instance  if  he  invites  some  one  to  come  in,  and 
at  the  same  time  uses  a  gesture  of  invitation,  the  correct  oral 
expression  is  bound  to  come. 

The  stories  used  are  only  of  the  best  things  found  in  Litera- 
ture. These  are  closely  correlated  to  their  study  of  History  and 
English,  thus  clinching,  through  dramatic  action,  the  things  that 
they  have  learned  in  these  subjects.  In  choosing  the  best  things 
in  the  Drama  and  Literature,  we  are  creating  a  love  for  only  the 
best  books  and  stories,  and  this,  in  itself,  fosters  a  dislike  for 
trashy  and  vulgar  things.  This  is  of  great  value  in  the  molding  of 
character.  A  child  is  a  natural  actor.  His  imagination  is  keen. 
Too  little  is  done  to  develop  these  elements  of  the  child's  character. 
Di-amatic  Reading  will  help  to  do  this,  and  may  thus  become  a 
great  aid  to  the  other  school  work.  We  have  found  it  invaluable 
and  wish  that  it  might  be  made  a  permanent  addition  to  the 
'Course  of  Study'  in  all  the  schools." 

Additional  yard  room  is  the  great  need  for  the  Lincoln  School, 
but  it  is  not  an  easy  problem  to  find  it  in  close  touch  with  the 
rest  of  the  school  property.  The  school  lot  is  entirely  too  small 
to  admit  of  any  work  in  the  line  of  school  gardening. 


90  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXI 
LE  CONTE  SCHOOL 

Built 1892 

Architect A.   H.   Broad 

Contractor Anderson   and   Greig 

Original   cost $20,000 

Primary  Building. 

Built  1909 

Cost $2,000 

Manual  Training  Building. 

Built 1907 

Architect A.  H.  Broad 

Cost $2,000 

Size  of   Lot. 

On  Russell  street 271  ft. 

On  Ellsworth  street 269  ft. 

On  Oregon  street 271  ft. 

This  school  was  opened  in  1892  with  six  class  rooms.  The 
building  has  been  enlarged  at  different  times  until  it  has  the 
standard  number  of  sixteen  rooms  and  a  separate  building  for 
Manual  Training  and  Domestic  Arts. 

The  following  have  been  principals  of  the  school: 
Miss  Alice  Keefer,  1892-1898;  Miss  Juliet  H.  Lumbard,  1898- 
1901;   Miss  Lillie   Hamlin,   1901-1905;  Miss   Alice   Keefer,   1905- 
1907;  Mr.  W.  W.  Nichols,  1907-1909;  Mr.  F.  H.  Hoffman,  1909- 
1910;  Mr.  J.  A.  Imrie,  1910  to  date. 

Mr.  Nichols  became  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education  under 
Superintendent  Bunker  in  1909,  and  Mr.  F.  H.  Hoffman  was 
elected  principal  in  his  place.  When  the  Washington  School 
became  an  Intermediate  school,  Mr.  Imrie  went  to  the  Le  Conte. 

In  1896,  a  two  room  building  was  erected  to  provide  for  the 
overflow,  until  permanent  additions  could  be  made.  Later,  this 
little  building  was  moved  to  the  High  School  lot,  where  it  is  now 
in  daily  use  as  the  music  room  of  the  High  School. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  91 

The  Le  Conte  School  {garden  has  been  the  most  successful  of 
any  in  Berkeley,  and  as  Mr.  Imrie  is  an  expert  in  this  line,  his 
practical  application  of  the  science  of  tilling  the  soil  has  produced 
excellent  results.  He  has  very  willinj^ly  {jiven  me  a  brief  outline 
of  his  work  in  Berkeley.  He  says:  "I  commenced  garden  work 
in  1907,  when  I  came  to  the  Washington  School.  We  found  a 
vacant  lot  near  the  school  which  was  available,  and  our  first  at- 
tempts were  here.  We  planted  a  lawn  and  a  few  ornamental 
shrubs  near  the  building,  and  this  work  was  continued  for  two 
and  one-half  years  of  my  stay  at  this  school. 

Upon  taking  charge  of  the  Le  Conte  School,  we  at  once  started 
the  gardens  which  have  been  maintained  ever  since  with  varying 
degrees  of  success.  In  addition  to  gardens  upon  the  school 
premises,  two  vacant  lots  near  by  have  been  used,  sometimes,  as  a 
community  garden  and  at  other  times  the  individual  plot  system 
has  been  followed.  As  a  general  rule,  the  work  has  been  done  by 
pupils  in  the  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  grades,  and  a  large  percentage 
of  those  who  have  plots  in  the  school  garden,  have  home  gardens 
also.     The  school  garden  is  thus  an  incentive  to  home  work. 

A  garden  club  has  been  formed  under  the  direction  of  one  of 
the  teachers.  This  club  has  a  regular  meeting  every  two  weeks 
and  the  members  discuss  various  phases  of  the  entire  school  work, 
especially  that  pertaining  to  the  garden. 

Exhibitions  of  garden  products  have  been  held  from  time  to 
time,  and  these  have  fostered  an  interest  in  the  movement.  A 
large  part  of  the  nature  study  clusters  about  the  garden  activities. 
The  plants  and  insects  found  there  furnish  fine  material  for  this 
study." 

The  school  garden  can  be  a  success  only  when  placed  upon 
the  school  lot,  and  under  the  direction  of  some  one  who  is  skillful 
in  this  kind  of  work. 

A  very  able  corps  of  teachers  at  the  Le  Conte  School  stand 
ready  to  carry  out  any  plan  that  the  principal  suggests.  Hence 
the  success  of  the  school  garden  in  this  school. 


92  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXII 
OXFORD  SCHOOL 

Built  1909 

Architect Mr.   Plowman 

Cost $24,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

On  Oxford  street 200  ft. 

On  Walnut  street 225  ft. 

South  Line 288  ft. 

North  Line 279  ft. 

This  school  was  opened  in  1910,  with  Mrs.  Clara  Partridge  in 
charge.  It  has  been  of  very  rapid  growth.  There  are  now  6  full 
grades  besides  the  kindergarten,  and  some  of  the  classes  are  over- 
crowded. Skillful  management  and  a  good  corps  of  teachers  have 
made  the  school  a  credit  to  the  department,  and  the  children  and 
parents  as  well  are  loyal  to  their  local  school,  and  its  interests. 
Provision  should  be  made  at  once  at  this  building  for  instruction 
in  Manual  Training.  The  children  now  take  this  work  at  the 
Whittier  School.  Pupils  from  the  Hillside  School  also  make  use 
of  the  Whittier  shop.  This  is  not  ideal.  The  work  for  all  classes 
should  be  provided  for  in  their  own  building.  A  sense  of  owner- 
ship is  very  strongly  developed  in  some  children  and  the  idea  of 
walking  four  or  five  blocks  to  use  another  fellow's  shop  is  not  at 
all  pleasing  to  the  average  boy.  The  principal,  Mrs.  Partridge,  has 
kindly  furnished  the  following  with  regard  to  the  past  of  the 
school,  and  a  glimpse  into  the  future,  based  upon  the  high  ideals 
to  which  the  teachers  aspire: 

"At  the  close  of  the  first  day  of  school  in  the  Oxford  building, 
August  4th,  1910,  there  were  99  children  enrolled  in  nine  grades 
under  the  charge  of  three  teachers:  Mrs.  Partridge,  Miss  Porter, 
and  Miss  Newton.  Three  rooms  in  the  shell  had  already  been 
completed,  two  in  the  east  wing,  and  one  in  the  north  wing.  Now, 
in  November,  1917,  there  are  nine  regular  class  rooms  occupied, 
and   classes  are  conducted  in  the  principal's  office,  the  teachers' 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  93 

kitchen  and  dining  room,  and  a  kindergarten  in  the  small  tower 
room  over  the  furnace  room.  The  principal's  desk  is  on  a  square 
of  carpet  in  the  hall,  and  there  in  the  glow  of  a  goose-neck  lamp 
the  principal  sits  and  wishes  for  rooms,  and  still  more  rooms. 

During  the  first  year  there  were  140  children  enrolled  in  the 
school.  At  the  present  writing  there  have  been  enrolled  since  the 
opening  day  of  this  term,  July  30th,  1917,  in  the  kindergarten 
32  children,  and  in  the  grades  394,  making  a  total  of  426. 

During  the  seven  years  since  the  opening,  there  have  been  678 
children  enrolled  who  have  passed  out  of  the  school  into  the  Inter- 
mediate Schools,  or  who  have  removed  to  other  districts.  The 
total  number  of  children  who  have  been  in  attendance  since 
August  4th,  1910,  is  1104. 

The  first  class  to  be  promoted  to  the  Low  7th,  Intermediate, 
numbered  20,  and  were  sent  out  in  December,  1911.  The  pro- 
motions to  Low  7th  have  been  as  follows: 

1911-1912 38 

1912-1913 37 

1913-1914 30 

1914-1915 49 

1915-1916 60 

1916-1917 65 

TOTAL 279 

During  our  first  term  there  were  107  families  represented  in 
our  enrollment.  Thus  far  in  our  fall  term,  1917,  there  are  291 
families  represented  in  the  grades,  and  10  additional  families  in 
the  kindergarten. 

The  Oxford  School  was  opened  when  the  Intermediate  School 
system  had  been  established  for  five  months.  Its  aim,  therefore, 
was  fixed  from  the  start.  It  was  an  elementary  school,  and  as 
such  had  a  definite  field.  The  three  pioneer  teachers  of  the  school 
cherished  an  ideal.  The  school  was  to  be  a  family  of  boys  and 
girls  and  foster  mothers.  As  the  corps  has  been  enlarged  the 
ideal  has  become  more  deeply  fixed,  and  so  far  as  we  are  able  to 
do  so,  we  work  upon  a  family  footing.  There  are  no  division 
fences  in  the  yard.  Our  boys  and  girls  are  playing  together  as 
they  do  in  their  own  homes.  It  is  no  uncommon  sight  to  see  a 
boy  and  a  girl  turning  a  rope  while  other  girls  and  boys  "chase 
the  fox"  merrily.     Because  of  the  home  thought  that  we  teachers 


94  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

have,  there  is  a  happy  observance  of  the  festival  days  that  children 
love.'  From  the  first  Christmas  on,  there  has  been  a  decorated 
Christmas  tree  in  the  main  hall,  (we  do  not  possess  an  Assembly 
Hall)  and  there  througrhout  the  last  week  the  children  gather  for 
the  Christmas  exercises.  In  1915,  the  parents  contributed  an 
electric  light  set  for  the  tree,  and  these  lights  are  turned  on  at 
every  recess  during  Christmas  week.  Of  their  own  volition  the 
children  gather  and  sing  the  songs  that  they  have  learned  for  the 
season.  For  several  years  the  older  children  have  made  Christ- 
mas gifts  for  the  unfortunate  children  who  are  wards  at  the 
County  Infirmary.  Last  year  the  Mothers'  Club  inspired  by  the 
children's  activities,  made  bright  little  bags  for  the  bed-ridden 
women  of  the  Infirmary. 

In  the  spring  of  1916,  the  school,  including  the  kindergarten, 
took  part  in  a  Shakespeare  Pageant  through  the  grounds,  and 
presented  various  scenes  on  the  level  spot  called  "the  ball  field." 

In  the  spring  of  1917,  the  children  had  a  Story-book  Pageant, 
based  upon  the  work  in  the  California  State  Series  of  Readers. 

Plans  for  the  Pageant  for  1918  are  now  being  made.  The 
regular  work  of  the  school  is  being  done,  in  so  far  as  it  is  humanly 
possible,  with  the  purpose  of  making  the  children  independent 
intellectually,  vigorous  physically,  and  strong  morally.  Much 
emphasis  is  put  upon  the  Physical  Culture  Course,  the  develop- 
ment of  power  in  the  text  book  subjects  and  the  awakening  of  the 
will  to  do  their  best  in  all  of  the  day's  work.  Since  we  are  a 
happy  set  of  people,  teachers  and  children  together,  we  feel  that 
in  a  measure  we  are  attaining  our  ideals." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  95 


CHAPTER   XXIII 
JEFFERSON  SCHOOL 

Built 1906 

Architect A.   H.   Broad 

Cost  $17,500 

Size  of  Lot. 

305  by  270  feet. 

This  school  was  opened  in  1907  with  Miss  Mary  O'Bannon  as 
principal.  The  following  letter  from  her  is  so  very  much  to  the 
point  that  I  give  it  entire: 

April  11th,  1918, 
Dear  Mr.  Waterman : 

You  wish  to  know  something  of  the  history  of  the  Jefferson 
School  from  one  who  has  been  connected  with  it  from  the  day  of 
its  opening.  I  hardly  feel  that  I  am  the  one  to  write,  for  I  am 
so  conscious  that  such  an  account  may  be  entirely  too  full  of 
"I's"  and  "we's." 

You  remember  the  beginning  of  the  work  with  four  teachers, 
with  the  youngest  and  the  greenest  one  of  the  four  at  the  head; 
but  my  heart  was  then,  and  still  is,  in  the  work.  This  has  always 
been  a  very  interesting  district.  We  are  far  enough  from  the 
center  of  the  town  to  be  quite  the  center  of  our  own  community — 
in  fact,  almost  like  a  country  school.  The  people  of  the  district 
are  always  ready  to  assist  in  every  way. 

When  I  think  how  I  ordered  a  piano  for  the  school  during  that 
first  year  and  had  it  charged  to  myself,  I  marvel  at  my  rashness 
and  I  marvel  still  more  at  the  cheerful  way  in  which  the  people 
took  over  my  indebtedness.  In  a  very  short  time  they  had  spent 
several  hundred  dollars  for  the  benefit  of  the  school.  They  did 
not  spend  it  as  they  wished,  but  as  we.  The  Faculty,  thought  best. 

In  the  second  year  Miss  McKee  had  left  and  Miss  Stearns  had 
taken  her  place.  The  main  difference  in  the  work  was  an  in- 
creased  interest   in   athletics.     People   began  to   realize   that   the 


96  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

Jefferson   School  was  really  in   existence,   for  our  baseball   and 
basketball  teams  were  in  evidence  in  every  contest. 

'  \t  the  beginning  of  the  third  year,  Miss  Tucker  came  in,  and 
^sheand  Miss  McMurchy  (now  Mrs.  Shields)  established  a  stand- 
ard for  our  primary  work  that  we  are  still  holding,  and  of  which 
we  are  very  proud— good  solid  foundation  work  full  of  interest 
for  the  small  people. 

The  fourth  year  brought  Miss  Clements  (now  Mrs.  Stoll)  and 
for  two  years  our  work  was  somewhat  different.  We  had  more 
music  and  folk-dancing  and  the  mothers  swelled  with  pride  when 
viewing  the  accomplishments  of  their  little  folks. 

By  1912  another  room  was  needed,  and  we  surely  began  to  feel 
very  important.  The  people  of  the  district  took  a  renewed  inter- 
est in  the  school.  Our  Improvement  Club  became  more  active  and 
for  several  years  we  had  lecturers  from  the  University.  The  at- 
tendance atthese  lectures  averaged  above  ninety.  Among  other 
things  the  Board  of  Education  gave  us  a  stereopticon.  By  Jan- 
uary, 1914,  the  school  had  increased  so  rapidly  that  a  second 
room'  was  added  and  in  the  fall  of  1915  still  another  room  was 
needed. 

As  the  Assembly  Hall  had  been  converted  into  a  class  room, 
we  could  no  longer  accommodate  the  people  who  wished  to  attend 
the  lectures.  For  this  reason  we  were  obliged  to  discontinue  the 
evening  meetings  and  to  wait  until  an  assembly  hall  could  be  built. 
We  are  still  waiting.  In  the  fall  of  1914  the  kindergarten  was 
organized.      It  has  had  a  full  attendance  from  the  start. 

In  the  fall  of  1916  a  small  frame  building,  which  we  are  still 
using,  was  moved  from  the  Washington  to  the  Jefferson  School  lot. 
I  do  not  know  of  much  else  to  tell  about  our  school.  We 
think  it  is  quite  wonderful,  of  course.  The  same  ten  teachers 
have  been  here  for  the  last  two  years.  If  you  could  be  vsdth  us 
some  noontime  you  would  realize  how  unusually  congenial  we 
really  are.  The  school  office  has  to  serve  as  dining  room,  for  we 
long  ago  outgrew  the  teachers'  room,  and  at  noon  this  is  the  jolliest 
of  places. 

Nor  does  our  friendship  stop  with  our  jolly  times.  All  the 
teachers  are  so  proud  of  one  another's  work.  They  are  sure  that 
no  one  but  our  primary  teachers  could  so  thoroughly  start  a  child, 
and  that  no  one  but  Miss  Parker  so  well  trim  off  the  rough  edges 
and  poli.sh  him  for  the  next  higher  school. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  97 

We  try  to  do  our  share  of  Red  Cross  work.  Every  child  in 
the  school  is  a  member  of  the  Junior  Red  Cross.  For  two  years 
we  have  supported  an  Armenian  orphan.  Of  course,  we  have 
added  the  sale  of  Thrift  Stamps  to  the  usual  banking. 

We  have  had  our  share  in  all  the  parades  and  the  shows,  and 
have  usually  had  our  own  May  Day  festival  here.  At  present  the 
building  quakes  many  times  a  day  with  the  tread  of  May  pole 
dances. 

I  am  afraid  that  I  have  not  told  exactly  what  you  wanted, 
there  are  so  many  things  that  one  can  Avrite  about  the  general 
routine  of  school  life.     Come  to  see  us  some  day. 

Sincerely, 
MARY  B.  O'BANNON. 


96  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXIV 
JOHN  MUIR   SCHOOL 

Built 1916 

Architect  James  Placheck 

Contractor Mr.  Wade 

Cost    $28,000 

Cost  of  the  lot $50,000 

Size  of  Lot. 
(About  four  acres) 

Claremont  avenue 324  ft. 

N.  line  396  ft. 

S.   line   560  ft. 

There  is  nothing  distinctive  about  the  v^^ork  at  the  John  Muir 
School  except  with  the  children  from  four  and  one-half  to  six 
years  of  age. 

With  these  children  the  plan  as  set  forth  by  Madame  Mon- 
tessori  in  her  book  called  in  English,  "The  Montessori  Method," 
has  been  closely  followed.  The  department  is  to  be  congratulated 
in  having  secured  Miss  Lydia  Atterbury  to  manage  the  affairs  of 
this  school.  Miss  Atterbury  has  been  for  several  years  a  very 
successful  grade  teacher,  and  has  also  been  a  student  of  this  sys- 
tem under  Madame  Montessori  herself. 

Everything  about  the  school  is  ideal.  The  lot  itself  consisting 
of  nearly  four  acres  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  in  Berkeley, 
being  a  part  of  the  old  Cox  home  site.  The  trees  are  large  and 
beautiful  and  a  creek  crosses  the  lot  on  the  Eastern  side.  The 
school  is  near  the  Claremont  Hotel.  There  is  ample  room  for 
school  garden,  playgrounds  and  exercises  of  all  kinds. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  99 


CHAPTER  XXV 
HILLSIDE  SCHOOL 

Built 1900 

Architect  Mr.   Stone 

Contractor Phil  Sheridan 

Cost $7,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

On  Virginia 150  ft. 

On  Leroy  Avenue 125  ft. 

This  school  was  opened  in  1901  under  the  management  of 
Mrs.  C.  G.  Potwin.  On  the  death  of  Mrs.  Potwin,  Miss  B.  J.  Bar- 
rows was  transferred  from  the  Whittier  School,  and  made  prin- 
cipal of  the  Hillside  School.  She  has  remained  in  this  position  up 
to  the  present  time  and  has  given  to  the  community  a  school  as 
good  as  any.  They  have  been  crowded  for  room  in  some  of  the 
classes,  but  have  made  the  best  of  a  difficult  situation,  and  have 
made  a  good  record. 

As  there  is  no  Manual  Training  plant  on  the  school  premises, 
and  as  the  lot  is  so  diminutive,  the  children  who  desire  instruction 
in  this  branch  of  education  have  to  travel  at  least  six  blocks  for 
the  privilege  of  using  the  shop  and  tools  really  belonging  to  an- 
other set  of  children.  The  idea  of  "ownership"  is  very  thoroughly 
fixed  in  children  of  the  age  of  fifth  grade  pupils.  The  fact  that 
there  are  no  facilities  for  this  work  at  the  Hillside  School,  and  no 
possible  chance  for  a  building  on  the  lot  has  proved  to  be  a  decided 
handicap. 

Recently,  an  open  air  room  has  been  added  to  the  building  and 
this  is  used  for  the  kindergarten,  which  is  well  attended. 


100  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXVI 
HAWTHORNE  SCHOOL 

Built 1909 

Architects Young  &  Bradley- 
Cost  $24,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

Snyder  Avenue 352  ft. 

Ninth  Street 292  ft. 

Bungalow. 

Built 1909 

Architect Henry   Boehrer 

Cost $2,000 

In  1899  a  lot  was  purchased  on  8th  and  Grayson  Streets 
and  a  small  building  of  two  rooms,  which  had  been  used  as  a 
primary  building  at  the  San  Pablo  Avenue  School  for  a  number 
of  years,  was  moved  to  this  lot,  and  it  was  used  until  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Hawthorne  School  on  Snyder  Avenue.  The  Haw- 
thorne School  was  opened  in  1909.  Miss  Luie  Taft  was  elected 
principal,  and  on  her  refusal  to  take  the  position,  Mrs.  Beatrice 
Wilmans  was  appointed.  As  Mrs.  Wilmans  has  made  such  a  splen- 
did success  of  this  school  I  have  asked  her  to  furnish  me  with  an 
outline  of  its  work,  and  she  has  very  kindly  given  me  the  follow- 
ing for  which  we  are  all  very  glad: 

"The  present  school  building  built  to  take  the  place  of  the  old 
Grayson  Street  School  was  finished  on  the  lower  floor  only,  during 
the  summer  of  1909,  and  opened  with  three  rooms  occupied,  in 
August  of  that  year.  I  was  appointed  to  this  position  by  Mr. 
Frank  F.  Bunker,  then  City  Superintendent.  This  appointment 
came  only  two  days  before  the  opening  of  school.  Miss  Susie 
McClure  and  Miss  Florence  Malone  were  the  assistants.  We 
opened  with  1st,  2nd,  3rd,  and  4th  grades,  and  an  enrollment  of 
100  children. 

After  examining  groups  and  individuals  among  the  children 
and  their  families,  and  making  a  general  survey  of  the  neighbor- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  101 

hood  the  idea  suggested  itself  to  me  that  the  school  could  give  its 
best  service  only  if  it  should  combine  as  large  an  amount  as  pos- 
sible of  social  work  with  the  regular  school  work.  We  have  con- 
tinued to  incorporate  this  feature  more  and  more  with  the  edu- 
cational functions  of  the  school. 

We  began  this  work  in  a  very  small  way,  supplying  clothing 
to  needy  children — clothing  that  had  been  given  to  us  by  those 
who  were  interested  in  the  school.  Later,  Mr.  Frank  McAllister, 
Department  Truant  Officer,  supplied  us  with  clothing,  shoes  and 
other  necessities  quite  regularly,  and  the  Churches  and  Federated 
Mothers'  Clubs  have  helped  materially  in  this  service.  The  Board 
of  Education  obligingly  installed  a  bathtub  in  the  building  early 
in  the  history  of  the  school,  and  we  were  able  to  bathe  and  clothe 
children  who  were  not  cared  for  at  home. 

When  additional  rooms  were  finished  in  the  building,  and  the 
fifth  and  sixth  grades  were  installed  we  were  confronted  with  the 
problem  of  Domestic  Science  equipment  for  the  girls,  and  with  the 
idea  of  special  service  in  our  minds  for  that  sort  of  a  school  we 
hit  upon  the  plan  of  a  cottage — a  model  bungalow  which  would 
serve  to  provide  training  in  the  various  branches  of  simple  house- 
keeping and  which  could  be  used  for  club  meetings,  socials,  etc., 
as  well. 

The  Board  of  Education,  while  heartily  approving  of  this  plan, 
was  unable  to  provide  funds  for  carrying  it  out,  but  agreed  to 
supply  the  plumbing  as  their  share  toward  the  enterprise.  All 
other  expenses  connected  with  the  building  and  the  equipment 
were  met  by  private  subscriptions,  or  money  raised  by  entertain- 
ments and  bazaars.  Mrs.  Phoebe  Hearst  gave  the  first  $500 
really  making  the  bungalow  possible.  Since  its  completion  the 
little  building  has  been  the  center  of  many  of  the  activities  of  the 
school  and  neighborhood. 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  of  the  University  became 
interested  in  the  school  and  its  efforts,  and  we  have  been  able  to 
keep  up  quite  regularly,  clubs,  classes  in  dancing,  sewing,  read- 
ing, night  school  and  athletic  associations,  through  the  invaluable 
aid  of  these  students.  Through  the  generous  co-operation  of  the 
Berkeley  Federated  Mothers'  Clubs,  who  supplied  money  to  pay 
the  teacher,  and  the  Board  of  Education,  who  supplied  the  kits, 
we  have  been  able  to  give  the  sixth  grade  boys  lessons  in  cobbling, 
and  to  do  considerable  practical  work  along  that  line,  making  over 


102  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

worn  shoes  that  were  sent  to  us.  so  that  they  could  be  used  by  the 

children.  ,,11. 

Gardening  has  been  a  feature  of  the  school  work,  and  we  have 
a  successful  garden  almost  every  year  since  the  school  was  in- 
stituted. We  have  also  had  for  about  two  years  a  branch  of  the 
Berkeley  Public  Library  installed  in  our  school  and  it  is  increas- 
ingly meeting  the  needs  of  the  adult  community,  as  well  as  those 
of  the  children. 

The  building  has  been  open  practically  every  Sunday  afternoon 
for  three  years  with  some  social  activities — concerts,  reading 
groups,  games  and  other  forms  of  recreation.  The  Library  also  is 
open  on  Sunday  afternoons.  The  entire  community  of  Berkeley 
has  been  most  sympathetic  and  has  responded  generously  to  our 

needs. 

The  factories  all  along  the  West  side,  and  especially  those  near 
to  the  school  have  many  times  responded  with  sums  of  money  for 
any  good  object  which  we  have  had  in  view.  The  various  manufac- 
turers gave  checks  for  $100,  and  smaller  sums  towards  the  build- 
ing of  the  bungalow.  They  also  gave  us  enough  money  to  secure 
Pathescope  films  for  a  year — five  reels  each  week.  The  San 
Francisco  Sulphur  Co.,  whose  works  adjoin  the  school  grounds, 
graveled  and  oiled  the  entire  sidewalk  area  on  both  sides  of  the 
yard,  free  of  charge,  and  in  fact,  the  factory  owners  have  gen- 
erously backed  up  our  efforts  in  every  way.  The  City  of  Berkeley 
has  put  in  storm  sewers,  and  has  changed  Snyder  Avenue,  which 
was  simply  a  deep  gully  in  1909,  into  a  fine  well-paved  street. 
The  Board  of  Education  has  transformed  the  large  school  yard 
from  a  plowed  field  in  1909  into  a  well-drained,  graveled,  and 
thoroughly  satisfactory  playground. 

The  teachers  who  have  served  in  the  Hawthorne  school  have 
been  most  interested  in  the  wider  social  aspect  of  their  work  and 
have  continued  to  be  so,  even  after  leaving.  Miss  Susie  McClure, 
Miss  Mary  Way,  and  Miss  Irene  BuUen,  teachers  of  splendid  in- 
fluence in  the  community,  have  left,  at  various  times,  to  be  mar- 
ried. Miss  Florence  Malone,  one  of  the  original  group,  is  now 
in  the  Lincoln  School. 

The  present  grade  faculty  is  as  follows:  Miss  Blanche  Lewis, 
Mi.ss  Louise  Sloan,  Miss  Lucile  Rives,  Miss  Marguerite  Shoecraft, 
Miss  Elsie  Fores,  Miss  Marian  Stone,  Mrs.  Irene  Bullen  Frazier, 
who  has  decided  to  return  to  us  as  teacher  of  the  sixth  grade. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  103 

A  kindergarten  was  added  in  1914,  and  it  has  flourished 
splendidly  under  the  management  of  Miss  Helen  Stern,  reaching, 
at  the  end  of  the  spring  term  of  1917,  an  enrollment  of  forty-five. 
One  of  the  most  satisfactory  features  of  the  kindergarten  is  the 
eleven  o'clock  luncheon  of  crackers  and  milk,  which  has  been 
supplied  to  the  children  by  the  Board  of  Education  during  the 
last  year.  This  was  done  at  the  suggestion  of  Mrs.  Elvina  S. 
Beals. 

The  school,  which  entered  upon  its  career  practically  without 
possessions  of  any  kind,  now  has  four  pianos,  a  Victor  machine, 
a  Radiopticon,  a  Pathescope  moving  picture  machine  and  many 
pictures  and  other  objects  of  art  and  beauty. 

The  baseball  team  of  the  Hawthorne  School  holds  the  cham- 
pionship for  the  Elementary  School  League. 

Not  a  little  of  the  success  of  the  school  as  a  social  center  is 
due  to  the  janitor,  Mr.  William   Ofdenkamp. 

For  two  years,  however,  we  have  had  a  regular  social  service 
worker  in  charge  of  these  activities  in  the  school — Miss  Martha 
Parker,  an  eastern  woman  of  great  experience  and  ability,  who 
is  also  our  librarian.  Her  salary  as  social  worker  is  paid  by  vari- 
ous members  of  the  Federated  Churches  organization. 

Mr.  Gustave  Schneider,  Superintendent  of  Public  Playgrounds 
for  Berkeley,  has  carried  out  the  idea  of  co-operation  in  social 
service  by  using  the  school  building  as  a  community  house  in  con- 
nection with  his  work  at  the  San  Pablo  Park  Playground. 

Our  registration  is  now  265,  and  we  are  expecting  to  con- 
stantly widen  our  influence  for  good  in  the  community  in  the 
coming  years  as  our  neighborhood  grows  in  population  and  im- 
portance." 


104  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXVII 
COLUMBUS   SCHOOL 

Built 1892 

Architect A.  H.  Broad 

Contractor Robert  Gregg 

Cost $30,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

On  Allston  Way 260  ft. 

On  Eighth  Street 181  ft. 

On  Ninth  Street 181  ft. 

In  1892  this  school  was  opened  under  the  control  of  Mr.  J.  W. 
Warnick,  of  the  San  Pablo  Avenue  School,  with  Miss  Susie  Mc- 
Clure  as  vice-principal.  In  1898,  Mr.  Elmer  E.  Nichols  took 
charge  for  two  years.  The  Columbus,  the  Whittier  and  the 
LeConte  School  buildings  were  built  with  the  proceeds  of  the  same 
bond  issue  and  were  originally  six-room  buildings  and  exactly 
alike. 

Mr.  Nichols  was  transferred  to  the  Lincoln  School  in  1900, 
and  Mr.  Wiggington  Creed  succeeded  him  for  a  short  term,  and 
after  him  Mr.  Robert  C.  Root  was  principal  until  1903.  Mr. 
Root  was  transferred  to  the  History  Department  of  the  High 
School  and  Mr.  H.  H.  Glessner  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  In 
1906  Mr.  Glessner  became  principal  of  the  Whittier  School,  and 
was  succeeded  in  the  Columbus  by  Mr.  E.  H.  Mosher  until  1909. 
Then  Mr.  Mosher  was  appointed  principal  of  the  Emerson  School 
in  place  of  Miss  Emelie  Bergen,  who  was  absent  for  a  year,  on 
leave.  Mr.  Leander  Good  became  principal  of  the  Columbus 
school  in  1909.  He  has  filled  the  position  with  credit  to  himself 
and  benefit  to  the  department. 

In  1915,  during  Mr.  Good's  temporary  absence  for  the  year, 
Mr.  Connell  took  his  place. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  105 


CHAPTER  XXVIII 
EMERSON   SCHOOL 

Built 1906 

Architect F.  D.  Voorhies 

Contractor N.  Anderson 

Cost $35,000 

Size  of  Lot. 

On  Piedmont  Avenue 206  ft. 

On  Forest  Avenue 194  ft. 

On  Garber  Street 169   ft. 

In  1906,  with  money  provided  by  a  bond  issue  passed  in  May, 
1903,  a  building  of  ten  rooms  was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Pied- 
mont and  Forest  Avenues.  Four  rooms  have  since  been  added. 
At  first  a  lot  on  Russ  Street  was  purchased,  but  this  was  ex- 
changed later  for  the  lot  on  which  the  Emerson  School  now  stands. 
Miss  Emelie  Bergen  was  the  first  principal  at  the  opening  in 
1906.  She  was  transferred  from  the  Longfellow  School.  Miss 
Bergen  filled  this  position  very  acceptably  until  1909  when  she 
took  a  year's  leave  of  absence,  and  Mr.  E.  H.  Mosher  took  her 
place.     He  has  proved  to  be  "the  right  man  in  the  right  place." 

A  branch  of  the  Public  Library  was  located  in  this  building. 
It  was  and  is  a  power  for  good  in  the  school  and  the  community 
as  well.  As  the  room  used  by  the  library  was  needed  for  regular 
school  purposes,  the  Branch  Library  was  opened  on  College 
Avenue. 

This  school  is  one  of  the  best  equipped  schools  in  the  city, 
being  well  supplied  with  all  of  the  modern  appliances  for  excellent 
work  in  Music,  Drawing,  Domestic  Arts  and  Cooking.  The 
Parents'  Club  has  been  of  great  assistance  in  the  general  work  of 
the  district. 


106  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXIX 
LONGFELLOW  SCHOOL 

Built  on  Bancroft  Way 1897 

Architects  Cunningham  Bros. 

Contractor E,  J.   Squire 

Moved  to  Ward  Street 1905 

Cost  (including  additions) $40,000 

Kindergarten Built  in  1916 

Cost $1,300 

Size  of  Lot. 

On  Ward  Street 160  ft. 

On  California  Street 270  ft. 

A  lot  on  Bancroft  Way,  extending  from  Grove  Street  to  Mc- 
Kinley  Avenue,  was  bought  in  1896,  and  a  four-room  building 
was  erected  upon  this  lot.  This  building  had  its  frontage  on 
Bancroft  Way. 

Miss  Emelie  Bergen  was  the  first  principal.  The  school  was  at 
first  known  as  the  "Bancroft  Way  School."  The  change  of  name 
to  the  "Longfellow"  was  made  soon  after  the  opening. 

In  1905  a  lot  on  the  corner  of  California  and  Ward  Streets 
was  purchased  and  the  old  building  was  moved  to  this  lot,  and 
enlarged.  When  the  Emerson  School  was  opened  in  1906,  Miss 
Bergen  was  transferred  to  the  principalship,  and  Miss  Annie 
Woodall  took  her  place.  Under  Miss  Woodall's  management,  as- 
sisted by  a  fine  corps  of  teachers,  this  has  become  one  of  the 
largest  and  one  of  the  very  best  of  the  elementary  schools.  A 
few  years  ago  the  building  was  enlarged  for  the  second  time  and 
supplied  with  an  assembly  hall  and  other  essentials.  I  mention 
other  essentials,  because  no  really  successful  work  in  many  es- 
sential lines  can  be  done  if  the  assembly  room  is  lacking.  By  all 
means  have  a  well  equipped  room  of  this  kind  in  every  school 
building,  if  the  best  results  are  expected. 

Since  the  building  was  enlarged  for  the  second  time,  and  pro- 
vided with  an  assembly  room,  the  growth  of  the  school  has  been 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  107 

such  that  what  was  intended  for  assembly  purposes  is  now  used 
for  a  class  room,  and  even  the  principal's  office  is  anywhere  that 
an  unoccupied  chair  or  table  can  be  found.  A  recent  visit  to  this 
school  disclosed  the  fact  that  the  same  crowded  conditions  pre- 
vail here  now  that  were  found  ten  years  ago.  The  rest  of  the 
block  bounded  by  Ward,  Sacramento  and  Derby  Streets,  should 
be  purchased  at  once,  and  rooms  for  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Arts  should  be  provided.  Some  of  the  children  go  to  the 
Lincoln  School  building  for  Manual  Training,  some  to  the  Wash- 
ington, and  still  others  to  the  LeConte.  What  success  can  be 
expected  in  this  department  under  these  conditions? 

Recently  a  fine  building  for  the  kindergarten  has  been  erected 
and  a  flourishing  kindergarten  is  running  on  schedule  time  under 
competent  management. 


108  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXX 
SEVENTH  STREET  SCHOOL 

Built 1887 

Architect A.  H.  Broad 

Contractor C.  R.  Lord 

Cost $3,000 

Size  of  lot 100x120  ft. 

The  teachers  whose  names  are  given  have  been  identified  with 
this  little  school  since  the  building  was  erected:  Miss  Emily 
Squires,  Miss  Lillian  Welton,  Miss  Emma  Peterson,  Miss  M.  Ellen 
Wilson,  Miss  Nellie  Malloy,  Miss  B.  Louise  McKee,  Miss  Marietta 
Higgins,  Miss  Rita  Beatty,  Mrs.  Emma  S.  Wilkes,  Miss  May  Mac- 
Dougald. 

There  is  quite  an  interesting  story  leading  to  the  establishing 
of  this  school.  On  the  corner  of  what  was  then  the  San  Pablo 
Road  and  the  road  leading  westward  to  Jacob's  Landing,  later 
named  Delaware  Street,  stood  a  rambling,  old-fashioned,  clapboard 
inn  and  postoffice.  This  inn  was  conducted  by  Captain  and  Mrs. 
Bowen,  who  had  come  around  the  Horn  from  Boston.  The  old 
captain  was  a  veritable  seafaring  character.  His  good  wife  some 
sixty  years  ago  planted  the  tall  cypress  tree  still  standing  guard 
on  the  soil  trodden  by  hungry  and  thirsty  stagecoach  passengers 
from  San  Pablo  on  the  way  to  Oakland.  Captain  Bowen's  inn  was 
the  regular  stage  station  to  the  Ocean  View  district.  The  Ocean 
View  School  became  overcrowded  with  the  advent  of  the  Cornell 
Match  Factory,  the  Standard  Soap  Co.,  and  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad  Co.  On  the  death  of  Mrs.  Bowen,  business  at  the  inn 
waned  and  the  old  building  was  vacated. 

On  account  of  its  proximity  to  the  school  the  captain  rented 
the  building  to  the  Board  of  Education  for  its  first  overflow  pri- 
mary classes.  Soon  there  was  a  demand  for  more  room ;  the  build- 
ing on  Seventh  Street,  once  known  as  the  Methodist  Church,  and 
now  u.sed  as  Herman  Sons'  Hall,  was  utilized  for  primary  classes. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  109 

Finally,  in  1887,  this  two-room  building  was  erected  and  was 
in  constant  use  until  1905.  Meanwhile  the  Franklin  School  build- 
ing had  been  enlarged,  and  with  the  advent  of  Mr.  Geo.  D.  Kier- 
ulff  as  principal  of  the  Franklin,  all  of  the  Seventh  Street  classes 
were  transferred,  and  for  several  years  the  Seventh  Street  build- 
ing was  not  used.  A  few  years  since  it  was  opened  as  a  kin- 
dergarten under  the  auspices  of  the  Mothers'  Clubs.  It  is  now 
occupied  by  the  West  Berkeley  Public  Kindergarten. 

Miss  Minnie  Young  is  the  kindergarten  teacher. 


PAGE  STREET  SCHOOL. 

Size  of  lot 155x150  ft. 

There  was  never  any  especial  demand  for  a  school  building 
here,  as  the  Franklin  School  was  only  a  few  blocks  away,  but  the 
building  was  erected  and  utilized  as  a  whole,  or  in  part,  for  most 
of  the  time.  One  room  was  filled  and  taught  by  Mrs.  Wilkes  for 
four  years.     The  other  room  was  used  for  only  one  year. 

After  the  earthquake  the  building  was  occupied  by  people  who 
had  become  homeless  by  the  situation  in  San  Francisco.  Later, 
the  building  was  removed  to  East  Tenth  Street,  between  Univer- 
sity Avenue  and  Bristol  Street,  having  been  purchased  by  Mr. 
Holtz,  former  owner  of  Holtz  Hall.  It  became  the  first  "movie" 
in  West  Berkeley  and  was  called  "The  Fun  Theater." 


no  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXXI 
NIGHT   SCHOOLS 

The  proposition  to  establish  a  night  school  has  been  made 
periodically  for  over  twenty-five  years.  In  every  instance  until 
1911  the  life  of  such  schools  for  various  reasons  has  been  brief. 

As  long  ago  as  1895  a  petition  signed  by  forty  young  men  was 
presented  to  the  Board  of  Education,  asking  for  the  establishing 
of  a  night  school,  but  owing  to  a  shortage  of  funds,  the  class  was 
not  organized. 

The  most  signal  failure  was  in  1904  or  1905.  A  class  was 
organized  in  a  room  adjoining  the  former  office  of  the  Superinten- 
dent on  Allston  Way.  This  attempt  failed  on  account  of  gross 
mismanagement. 

In  1911,  a  night  school  was  organized  in  the  Franklin  school 
building.  This  school  has  been  a  success  from  the  start.  The 
success  here  is  due  to  two  main  factors — the  careful  preliminary 
work  among  the  people  done  by  Mr.  Preston,  the  principal  of  the 
Franklin  school,  and  the  selection  of  Mr.  Hennessey  as  the 
manager  and  principal  of  the  night  school.  This  school  was 
organized  at  about  the  time  that  the  Franklin  Intermediate  was 
organized  and  this  change  in  the  whole  situation  called  for  all  of 
the  energy  and  care  of  the  principal.  The  details  of  the  organiza- 
tion were  planned  by  Mr.  Bunker  and  Mr.  Hennessey. 

In  1913,  the  Lincoln  night  school  was  organized.  On  the 
completion  of  the  Edison  building,  the  Lincoln  night  school  was 
discontinued  and  the  classes  were  reorganized  in  the  Edison 
building.  This  change  was  made  on  account  of  better  facilities  for 
advanced  work. 

The  Franklin  night  school  was  transferred  to  the  Burbank 
school  building  in  August,  1915,  and  we  now  call  the  school  "The 
Burbank  Evening  School."  So  much  has  been  accomplished  by  this 
school  for  the  entire  city  and  for  the  local  community  especially, 
that  I  have  thought  it  worthy  of  more  than  a  passing  notice.     I 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  111 

give  in  full,  the  report  of  the  principal  for  the  year  ending  June 

30,  1916. 

REPORT  OF  FRANKLIN-BURBANK  EVENING  SCHOOL 
For  the  Year  Ending   May  23,    1916. 

The  school  opened  in  the  Franklin  school  building  on  August 

31,  1915  and  closed  Tuesday,  May  23,  1916.  Including  three  legal 
holidays,  the  school  was  in  session  four  evenings  each  week  for 
forty  weeks — a  total  of  160  evenings.  There  have  been  element- 
ary and  advanced  classes  in  several  branches.  The  subjects  taught 
during  the  year  are:  Reading,  Arthmetic,  Spelling,  Penmanship, 
Geography,  Grammar,  Physiology,  History,  Civics,  Commercial 
English,  Algebra,  Latin,  Spanish,  Bookkeeping,  Typewriting, 
Shorthand  and  Mechanical  Drawing.  The  school  sessions  began 
at  7:30  o'clock  each  evening  except  Friday  and  closed  at  9:30. 
The  time  was  divided  into  four  periods  of  thirty  minutes  each. 

Seven  teachers  have  been  employed  and  there  has  been  a  total 
enrollment  of  355  students  during  the  year,  234  men  and  121 
women.  The  age  of  the  students  varied  from  15  to  53  years. 
The  educational  preparation  varied  from  absolute  illiteracy  to 
college  graduation. 

Thirty-two  percent  of  the  students  were  of  foreign  birth. 
These  represented  twenty  nationalities  this  year,  as  follows: 
Italian,  Greek,  Spanish,  French,  Portuguese,  Swiss,  Belgian,  Aus- 
trian, German,  Russian,  Swede,  Norwegian,  Finn,  English,  Irish, 
Armenian,  Hindoo,  Japanese,  Mexican  and  Canadian.  The  pre- 
dominating nationalities  were  Greek  and  Mexican,  in  the  order 
named. 

The  course  in  Citizenship  was  completed  by  12  men,  who  are 
now  ready  to  take  out  their  naturalization  papers.  The  course 
in  Spanish  was  introduced  in  response  to  a  popular  demand. 
There  have  been  35  students  in  this  course,  and  the  work  has 
been  very  successful. 

Four  young  men  and  four  young  women  completed  the 
grammar  school  course  and  were  awarded  diplomas.  One  young 
man  and  three  young  women  received  the  "Certificate  of  Effi- 
ciency" in  Shorthand  and  Typewriting. 

"Certificates  of  Merit"  were  awarded  to  25  students  in  recog- 
nition of  their  regular  attendance  and  conscientious  work  during 
the  year. 


112  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

The  social  affairs  of  the  school  have  been  an  interesting  and 
valuable  feature.  Several  evening  programs  and  dances  vi^ere 
driven.  A  declamatory  contest  in  which  six  young  men  participated 
was  very  successfully  carried  out.  Medals  were  presented  to  the 
winners'  by  Mayor  S.  C.  Ii-%ing.  Two  plays  were  staged  and 
(riven  bv  the  students  during  the  year. 

A  "Chamber  of  Commerce"  was  organized  and  much  valuable 
work  in  debating  and  general  discussion  was  accomplished. 

The  "Kodak"  club  has  been  very  popular.  Several  trips  were 
taken  by  the  club,  to  the  Exposition,  Golden  Gate  Park  and  else- 
where, and  the  pictures  taken  on  those  occasions  were  developed 
and  printed  at  the  school. 

The  Bureau  of  Education  at  Washington,  D.  C,  is  now  send- 
ing each  month,  to  the  Superintendent  of  Schools,  in  every  city 
which  maintains  a  night  school,  the  names  of  all  candidates  for  first 
or  second  papers  in  his  district.  The  Superintendent  is  asked  to 
make  an  effort  to  bring  these  prospective  citizens  into  the  night 
school.  This  plan  is  comparatively  new  in  Berkeley,  but  a  few 
have  already  been  reached  by  these  means.  As  the  system  becomes 
better  known  there  will  doubtless  be  a  greater  number  who  will 
take  advantage  of  this  opportunity.  During  the  four  years  of  the 
school's  existence  more  than  1,000  students  have  been  enrolled, 
and  there  have  been  47  graduates.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  not  one 
of  these  graduates  would  have  had  the  opportunity  to  complete  a 
course  were  it  not  for  the  opening  of  this  school.  Thirty-five  per- 
cent of  those  enrolled  the  present  year  had  completed  the  Eighth 
grade. 

An  effort  should  be  made  to  bring  into  the  night  school  more 
women  of  foreign  birth,  housekeepers  and  mothers  of  families. 
Too  often,  the  children  of  foreign  parents  grow  away  from  their 
mothers,  as  the  latter  do  not  learn  the  language  and  customs  of 
this  country.  If  these  mothers  could  be  induced  to  come  to  the 
regular  classes,  or  to  a  special  class  in  sewing  once  a  week, 
this  condition  might  in  a  small  measure  be  remedied. 

The  Night  School  is  without  library  or  reference  facilities. 
There  should  be  a  number  of  good  reference  books,  and  a  number 
of  Bets  of  reference  readers  for  the  use  of  the  evening  school 
students. 

The  Board  of  Education  and  the  Superintendent  have  been  in- 
terested in  this  school  and  have  granted  all  requests  for  additional 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  113 

equipment  when   possible.      With   increased    facilities,   we   expect 
that  the  school  will  grow  better  year  by  year. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

D.  L.  HENNESSEY,  Principal. 

From  the  Franklin  Evening  Star  of  November  15,  1915,  the 
following  additional  points  are  talcen  as  illustrating  more  definitely 
some  phases  of  the  work. 

There  are  a  few  students  still  in  the  school  who  will  remember 
the  confusion  and  disorder  that  greeted,  on  the  opening  night,  the 
two  teachers  who  had  been  assigned  by  Superintendent  Bunker  to 
begin  the  experiment  of  an  evening  school  in  West  Berkeley.  A 
small  number  of  earnest  people  had  come  to  enroll  for  business, 
but  there  was  a  much  larger  number  of  disorderly,  noisy,  young 
men  who  had  come  out  of  curiosity  and  to  have  what  they  con- 
sidered a  good  time.  These  latter  gave  fictitious  names  on  the 
enrollment  cards;  they  scuffled  and  threw  books  and  played  har- 
monicas. Their  replies  to  the  instructor's  questions  were  unman- 
nerly to  the  last  degree.  To  make  matters  worse,  another  dis- 
orderly crowd  gathered  on  the  outside  of  the  building,  threw 
pebbles  at  the  window,  shouted,  "cat-called,"  and  disturbed  the 
peace  in  every  way  possible.  In  the  midst  of  the  session  an  over- 
ripe tomato,  thrown  through  an  open  window,  flattened  itself 
against  the  wall,  splattering  everything  in  the  vicinity. 

The  teachers  in  charge  dismissed  the  "school"  early.  Then 
they  sat  down  and  looked  at  each  other,  blankly. 

Neither  of  them  had  ever  had  an  experience  like  this  before. 
The  school  was  an  experiment.  It  was  up  to  them  to  make  it  go,  or 
abandon  it.  Their  first  evening  had  not  been  encouraging.  Indeed 
conditions  could  not  have  been  much  worse. 

The  one  hopeful  feature  in  the  situation  was  the  fact  that 
there  had  been,  among  the  disorderly  ones,  a  few  mature,  earnest 
men  and  women,  who  had  been  visibly  annoyed  at  the  misbe- 
havior of  the  majority.  These  were  the  nucleus  about  which  a 
school  might  be  built,  though  surely  the  others  who  had  been  pres- 
ent needed  sadly  the  discipline  and  training  of  a  school  system. 
If  the  group  that  had  gathered  that  first  night  could  be  developed 
into  a  school,  it  would  be  worth  while.  The  teachers  resolved  to 
keep  on. 

The  next  evening  the  teaching  force  of  two  was  re-enforced  by 
three  others,  borrowed  temporarily  from  the  day-school.     The  riot- 


114  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

ers.  gathering  outside  for  another  evening  of  hilarity,  were  greeted 
by  a  special  policeman,  pacing  in  front  of  the  building.  The  dis- 
turbers quietly  faded  into  the  darkness  and  there  were  no  tomatoes 
thrown  that  night. 

The  assistance  of  the  additional  teachers  enabled  the  regular 
teachers  to  classify  and  organize  the  students.  By  the  close  of 
the  week  several  classes  were  reciting  regularly.  Order  and 
earnestness  were  gradually  coming  out  of  chaos.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  second  week  the  extra  teachers  and  the  guardian  of  the  law 
were  dispensed  with.      This  was  the  first  week  in  October,  1911. 

In  the  winter  and  spring  of  1915,  the  educational  department 
of  Stanford  University  sent  a  number  of  graduate  students  to 
investigate  and  report  upon  the  school  systems  of  various  cities  in 
Northern  California. 

The  man  who  was  assigned  to  Berkeley  made  a  careful  investi- 
fration  of  the  complete  system.  When  he  gave  his  report  at  Stan- 
ford he  had  commendatory  words  to  say  of  Berkeley's  graded 
schools.  Intermediate  schools  and  High  schools;  but  he  stated  as 
his  unbiased  opinion  that  the  Franklin  evening  school  was  the 
most  valuable  and  beneficial  feature  of  the  Berkeley  school  system. 

We  are  not  rash  enough  to  think  that  his  conclusion  would 
be  shared  by  all,  but  we  feel  that  from  rather  discouraging  begin- 
nings the  results  are  most  encouraging. 

The  Burbank  night  school  was  organized  into  a  High  School 
and  also  an  Elementary  school  in  September,  1917.  Nearly  400 
pupils  are  enrolled  this  fall  term,  and  the  school  continues  to  in- 
crease in  numbers  and  efficiency  as  well.  The  number  of  foreign 
born  students  in  regular  attendance  increases  each  term. 

Flourishing  classes  in  Millinery  and  Dressmaking  are  conducted 
by  Mrs.  Libbie  Saunders.  Young  men  as  well  as  young  women  are 
taking  the  course  in  Practical  Cooking  taught  by  Mrs.  Alma 
Phillips.  Two  or  three  men  each  month  from  the  citizenship 
cla.ss  in  charge  of  Mr.  D.  L.  Hennessey  secure  their  naturalization 
papers.  A  social  evening  is  held  on  the  last  Thursday  of  each 
month. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  115 

CHAPTER  XXXII 
SCHOOL  GARDENS 

School  gardens  have  been  maintained  in  Berkeley  for  several 
years  past.  Some  schools  have  taken  up  the  work  more  ex- 
tensively than  others,  due  to  the  fact  that  they  have  available 
ground.  At  the  Hawthorne,  Edison,  Jefferson  and  Franklin 
schools  the  school  premises  furnish  space,  while  at  the  Whittier, 
Washington,  Emerson  and  Hillside  schools  vacant  lots  are  utilized. 
At  the  Le  Conte  school,  in  addition  to  the  gardens  on  the  school 
premises,  two  vacant  lots  are  used.  In  all  cases  the  lots  are  given 
rent  free. 

The  individual  plot  system  is  the  one  most  generally  used, 
although  in  some  instances  the  long  row,  and  community  plot  sys- 
tems are  also  found.  In  some  schools  the  beautification  of  the 
grounds  has  been  undertaken  with  considerable  success. 

Most  of  the  instruction  has  been  given  by  the  regular  teach- 
ers of  the  schools.  In  some  cases  assistance  has  been  given  by 
students  in  the  department  of  Agriculture  of  the  University  of 
California. 

Tools  and  equipment  have  been  provided  to  a  limited  extent  by 
the  department.  The  Mothers  Clubs  have  given  some  assistance 
in  this  respect.  As  a  rule  these  clubs  have  given  their  cordial 
co-operation  to  the  movement. 

The  gardening  work  has  been  made  the  basis  for  a  large  part  of 
the  nature  study,  and  has  furnished  a  means  of  providing  vital 
contact  with  the  facts  and  forces  of  nature.  It  has  served  to  teach 
children  order,  industry,  respect  for  labor,  and  thrift,  besides  a 
love  and  sympathy  for  the  wonderful  and  beautiful.  Many  of  the 
schools  have  realized  considerable  money  from  the  sale  of  garden 
products.  The  school  gardens  have  stimulated  interest  in  home 
gardens,  which  have  provided  much  in  the  way  of  pleasant  and 
profitable  occupation  for  boys  and  girls  outside  of  school  hours. 

The  Berkeley  Garden  Association  has  assisted  the  garden  work 
by  furnishing  seeds  and  bulbs  at  reduced  rates  for  these  youthful 
gardeners. 


116  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

The  needs  of  the  movement  are:  (1)  More  space  for  garden 
work;  (2)  Supervision  by  some  person  well  trained  in  the  work; 
(3)   More  teachers  who  can  teach  gardening. 

The  School  Garden  at  Edison. 

With  the  end  of  the  term,  the  school  garden  is  completing  the 
first  year  of  its  history,  a  year  which  has  been  full  of  hard  work 
for  the  boys  and  girls  who  were  the  "pioneers"  in  helping  to  make 
the  heavy  adobe  soil  sufficiently  friable  for  seed  planting.  To 
do  this  meant  many  days  of  digging  and  wheeling  away  loads  of 
rock,  broken  glass,  wire,  etc.,  for  some  thoughtless  person  had 
once  made  the  present  garden  site  a  scrap  heap.  But  the  spirit  of 
the  "pioneer"  was  undaunted.  The  soil  was  made  ready  and  many 
members  of  the  first  class  are  now  gardening  during  the  eighth 
period  every  day,  from  three-fifteen  until  four-fifteen. 

The  garden  is  divided  into  two  parts  each  fifty  by  one  hundred 
feet.  One  part  is  planted  in  flowers,  the  other  in  vegetables. 
The  vegetables  harvested  and  marketed  during  the  year  have  been 
radishes,  lettuce,  carrots,  cabbage,  beets,  turnips,  chard,  onions, 
peas  and  potatoes.  The  flowers  included  the  narcissus,  daffodil, 
tulips,  primrose,  marigold,  pansy,  scabiosa,  stock,  mignonette, 
alyssum  and  other  border  plants. 

Both  vegetable  and  flower  gardens  are  divided  into  small  plots. 
Each  member  of  the  class  has  a  plot  or  two  under  his  or  her  care. 
In  this  plot,  the  gardener  has  raised  his  crop  of  flowers  and  vege- 
tables and  tried  to  find  a  market  for  the  same.  This  effort  has 
done  something  toward  building  up  a  fund  which  is  so  necessary  if 
the  garden  work  is  to  continue  successfully. 

To  the  parents,  teachers  and  friends  who  have  made  the  market 
po.ssible,  the  gardeners  are  very  thankful  and  hope  to  produce  a 
better  and  more  abundant  supply  in  another  year. 

Another  source  of  substantial  help  to  the  school  garden  has 
been  the  donation  of  good  seed  and  plants.  The  Department  of 
Agriculture  of  the  United  States  has  been  very  generous  in  its  do- 
nation of  both  flower  and  vegetable  seeds.  The  Berkeley  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  likewise,  gave  flower  and  vegetable  seeds.  Many 
friends  have  given  plants  from  their  gardens.  Professor  Kern  of 
the  University  of  California  has  given  not  only  many  plants  but 
also  his  time  in  lecturing  to  the  class  on  the  subject  of  school 
gardening. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  117 


CHAPTER  XXXIII 
MISCELLANEOUS 

On  June  7,  1907,  the  Superintendent  made  the  following 
recommendation : 

"I  recommend  that  the  Board  employ  a  Department  Carpenter 
and  Building?  Inspector,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  attend  to  all  of 
the  details  of  repairs  to  the  school  property  during  the  coming 
year.  I  am  very  sure  that  the  Board  will  save  more  than  his 
salary  by  doing  this,  and  at  the  same  time  the  Superintendent  will 
be  relieved  from  the  necessity  of  leaving  the  work  which  properly 
belongs  to  a  Superintendent,  in  efforts  to  find  a  carpenter,  a  tinker, 
a  plumber  or  some  other  person  to  attend  to  calls  that  demand 
immediate  attention." 

In  accordance  with  this  request  and  explanation  made  by  the 
Superintendent  the  Board  at  once  formally  elected  Mr.  A.  H. 
Broad,  although  he  had  in  reality  performed  the  work  devolving 
upon  such  a  position,  for  years.  During  the  years  in  which  he 
served  in  this  capacity  by  his  watchfulness  and  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  the  situation  he  saved  many  thousands  of  dollars  for  the 
schools. 

For  the  work  of  recent  years  the  Jefferson,  the  Oxford  and 
the  Hawthorne  schools  bear  witness  to  the  truthfulness  of  this 
statement  while  most  of  the  additions  and  changes  in  the  building 
during  the  last  25  years  have  been  done  under  his  direction  and 
according  to  his  plans. 

As  architect,  he  drew  the  original  plans  and  wrote  the  speci- 
fications for  the  Whittier,  the  Columbus,  the  Le  Conte  and  the 
7th  Street  buildings.  When  Mr.  Broad  gave  up  the  position,  the 
Board  seems  to  have  been  equally  fortunate  in  the  selection  of 
Mr.  E.  P.  Pratt  to  fill  his  place.  A  practical  builder  can  do  more 
with  a  limited  sum  of  money  than  any  theoretical  architect,  whose 
knowledge  of  school  needs  is  limited. 


118  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

THE    EARTHQUAKE— (April    18,    1906). 

After  the  earthquake  a  large  number  of  pupils  from  San  Fran- 
cisco applied  for  admission  to  the  schools  of  Oakland,  Alameda 
and  Berkeley  and  accommodations  must  be  provided  for  these. 
Our  own  Hi^rh  School  building  was  entirely  "out  of  commission" 
for  several  months  and  provision  had  to  be  made  at  once  for  all  of 
the  classes  except  the  classes  in  the  two  room  building  that  had 
been  moved  from  the  Le  Conte  school  lot,  some  time  before. 

None  of  the  schools  could  be  re-opened  until  after  the  chimneys 
were  examined.  Nearly  all  of  the  buildings  were  damaged  more 
or  less  but  the  High  School  building  received  the  most  severe 
"jolt"  of  any.  After  a  recess  of  one  week,  all  of  the  schools  with 
the  exception  of  the  High  School  were  in  complete  running  order. 
The  High  School  was  re-opened  in  temporary  quarters  in  two 
weeks. 

To  provide  the  rooms  necessary  for  this  school,  the  Commer- 
cial School  was  moved  to  Wilken's  Hall  on  Haste  Street.  The 
Commercial  School  building,  the  Allstcn  Way  building,  the  super- 
intendent's old  office,  the  Sunday  School  rooms  of  Trinity  M.  E. 
church,  Ellsworth  Street  and  AUston  Way,  and  the  Sunday 
School  rooms  of  the  Baptist  church  at  the  foot  of  Fulton  Street 
were  available.  In  addition  to  these  the  Board  leased  the  old 
Trinity  M.  E.  church  building,  corner  of  Allston  Way  and  Fulton 
Street,  for  five  months  from  August  1,  1906  to  January  1,  1907. 
Partitions  were  erected  dividing  the  Sunday  School  room  on 
the  first  floor  into  four  class  rooms  while  the  main  audience  room 
on  the  second  floor  was  used  as  a  study  room  and  an  Assembly 
Hall.     We  had  10  class  rooms  in  this  one  building. 

The  old  building,  one  of  the  land  marks  of  Berkeley,  has  re- 
cently been  removed. 

THE  SCHOOL  CENSUS. 

Under  the  old  law  the  actual  enumeration  of  all  children  be- 
tween the  ages  of  5  and  17  years  was  made  in  May  of  each  year 
by  a  Census  Marshal  and  his  deputies  appointed  by  the  Board.  At 
thlH  time  the  work  of  Census  Marshal  was  a  very  important  one 
and  required  accuracy  and  thoroughness  in  every  detail,  as  the 
State  school  money  was  apportioned  upon  the  basis  of  the  school 
census,  giving  a  certain  amount  for  every  70  census  children  or 
fraction   of  70,   over  20.     As  the  present  law  provides  for  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  119 

apportionment  based  upon  the  "average  attendance"  there  is  no 
school  census.     The  census  was  taken  for  the  last  time  in  1911. 

The  following  table  shows  by  successive  years  the  increase 
in  the  number  of  census  children  in  Berkeley  from  1879  to  1907: 

1879 515  1894 2209 

1880 519  1895 2501 

1881 630  1896 2724 

1882 613  1897 2822 

1883 708  1898 2830 

1884 871  1899 2955 

1885 879  1900 3193 

1886 884  1901 3377 

1887 1001  1902 3717 

1888 1026  1903 3910 

1889 1162  1904 4454 

1890 1324  1905 4840 

1891 1457  1906 5331 

1892 1971  1907 6493 

1893 2186 

This  indicates  fairly  the  gradual  increase  in  the  population  of 
the  city  for  nearly  30  years. 

COLUMBUS  DAY  CELEBRATION. 

In  October  1892,  the  school  department  celebrated  the  400th 
anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus.  The  chil- 
dren from  all  parts  of  the  town,  led  by  their  teachers  proceeded 
to  the  old  "Cinder  Track"  on  the  University  Campus.  A  platform 
had  been  erected  here  and  seats  had  been  provided  for  the  chil- 
dren. An  appropriate  program  was  given  in  which  the  children 
participated. 

PRESIDENTIAL  VISITS  TO  BERKELEY. 

President  Harrison  made  a  flying  trip  through  Berkeley  while 
touring  on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  came  from  West  Berkeley  up 
University  Avenue  and  through  the  Campus  and  out  of  the  U.  C. 
grounds  to  Telegraph  Avenue  and  thence  to  Oakland.  The  chil- 
dren formed  near  the  old  Bacon  Library  building  but  that  was  all 
that  it  amounted  to  as  no  halt  of  the  Presidential  party  was  made. 

The  same  course  was  taken  in  Oakland  and  the  children  as  well 
as  the  grown  people  were  much  disappointed.     Popular  indigna- 


120  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

tion  was  exceedinjrly  marked.  At  the  next  Presidential  election 
when  Harrison  was  a  candidate  for  re-election  against  Cleveland, 
many  voters  remembered  the  visit  of  the  President  a  year  or  two 
iK'fo're  and  pave  him  the  "double  cross." 

When  President  Roosevelt  came  to  Berkeley  for  the  first  time 
he  received  a  royal  welcome  at  the  hands  of  the  entire  community 
but  especially  the  children.  The  sidewalks  on  both  sides  of  Center 
Street  were  filled  to  the  curb  with  children  having  festoons  of  flow- 
ers and  evergreens.  Mr.  Charles  Keeler,  our  Berkeley  poet,  super- 
intended this  part  of  the  work.  A  large  platform  was  erected  at 
the  corner  of  Center  and  Oxford  Streets  and  provided  with  seats 
for  the  smaller  children.  Mr.  Roosevelt  responded  so  heartily, 
that  every  one  who  remembered  President  Harrison's  visit  did  not 
fail  to  mark  the  contrast.  This  was  emphatically  the  children's 
day. 

President  Taft  was  received  by  the  entire  school  department  on 
California  field.  The  children,  under  the  leadership  of  Miss 
Hartley,  sang  the  usual  patriotic  songs  and  the  day  was  one  "long 
to  be  remembered"  by  young  and  old  in  Berkeley. 

President  McKinley's  visit  to  the  East  Bay  cities  was  marked 
by  ^eat  enthusiasm — the  entire  population  apparently  joining  in 
the  welcome.  The  children  of  Oakland,  Alameda,  Berkeley  and 
the  adjoining  parts  of  the  county  were  assigned  to  positions  on 
the  sidewalks  of  the  streets  through  which  the  procession  was  to 
pass.  In  Berkeley  a  platform  for  the  little  children  was  erected 
on  the  Kellogg  school  lot  west  of  the  building  and  on  the  street. 

MEETING  OF  THE  C.  T.  A.  IN  1905. 

In  1904,  the  C.  T.  A.  held  its  annual  meeting  in  Los  Angeles, 
and  the  invitation  of  Berkeley  school  people  resulted  in  the  hold- 
ing of  the  meeting  for  1905  in  Berkeley.  The  University  authori- 
ties gave  the  use  of  all  the  rooms  necessary  for  the  general  and 
special  sessions.  Many  of  the  counties  held  their  Institute  in  Ber- 
keley at  the  same  time.  In  1905,  there  was  hardly  a  decent  hotel 
in  the  city  and  the  restaurant  service  was  "hostile".  This  was 
the  largest  meeting  of  the  association  up  to  this  time  and  the  most 
iiucce.ssful  one  in  every  respect  except  in  the  means  provided  for 
feeding  the  large  numbers  in  attendance.  However,  the  street 
car  service  to  Oakland  on  various  lines  enabled  every  one  to  attend 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  121 

without  any  very  serious  inconvenience.  A  committee  of  citizens 
who  served  at  the  request  of  the  Superintendent  managed  the 
financial  part  of  the  affair. 

An  unusual  meeting  of  the  Alameda  County  Institute  was 
held,  one  day  in  Oakland,  one  in  Alameda,  and  one  in  Berkeley. 
We  found  some  difficulty  in  securing  rooms  for  the  general  as- 
sembly and  for  the  section  work,  but  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst  hear- 
ing of  our  dilemma  with  her  usual  generosity  kindly  offered  us  the 
use  of  the  entire  building  known  as  Hearst  Hall— and  not  only 
this  but  we  were  entertained  with  music  and  were  also  served  with 
refreshments.     It  was  a  most  enjoyable  day. 

PRACTICE   TEACHERS. 

There  was  a  request  annually  for  years  from  the  Department 
of  Education  of  the  University  that  seniors  in  the  Educational 
department  be  allowed  to  assist  in  the  Grade  work  in  the  schools. 

While  this  plan  was  of  great  assistance  in  some  cases,  it  met 
with  very  serious  opposition  from  many  of  the  patrons  of  the 
schools  who  objected  to  paying  good  salaries  to  experienced 
teachers  and  then  having  the  work  turned  over  to  young  girls 
without  experience  in  order  to  give  them  the  practice  required  by 
law  to  enable  them  to  obtain  proper  certificates  for  teaching.  The 
whole  scheme  was  a  bad  one.  The  condition  has  been  remedied 
by  the  opening  of  the  "University  High  School"  in  Oakland. 

UNGRADED     CLASSES. 

Ungraded  classes  were  organized  in  several  of  the  larger 
schools  and  were  maintained  for  several  years.  These  classes 
enabled  unusually  bright  children  to  advance  more  rapidly  than 
they  could  in  their  regular  grades.  The  chief  benefit  comes  to  the 
sub-normal  youngster  who  needs  more  individual  attention  than 
could  be  given  in  the  regular  class  work.  The  additional  expenses 
of  the  department  for  several  years  after  the  earthquake  com- 
pelled the  Board  to  retrench,  and  the  ungraded  classes  were 
discontinued  in  order  to  enable  the  Board  to  meet  the  extra  ex- 
penses of  administration  and  supervision  and  other  necessary  ex- 
penses. In  every  large  school  there  should  be  some  such  provision 
as  the  ungraded  class  affords. 

THE  KINDERGARTENS. 

In  1905  or  1906  two  kindergartens  were  established — one  in 


Iffl  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

North  Berkeley  and  the  other  in  South  Berkeley.  These  were 
supported  by  the  patrons.  The  Board  was  urged  repeatedly  to 
establish  one  or  two  as  experiments,  but  it  seemed  so  manifestly 
unfair  to  establish  these  at  public  expense  while  only  the  few 
received  the  benefit,  that  much  opposition  to  the  plan  manifested 
itaelf.  The  following  from  the  Superintendent's  report,  July, 
1907,  covers  the  case  as  it  stood  at  that  time: 

"The  question  of  establishing  free  kindergartens  as  a  part  of 
the  public  school  system  is  one  that  presented  itself,  and  one 
which  demands  careful  consideration.  There  is  the  educational 
side  as  well  as  the  financial  side  to  be  considered.  It  must  be 
understood  that  if  kindergartens  are  established,  the  expense  of 
running  them  must  be  met  entirely  from  the  town  fund.  The 
Superintendent  doubts  the  expediency  of  establishing  any  experi- 
mental kindergarten  in  any  one  section  of  the  town,  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  any  other  section.  It  would  doubtless  be  more  satis- 
factory to  the  people  who  are  urging  this  matter,  to  have  the 
kindergartens  established  in  all  parts  of  the  town  at  the  same 
time.  In  order  that  these  classes  may  be  successfully  conducted, 
they  must  be  established  in  the  same  building  and  under  the  same 
control  as  the  other  classes.  In  Sacramento,  Los  Angeles,  Santa 
Barbara  and  other  towns  where  kindergartens  are  successful,  they 
are  conducted  in  this  way.  I  recommend  that  the  Board  carefully 
consider  this  whole  question  before  taking  any  decisive  steps." 

By  recent  legislation  the  school  authorities  must  establish  pub- 
lic kindergartens  in  schools  where  there  are  25  children  of  kin- 
dergarten age,  whose  parents  ask  for  such  establishment.  By  the 
same  legislation  provision  is  made  for  financial  support. 

The  Seventh  Street  building  furnishes  an  excellent  kinder- 
jrarten  for  the  Franklin  and  the  Columbus  Schools.  There  is  a 
well  organized  kindergarten  at  the  12  other  elementary  schools. 
In  the  John  Muir  School  there  is  a  Montessori  section  for  children. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  123 


CHAPTER  XXXIV 
OUR  FLAG 

I  received  recently  the  following  from  one  who  has  served  his 
country  long  and   faithfully — one   who   is  so  well   known   to   the 
Berkeley  people,  Major  J.  T.  Morrison,  U.  S.  A.    (retired)  : 
"Mr.  S.  D.  Waterman, 

"Dear  Sir:  I  noticed  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Berkeley  'Daily 
Gazette'  that  you  are  preparing  a  history  of  the  Berkeley  schools 
and  I  beg  to  suggest  that,  just  at  this  time,  it  might  be  interesting 
to  mention  that  the  first  complete  system  of  School  Flags  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  (if  not  in  the  United  States),  was  established  in 
Berkeley,  Cal.  If  the  subject  interests  you,  particulars  can  be 
furnished." 

I  immediately  replied,  asking  for  particulars,  and  at  once  re- 
ceived the  following,  to  me,  very  interesting  reply: 
"Dear  Sir: 

Replying  to  your  note,  I  can  only  say  that  I  am  "long"  on 
facts  and  "short"  on  dates.     The  facts  in  this  case  are  as  follows: 

Somewhere  about  1889  or  1890  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Town  Trustees  of  the  Town  of  Berkeley  conceived  the  idea  of 
a  complete  system  of  school  flags  to  serve  as  an  impressive  object 
lesson  in  patriotism  for  the  growing  generation  and  the  generations 
to  follow.  Permission  to  put  the  plan  into  execution  was  ob- 
tained from  the  Board.  A  few  individual  subscriptions  were  re- 
ceived at  once  and  the  opportunity  was  offered  to  the  school  chil- 
dren to  contribute  their  bit,  to  which  they  cheerfully  responded. 

The  flags  were  ordered  from  Detroit,  Mich.,  and  when  re- 
ceived were  installed  as  follows:  One  Post  Flag  for  each  school 
house  on  staffs  contributed  by  mills  and  mechanics,  and  one  re- 
cruiting or  storm  flag  suspended  over  the  teacher's  desk  in  each 
class  room.  Teachers  and  janitors  were  insti'ucted  to  see  that  the 
outside  flags  were  always  floated  during  school  hours  and  on 
National  and  State  holidays  and  on  all  other  appropriate  occasions. 
When  all  was  done  quietly  and  without  public  demonstration  a 


124  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

small  balance  was  turned  over  to  the  town  treasurer  to  form  the 
basis  of  a  fund  for  the  maintenance  of  the  system.  This,  I  be- 
lieve on  good  authority,  to  be  the  first  complete  system  of  school 
flags  established  on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  possibly  the  first  in  the 
United  States.  These  are  the  'facts.'  I  think  the  matter  became 
of  record  in  the  proceedings  of  the  Town  Board." 
Yours  respectfully, 

MAJ.  J.  T.  MORRISON,  U.  S.  A. 
As  Major  Morrison  is  "short"  on  dates,  I  referred  to  the  rec- 
ords of  the  Town  Board  with  the  following-  result:  The  resolution 
was  introduced  by  Major  Morrison,  himself,  who  was  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Town  Trustees  at  the  time.  I  ascertained  this, 
not  from  the  records,  but  from  one  who  is  perfectly  familiar  with 
all  of  the  earlier  details.  The  year  I  could  not  fix,  but  think  it 
must  have  been  1891  or  1892,  for  the  flagstaff  on  the  Kellogg 
School  building  was  put  there  on  February  21st,  1892,  by  our 
friend  and  fellow  citizen,  Mr.  Robert  Gregg.  Either  the  flag 
was  too  large  or  the  flagstaff  was  too  short.  At  any  rate,  a  change 
was  made  at  once. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  125 


CHAPTER  XXXV 
THE  CARNEGIE  LIBRARY 

Since  the  public  library  has  become  such  an  important  factor 
in  educational  work,  I  have  thought  it  advisable  to  write  a  short 
account  of  the  early  days  of  our  library,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
give  to  all  interested  a  clear  account  of  what  the  library  is  now 
doing  to  assist  in  the  work  and  to  advance  the  educational  inter- 
ests of  the  city.  The  following  condensed  account,  taken  from 
the  Berkeley  "Daily  Gazette"  of  January  27th,  1905,  covers  the 
work  up  to  that  year: 

The  upper  floor  of  the  new  Carnegie  library  building  on 
Shattuck  Avenue  was  hardly  spacious  enough  to  hold  the  immense 
number  of  citizens  who  gathered  there  last  night  to  attend  the 
exercises  of  the  opening.  Eight  hundred  books  were  given  in  as 
admission  and  there  were  many  who  entered  without  a  volume. 

Dr.  J.  Edson  Kelsey  spoke  on  "The  Beginning"  as  follows: 

In  1892  my  brother  and  I  owned  a  drug  store  on  Shattuck 
Avenue  near  Addison  Street.  At  that  time  there  were  several 
students  who  were  making  their  way  through  the  University  by 
reporting  for  the  San  Francisco  newspapers.  Among  the  young 
men  who  made  our  store  their  headquarters  was  William  H. 
Waste,  our  Assemblyman.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  there  was  a 
great  sensation  when  it  became  known  that  a  number  of  boys 
were  frequenting  a  billiard  parlor  where  gambling  and  drinking 
were  indulged  in.  As  one  of  the  boys  who  worked  for  me  fre- 
quented the  place,  I  became  much  interested.  A  letter  was  written 
to  the  Berkeley  "Advocate"  stating  the  facts  in  the  case  and  sug- 
gesting the  advisability  of  fitting  up  a  room  with  books  and  games, 
where  the  boys  could  have  the  proper  influence  about  them  when 
away  from  home.  Mrs.  Marquand,  who  was  then  the  editor  of 
the  "Advocate,"  became  interested  and  kept  the  subject  before  the 
people  by  frequent  notices. 

We  interviewed  some  of  the  leading  citizens  and  found  many 
who  favored  the  idea.     At  a  mass  meeting  held  in  Shattuck  Hall, 


126  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

D.  L.  Bishop  was  elected  temporary  chairman  and  H.  Sangster 
secretary.  A  permanent  organization  was  formed,  with  Waste, 
president.  Sangster,  secretary,  and  Kelsey,  treasurer. 

We  rented  a  store  in  a  convenient  location  on  Shattuck 
Avenue  and  had  it  fitted  up  into  two  rooms.  All  helped  in  getting 
ready  to  open — some  by  gifts  of  money;  some  by  books  and  mag- 
Mines;  others  by  labor,  and  John  Boyd,  by  giving  the  use  of  his 
horse  and  wagon  for  a  number  of  days  to  bring  in  the  donations. 
The  front  room  was  the  library  with  linoleum  on  the  floor,  long 
tables  for  magazines,  comfortable  high-backed  chairs,  and  a  desk 
and  table  for  the  librarian.  There  w^ere  also  a  few  book  cases, 
but  a  sufficient  number  were  soon  provided.  The  rear  room,  sep- 
arated from  the  front  room  by  swinging  doors  had  a  Brussels 
carpet,  chairs,  a  piano,  tables,  etc. — and  was  provided  with  many 
sorts  of  games.     Both  rooms  were  lighted  by  oil  lanterns. 

Miss  Lucy  W.  Luhn  was  our  first  librarian.  Mr.  J.  D.  Lay- 
man, one  of  the  first  contributors,  gave  a  full  set  of  the  works 
of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  in  consideration  of  which  we  were  to 
name  the  library  the  Holmes  Public  Library.  Mr.  Lajonan  was 
at  this  time  one  of  the  assistant  librarians  at  the  University.  He 
.spoke  of  "The  Struggle"  as  follows: 

The  Board  of  Directors  elected  on  the  evening  of  December 
.Trd.  1892.  when  the  Holmes  Library  Association  was  organized 
was  as  follows: 

W.  H.  Waste,  president;  J.  H.  Sangster,  secretary;  Dr.  J.  E. 
Kelsey,  treasurer;  D.  L.  Bishop,  P.  R.  Boone,  J.  I.  Logan,  E.  B. 
Payne.  F.  K.  Shattuck,  S.  D.  Waterman,  E.  T.  Whittemore,  C.  W. 
Woodworth,  J.  D.  Layman. 

A  gift  of  250  volumes  from  the  Young  Women's  Christian 
Union  was  received  and  three  people  were  hired  to  make  a  sys- 
tematic canvass  of  the  entire  town.  By  the  11th  of  January  the 
sum  of  $920  was  pledged  toward  the  expenses  for  1893.  Miss 
Lucy  Wheeler  was  elected  librarian  at  a  salary  of  $50  a  month,  and 
she  was  to  pay  the  janitor  out  of  her  salary.  Then  came  the  open- 
ing night  on  February  10th,  1893,  when  nearly  300  people  were 
visitors.  Thus  the  movement  was  gotten  under  way  without  a 
struggle.  Ah,  yes,  but  the  struggle  came  later  in  1894  when  the 
money  of  1893  was  all  gone  and  many  of  our  kind  friends  did  not 
feci  like  renewing  their  subscriptions;  when  expenses  continued 
and   the  treasury  was  chronically  empty, — then  it  was  that  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  127 

struggle  came.  Many  hours  were  spent  and  many  homes  were 
visited.  In  my  diary  I  find  notes  like  this:  On  October  28th, 
1894:  'Poor  Moore.  I  have  not  quite  forgotten  his  delayed  sal- 
ary.' This  was  after  the  treasurer's  office  had  descended  twice 
and  had  fallen  upon  me. 

We  even  attempted  to  raise  money  by  an  entertainment  under 
the  direction  of  Prof.  Tonielli.  When  it  was  all  over  he  claimed 
that  I  owed  him  $6.  I  paid  it,  but  he  never  even  paid  his  hall 
rent,  as  I  afterward  learned  from  Mr.  Shattuck.  Of  course,  the 
library  got  nothing.  We  used  various  advertising  schemes.  One 
year  it  was  a  calendar.  But  the  printer  got  them  ready  two  weeks 
too  late.  I  buried  them  in  my  garden.  In  the  cold  winter  weather 
we  used  an  oil  stove  to  heat  the  room,  which  we  called  the  Fireside. 
It  got  overlooked  one  evening  and  smoked  so  much  that  we  had 
to  retint  the  room. 

But  rather  than  recount  more  mishaps,  I  would  here  publicly 
thank  the  many  hundred  people  who  in  1893,  1894,  and  1895,  so 
graciously  contributed  the  many,  many  mites  which  held  the 
library  together  and  kept  it  useful  until  its  better  day  dawned, 
when  it  was  accepted  by  the  town  and  became  our  municipal  pride. 

A  letter  from  Sacramento,  from  our  Assemblyman,  Hon.  W.  H. 
Waste,  regretting  his  inability  to  be  in  attendance,  was  read.  Mr. 
Waste  had  been  assigned  the  subject  "From  '92  to  '95"  and  we 
all  regTetted  that  he  could  not  leave  his  duties  in  the  Assembly  so 
near  the  close  of  the  session. 

Professor  Leon  J.  Richardson  of  the  University  of  California, 
a  member  of  the  Library  Board,  delivered  a  very  interesting  ad- 
dress on  the  "Choice  of  Books."  He  first  spoke  on  the  problem  of 
what  books  should  be  selected  and  what  books  rejected  by  the 
book  committee.  He  also  treated  the  choice  of  books  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  individual  reader  and  in  regard  to  the  best  books. 

President  Waterman  in  behalf  of  the  Library  Board  spoke  as 
follows  on  the  "Carnegie  Library:" 

The  program  this  evening  is  merely  an  incident — the  real 
purpose  of  this  gathering  is  to  give  the  citizens  of  Berkeley  an 
opportunity  to  inspect  the  building  and  to  see  for  themselves 
what  the  Board  of  Library  Trustees  have  been  doing  with  the 
money  so  generously  provided  by  Mr.  Carnegie.  This  building 
has  no  apology  to  make  for  its  existence  and  the  members  of  the 
Board  have  no  apology  to  make  for  it.     It  speaks  for  itself,  but 


128  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

it  is  well  that  a  few  words  should  be  spoken  by  a  representative  of 
the  Board,  as  to  the  'Carnegie  Library,'  in  order  that  the  people, 
whose  servants  they  have  been  and  are,  may  be  informed  as  to 
some  of  the  details  connected  with  the  work.  The  members  of 
the  Board  have  been  a  unit  in  doing  whatever  has  been  done  and 
the  accomplishing  of  whatever  has  been  accomplished  has  resulted 
from  this  unity  of  action.  The  thought  uppermost  in  the  minds 
of  the  members  has  been,  'How  shall  we  best  expend  the  money 
at  our  disposal?  How  shall  we  best  serve  the  interests  of  the 
people  whose  servants  we  are?'  We  must  acknowledge  our  in- 
debtedness to  those  who  have  made  this  work  of  ours  possible.  In 
the  first  place  our  thanks  are  due  to  Mrs.  Shattuck  for  the  gift  of 
this  fine  lot,  103  by  150  feet;  then  to  the  Town  Trustees  who  so 
promptly  guaranteed  the  maintenance  of  the  library.  Then  to 
Hon.  Andrew  Carnegie  for  his  gift  of  $40,000,  which  has  made 
the  erection  of  this  building  a  reality,  not  merely  a  possibility; 
then  to  the  architect,  Mr.  John  Galen  Howard,  for  to  his  watchful- 
ness and  care,  to  his  attention  to  every  detail,  to  his  earnest  co- 
operation in  everything  pertaining  to  the  building  and  its  furnish- 
ings, to  his  close  oversight  of  the  work  itself,  joined  with  the  hon- 
esty and  integrity  of  the  contractor,  Mr.  Robert  Gregg,  the  ex- 
cellence of  this  structure  is  due. 

To  William  Keith,  for  his  beautiful  painting. 

To  Midd  Newhall,  for  a  like  gift. 

To  A.  H.  Broad,  L.  M.  Hale  and  Mrs.  Fairbanks,  for  paintings. 

To  0.  V.  Lange,  for  the  fine  photograph  of  Tamalpais. 

To  Mrs.  Orr,  for  the  "Sistine  Madonna." 

To  Amos  Huggins,  for  a  gift  of  $40. 

To  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  for  a  fine  likeness  of  Frances  E.  Willard. 

To  the  ladies  who  have  assisted  in  furnishing  the  children's 
room. 

To  the  children,  for  their  gift  of  1000  volumes,  and  for  the 
beautiful  clock  as  a  part  of  the  furniture  of  the  children's  room. 

To  the  Junior  Cadets,  for  a  beautiful  silk  flag,  and  to  every 
one  else  who  has  assisted  by  gifts  of  money,  books,  pictures,  time 
or  in  any  other  way,  the  thanks  of  the  Board  are  extended,  and 
through  thorn,  the  thanks  of  the  people.  We  want  you  to  feel 
that  this  building  is  a  strictly  honest  building  from  foundation  to 
roof. 

May  the  library,  as  it  increases  in  the  number  of  books  and  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  129 

their  circulation,  increase  also  in  its  influence  for  good  in  the 
community,  and  may  it  be  the  means  of  great  benefit  to  the  youth 
and  children  of  Berkeley." 

The  Holmes  Public  Library,  as  has  been  shown,  was  organized 
in  1893,  and  was  supported  without  any  direct  expense  to  the 
town. 

Entertainments  and  programs  of  different  kinds  were  given  in 
Shattuck  Hall,  the  price  of  admission  being  one  or  more  books 
suited  to  the  needs  of  the  library.  We  called  these  entertain- 
ments "Book  Socials."  At  one  of  these  a  representative  pupil 
from  each  school  in  town  talked  about  the  library  and  what  it 
represents  to  the  "grown  ups"  as  well  as  to  the  children. 

At  another  of  these  "Book  Socials"  several  hundred  volumes 
of  excellent  character  were  given  at  the  door,  one  party  bringing 
a  full  reference  encyclopedia  of  over  twenty  volumes. 

Representatives  from  all  the  churches  and  other  prominent  citi- 
zens were  invited  to  give  five-minute  talks  at  one  of  these  gather- 
ings and  this  was  a  very  effective  way  of  bringing  the  situation  be- 
fore the  people. 

In  December,  1895,  the  Holmes  Public  Library  turned  over  to 
the  town  of  Berkeley  all  of  its  property,  books,  magazines,  fur- 
niture, fixtures,  etc.,  and  ceased  to  exist,  and  the  Berkeley  Free 
Public  Library  took  its  place,  the  Town  Trustees  providing  for  its 
maintenance.  At  first  the  Library  Trustees  were  elected,  but  a 
change  was  made  by  a  new  charter,  I  think,  and  the  members 
since  that  time  have  been  appointed  by  the  Mayor  or  Board  of 
Trustees. 

The  upper  story  of  the  building  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Allston  Way  and  Shattuck  Avenue  was  fitted  up  and  was  occu- 
pied as  a  library  and  reading  room  until  the  completion  of  the 
Carnegie  Library  building,  which  was  opened  to  the  public  in 
February,  1905. 

It  is  impossible  to  estimate  the  amount  of  good  that  has  re- 
sulted from  the  establishing  of  this  library.  The  great  present 
misfortune  is  that  the  "powers  that  be,"  who  furnish  the  shekels 
for  the  current  expenses  of  the  library,  do  not  fully  appreciate 
what  an  immense  power  for  the  young  is  centered  here. 

Additional  rooms  at  the  central  building  and  three  or  four 
branches  in  the  parts  of  the  city  especially  needing  the  same,  with 
a  liberal  apportionment  for  books  and  equipment,  would  do  won- 


180  HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 

ders  for  the  advancement  of  the  educational  interests  of  the  town. 
The  library  is  at  present  working  zealously  in  conjunction  with 
the  teachers  to  assist  the  schools  in  every  possible  way.  The  fol- 
lowing, condensed  from  the  report  of  the  librarian,  will  give  an 
idea  of  the  importance  of  this  work: 

"There  are  two  main  problems  confronting  the  library  at  this 
time.  One  is,  how  may  the  library  hope  to  satisfy  the  rapidly 
increasing  demands  for  service  made  on  it  with  a  very  slowly  in- 
creasing revenue?  During  the  past  four  years  the  circulation  of 
books  has  increased  four  times  as  rapidly  as  the  income  from  the 
taxes." 

"The  urgent  and  immediate  need  for  a  greatly  enlarged  central 
building  is  the  second  problem  pressing  for  solution." 

The  overcrowded  condition  of  the  main  building  and  the  gen- 
erally unsatisfactory  condition  of  the  branch  libraries  should  be 
sufficient  to  secure  speedy  and  permanent  relief.  Permanent 
branch  library  buildings  are  needed  in  West  Berkeley,  Claremont 
and  the  combined  South  Berkeley  and  Ashby  district. 

"In  September,  1915,  systematic  work  with  the  schools  was 
undertaken  by  the  library  and  a  special  collection  of  'School  Du- 
plicates' for  home  and  school  reading  was  purchased.  Owing  to 
the  limited  resources  of  the  school  duplicate  collection,  it  was 
found  necessary  to  limit  the  school  libraries  to  twenty  volumes 
each.  Eighty-six  teachers  in  14  schools  availed  themselves  of  this 
collection  during  the  first  year  and  the  total  circulation  recorded 
for  the  year  was  17,468  volumes. 

Some  teachers  came  to  the  library  and  selected  their  books 
personally;  others  sent  in  lists  of  books  desired.  The  development 
of  this  work  with  the  schools  has  been  the  most  important  single 
piece  of  new  work  undertaken  during  the  year. 

The  following  circular  leaflet  has  been  issued  by  the  library: 

"The  work  of  the  school  department  for  the  school  year  pro- 
gressed encouragingly  in  spite  of  our  still  limited  supply  of  books. 
During  the  opening  week  of  school  in  August,  folders  telling  of 
the  resources  and  aims  of  the  school  department  of  the  library 
were  mailed  to  all  of  the  teachers  of  the  elementary  grades  ex- 
cepting those  of  the  first  grade.  The  response  was  immediate  and 
after  a  few  follow-up  letters  had  been  sent  later  the  school  de- 
partment shelves  were  practically  cleared,  and  several  hundred 
volumes  had  been  drawn  from  the  children's  room.     In  all  class 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  131 

room  libraries  were  sent  to  119  teachers  in  the  eighteen  element- 
ary schools  as  against  the  86  teachers  in  fourteen  schools  served 
the  previous  year,  and  the  total  circulation  of  the  3679  volumes 
thus  sent  out  during  the  year  was  24,468 — an  increase  of  7000 
over  the  circulation  of  last  year. 

"The  teachers  have  been  very  free  in  expressing  their  appre- 
ciation of  the  service  extended  to  them,  as  they  find  it  a  great 
help  in  their  work  as  well  as  an  advantage  to  the  children. 

"Many  concrete  examples  could  be  cited,  from  that  of  the 
teacher  who  came  in  to  say  that  she  felt  that  her  success  with  her 
second  and  third  grade  pupils  was  due  in  a  large  part  to  the  books 
that  she  had  had  from  the  public  library,  to  the  small  boy  who 
read  all  of  the  books  in  his  class  room  library  and  told  the  teacher 
that  he  had  put  three  of  them  on  his  Christmas  list,  and  later  re- 
ported with  great  pride  that  he  had  received  two  of  them.  This 
latter  case  may  seem  a  small  thing,  but  to  those  of  us  who  know 
that  we  must  measure  our  results  by  small  things,  it  is  one  of  the 
bright  spots  of  the  year's  work,  for  not  only  must  the  love  of  read- 
ing be  inculcated  in  the  child,  but  also  the  desire  to  own  the  books 
he  likes. 

"Thus  far  we  have  not  supplied  books  for  the  first  grade, 
though  we  have  had  many  calls  for  them.  To  supply  these  would 
mean  a  collection  of  the  best  (and  consequently,  expensive)  pic- 
ture books.  Such  a  collection  could  be  used  with  great  advantage, 
especially  in  the  West  Berkeley  schools.  Nor  have  we  been  able 
to  furnish  all  of  the  more  advanced  histories  that  are  needed  for 
the  intermediate  schools.  While  these  books  are  in  the  adult  de- 
partment, the  demand  for  them  there  is  such  that  they  cannot  be 
spared  for  the  long  periods  for  which  they  are  needed  at  the 
schools. 

"As  soon  as  the  school  department  collection  will  permit,  the 
number  of  books  in  each  class  room  collection  should  be  increased 
from  twenty  to  forty  volumes,  that  being  the  number  generally 
desired  by  the  teachers." 


182 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXXVI 

NAMES  OF  TEACHERS  WHO  HAVE  TAUGHT  IN  THE 
BERKELEY  SCHOOLS  FOR  ONE  YEAR  OR  MORE. 


Ottilia  Abendroth 
Hilda  Abraham 
Blanche  Albee 
W.  H.  Alexander 
Portia  Ackerman 
Alma  Albin 
Kara  Allen 
Mary  Allen 
C.  G.  Ames 
Georgia  Ames 
Marv  Ames 

'(Mrs.  Van  Dyke) 
W.  W.  Anderson— 1881-1884 
Lily  Andrews 
A.  Gertrude  Anthony 
Marcia  Ardley 
Mrs.  N.  .1.  Ashton 
A.  W.  Atherton 
Florence  Atkinson 
Lydia  Atterbury 
Marparet  Augusta 

(Mrs.  Frank  Todd) 
C.  L.  Austin 
Ida  S.  Bading 
Edith  Bailey 
Ella  M.  Baiiey 
Marion  S.  Baker 

(Mrs.  Beedles) 
Evalyn  Banker 
Mrs.  Carrie  Parker 
Alma  Barnett 
Grace  Barnett 
E.  W.   Barnhart 
Flora  M.  Barron 
R.  Jeannc'tte  Barrows 
Florence  Bartling 

1883-4.  and  1895-1901 
G.  r.  Barton 
Mar>'  Deal 


Ruth  Beardsley 

(Mrs.  Biddell) 

Margaret  Beatty 

Myrtie  A.  Beck 

(Mrs.  Thornton) 

Alice  Beebe 

(Mrs.  Sharpe) 

Nina  Beebe 

Alfreda  Berg 

Emily  Bergen 

C.  L.  Biedenbach 

Leda  C.  Biehl 

Winnifred  Bigley 

Ada  Bistorious 

Helen  Blacker 

Anna  Bley 

Joseph  L.  Blumb 

Paul  Boehncke 
C.  P.  Bowles 
Wilhelmine  F.  Bolsted 

Nellie  M.  Borton 
Nelle  J.  Boston 
Lillian  M.  Bowland 
Beth  Bozarth 
Bertha  Bradley 
Mary  Bradley 
Ella  Bradley 
Mary  L.  Brehm 
Lillie  B.  Bridgeman 
Minnie  Brennan 
Gilbert  W.  Brink 
Rachel  Brockman 
Thirmuthis  Brookman 
Laura  Brotherton 
Violet  Brown 
Charles  O.  Bruce 
Nellie  B.  Bryant 
Jennie  Bryson 
Nellie  Bunker 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


133 


Irene  Bullen 

(Mrs.  Frazier) 
Frank  F.  Bunker 

(City.  Supt.  1908-1912) 
Henrietta  Burroughs 
Selina  Burston 
Florence  J.  Buttle 
Olive  Buford 
Inice  Button 

(Mrs.  Clarke) 
C.  W.  Calhoun 
Mary  E.  Cameron 
Eva  V.  Carlin 
Agnes  Carpenter 
Frances  Carter 
Lillian  G.  Chace 
Bertha  Chamberlain 
Paul  G.  Chapman 
June  Chappell 
Edith  Cheney 
Martha  Chevret 
Edith  Chipchase 
Madeline  Christy 
Emma  L.  Clark 
Mrs.  E.  A.  Clark— 1881-1883 
Miss  L.  A.  Clark 
Stella  Clark 

(Mrs.  Clayton) 
W.  B.  Clark 
Edith  darken 
Margaret  Clausen 
Sarah  Cleary 
Mary  B.  Clayes 
Blanche  Clements 
March  Clements 
Belle  Clisbie 

Maude  E.  Clark— 1887-1890 
Bessie  Cloudman 
Albert  Cobert 
Lida  Coddington 
Hilda  Coeke 
Florence  Coleman 
Margarethe  Colmore 
Carol  Coman 
Mary  Concannon 
M.  J.  Congdon 
Florence  Conerer 
W.  J.  Connell 
Norine  Connolley 


Claire  Converse 

William  J.  Cooper 

Hazel  Cope 

Eva  Cornwall 

Jennie  Cartwright 

Amy  Cotrel 

Ida  M.  Crowley 

Gulielma  R.  Crocker 

Cecilia  C.  Cronise 

Katherine  Crosby 

J.  E.  Cuddeback 

Edith  F.  Culin 

Helena  W.  Curtis 

Mrs.  N.  E.  Curtis— 1882-1887 

Mary  Daniels 

Mrs.  S.  P.  Daniels 

Adella  Darden 

Cassie  Davidson 

F.  H.  Davidson 

Edna  B.  Davis 

Ellie  M.  Davis— 1881-1883 

Mary  Louise  Davis 

Mrs.  Margaret  L.  Davis 

Grace  Dawson 

Lisbeth  Day 

M.  Elma  Dean 

W.  H.  DeBell 

Elizabeth  De  Lancie 

Ella  H.  De  Wolf— 1879-1882 

Donna  De  Luce 

Monroe  E.  Deutsch 

Mark  De  Witt 

Henry  B.  Dewing 

Rosa  Diehl 

Edith  M.  Dietz 

Belva  Dix 

Lucy  Donohue 

Rebecca  Donohue 

C.  S.  Downes 

Rosemary  Dobbins 

John  S.  Drew 

Albertine  DuBois 

Ava  Earle 

Annie  C.  Edmonds — 1886-1912 

H.  W.  Edwards 

Dora  Ellerhorst 

Etta  Ellerhorst 

E.  B.  Ellis 

Mrs.  Clara  T.  Elliot 


1S4 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


J.  Arthur  Elston 
T.  Sidney  Elston 
Ethel  En^ebretsen 
Hazel  En^rebretsen 
C.  S.  Evans 
Paul  Evans 
Alice  Eveleth 
Mabel  Fairchild 
Lily  Falck 

(Mrs.  Andrews) 
Julia  Farney 
Grace  Farwell 
Nina  Farwell 
Edna  Finley 

Mabel  Fisher 
Natta  Fisher 

Edith  Flap:g 

Hazel  Fordemwalt 

Margraret  E.  Foreman 

Rebecca  Fox 

Sarah  Fox 

Laura  Frank 

Annie  Mills  Eraser 

Calla  C.  Frazier 

Walter  Frederickson 

Sarah  T.  French— 1878-1905 

Ruth  Fisher 

A.  L.  Fuller 

William  D.  Fuller 

Mary  T.  Gallaj^her 

Ernestine  Gardner 

Adella  Gay 

May  Gearhart 

P.  Adele  Gilbert 

Autrusta  Gillespie 

Thomas  Glass 

H.  H.  Glessner 

Jessie  Gobel 

C.  F.  Gompertz 

Helen  Gompertz 

Leander  Good 

A.  Graham— 1886-1888 

Anna  Graser 

A.  A.  Gray 
Mrs.  M.  C.  Gregory 
Gladys  Grinstead 
Harriet  M.  Grover 
Katherine  Cruel! 
Will  A.  Hackley 


Frank  L.  Hain 
Ella  F.  W.  Haley 
Mabel  Hall 
Susan  M.  Hall 
A.  J.  Hamilton 
Helen  Hamlin 
Lillian  Hamlin 

(Mrs.  Weir) 
Frances  Hanley 
Ruth  Hannas 
Marion  A.  Hanscom 

(Mrs.  Birrill) 
Mabel  Hansen 
Olive  B.  Harper 
Mrs.  Grace  Haring 
A.  C.  Harris — 1889 
Edna  B.  Harris 
Victorine    Hartley 
Flora  Hartwell 
Charlotte  M.  Hayford 
Effie  Hawkins 
Opal  Hays 
Matilda  Hein 
Benn  M.  Helphenstine 
Kathryn  Heintz 
Cassie  Henderson 
Eva  Henderson 
Gertrude  Henderson 
Charlotte  Henley 
Grace  Henley 

D.  L.  Hennessey 
Karl  Henrich 
Zella  Henrich 
Marietta  Higgins 
Adrianna  E.  Hill 
Grace  Hillyard 

E.  B.  Hoag 
Ruth  W.  Hobson 
Eunice  Hodson 

F.  W.  Hoffman 
Jomella  Hoffman 
Clara  Hoffmire 
Louise  Holling 
Sadie  Honn 
Annie  J.  Hopkins 

G.  H.  Horton 
Nellie  Horton 
Louise  Howard 
Mrs.  E.  J.  Hubbard 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


135 


May  Huddart 
Harriet  Huf^gins 
Samuel  Hughes 
W.  B.  Huj2:hson 
Ruth  Hugy 
Florence   Hurd 
Gertrude  Hussey 
Mrs.  C.  E.  Hutton 
J.  C.  Hunt 
Cora  Irvine 
Sue  Irwin 
Louise  A.  Jacobs 
Manuel  Jacobs 
E.  O.  James 
M.   C.  James 

City  Superintendent  1912 
Antonia  Johnson 
Susie  Johnson 
George  J.  Johnstone 
Alice  Jones 
Ethel  Jones 
Eleanor  H.  Jones 
Franklyn  Jones 
Ada  G.  Jordan 
Ida  Juillerat 
Emma  C.  Juth 
Mamie  Kastens 
Alice  Keefer— 1882-1918 
Ruth  Kellogg 
Elizabeth  Kelsey 
Genevieve  Kelton 
Mrs.  G.  S.  Kemble 
Marian  A.  Kendall 
Cora  W.  Kennedy 
Harold  C.  Keran 
P.  M.  Kerr 
Luella  Kibbe 
Louise  Kidder 
Zinie  Kidder 
Geo.  D.  KierulflF 
Marian  Kinell 
Mabel  L.  King 
Winnifred  King 
Mabel  Kingsland 
Caroline  Koford 

(Mrs.  Kirschner) 
Ottilia  Klein 
Oleta  Kohlmoos 
Mildred  Kreischer 


Grace  Kretsinger 
Fritz  Konrad  Kreuger 
Helen  Lacy 
Jeanette  Langdon 
Lucille   LaGrange 
Delphine  C.  Larson 
Bertha  Lawford 
Winnifred  Lawton 
Edith  M.  Lee 
Elisabeth  Lehr 
E.  B.  Lamare 
R.  J.  Leonard 
Lulu  Levassier 
Blanche  Lewis 
Annie  Logan 
Mrs.  H.  E.  Longenecker 
H.  E.  Longenecker 
Josephine  Longmire 
Rachel  Lothrop 
Maude  Lovejoy 

(Mrs.  Penfield) 
Clifford  E.  Lowell 
Georgella  Lowrey 
Juliet  H.  Lumbard 
Eleanor  MacKenzie 
Marion  Madsen 
Ethel  Main 
Florence  Malone 
Helen  Mangels 
Laura  Marshall 
Helen  Martin 
Matilde  Martin 
Margaret  Matthew 
Mary  G.  Maxwell 
Bessie  Mayne 
Minnie  Mayne 
Nettie  Meek 
Minnie  Metz 
Sophie  Meyer 
Clinton  Miller 
Jennie  Miller 
Ida  C.  Miller 
Irene  Miller 
Lizzie  Miller 
Martha  Miller 

(Mrs.  Scales) 
Jessie  Mitchell 
G.  W.  Monroe 
G.  B.  Moody 


136 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Isabel  Moore 
Sitrah  MorRan 
Amy  Morrish 
Blanche  Morse 
Hubv  Morse 
E.  H'.  Mosher 
Edith  Mossman 
Amy  Mott 
Eugenia  Mouser 
Loretta  Munro 
Marv  McCall 
Mary  McCleave 
Susie  McClure 
Ethel  McCormick 
A.  Beatrice  Macdonald 
Elizabeth  McGuire 
Nettie  McKay  .     ^ 

(Mrs.  Jean  M.  Skimmins) 
W.  G.  McKean 
Mary  E.  MacDougald 
Jane  W.  McKeand 
Mabel  McKee 

Apnes  McLean 

Fannie  W.  McLean 

Irene  McLeod 

Katherine  MacMillan 

H.  A.  Nelson 

Marie  Neuberger 

Katherine  Nevius 

Amelia  Newmark 

Nellie  Newton 

Elmer  E.  Nichols 

W.  W.  Nichols 

Mrs.  N.  M.  Norman 

Nella  Noyes 

Annie  McLeod 

Anna  O'Bannon 

Mary  O'Bannon 

Lida  O'Bannon 

Mary  J.  O'Connor 

Marion  O'Neal 

Katherine  O'Toole 

Eleanor  Orpren 

S.  L.  Osborne 

Apnes  Paden 

Mabel  Palmer 
Miss  A.  L.  Parker 
Harriet  Parker 
Clelia  Paroni 


Clara  M.  Partridge 
Alma  Patterson 
J.  A.  Pearce 
C.  W.  Peck 
Elizabeth  Peck 
F.  E.  Perham, 

City  Supt.  1887-'88 
B.  A.  Perkins 
Emma  S.  Peterson 
(Mrs.  Wilkes) 
I.  A.  Pfaffenberger 
Alma  Phillips 
Hallie  B.  Porter 
Mrs.  C.  G.  Potwin 
Edna  Potwin 
Bertha  C.  Prentice 
James  T.  Preston 
Elizabeth  Prindle 
Alice  Maud  Pryor 
Ada  H.  Ramsdell 
Mary  E.  Rawdon 
J.  W.  Raymer 
Alice  L.  Raymond 
Annie  Raymond 
Laura  Rector 
Eva  Reeve 

Eleanor  Reeves 

Carrie  L.  Remington 
(Mrs.  Watson) 

Kate  Renwick 

Lelah  Reynolds 

Margaret  Rhodes 

Violet  Richardson 

Carmel  Riley 

Lucile  Rives 

Minnie  Roane 

Hazel  Roberts 

Myrtle  Roberts 

M^  Edna  Robinson 

Lucy  M.  Robinson 

W.  Rode 

Lenore  Roedding 

Louise  Roesch 

Alice  M.  Rogers 

Harriet  D.   Rogers 

O.  E.  Rogers 

Josephine  Roller 

R.  C.  Root 

Grace  M.  Rowell 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


137 


Lillias  M.  Rowlands 

Nellie  Runyon 

Lora  G.  Rush 

Clyda  Russell 

E.  K.  Safford 

Mary  A.  Sampson 

Lucy  E.  Sanchez 

Louise  Santos 

Mrs.  E.  J.  Seabury 

Eva  E.  Scribner 

Nelson  L.  Scribner 

Marian  E.  Seaver 

W.  L.  Seawright 

Ella  M.  Shaw 

Geneva  L.  Shaw 

Lyra  J.  Shaw 

Loretta  J.  Shaw 

A.  N.  Sheldon 

H.  F.  Sheldon 

Mattie  C.  Sheldon 

Alice  Sherfey 

Emily  Sherman 

Marguerete  Shoecraft 

Mrs.  Mary  H.  Sims 

Josephine  Skeehan 

Annabel  Skinner 

Mona  Skinner 

Louise   Sloane 

Eleanor  M.  Smith 

L.  R.  Smith 

Marion  C.  Smith 

Nelson  C.  Smith 

Susie  Smith 

Edith  Sprague 

Mrs.  Caroline  P.  Sprague 

1882-1887 
Emily  Squires — 1882-1889 
Olive  Squires 
A.  W.  Stamper 
Sue  Starkweather 
Isabel  Steams 

(Mrs.  Gavin) 
Stella  Stearns 
Lulu  Stedman 
Jennie  W.  Steeves 

(Mrs.  Montgomery) 
Helen  Stern 
Katherine  Sterne 

(Mrs.  Weiler) 


Mary  E.  Sterne 

Edith  C.  Stewart 

Louise  Stokes 

Eva  M.  Stone 

Marion  Stone 

Nell  Stone 

Ethel  Story 

Harriet  M.  Stout 

F.  L.  Stuart 

Margaret  Summers 

Mrs.  L.  V.  Sweesy 

Luie  E.  Taft 

Lillian  Talbert 

C.  E.  Taylor 

Hester  P.  Tefft 

Lucy  Thomas 

Herbert  L.  Thumm 

Violet  Tompkins 

Mabel  Toner 

Emily  V.  Truman 

Alice  Tucker 

F.  B.  Tucker 

Hilda  Turner 

Zella  Van  Ornam 

Henry  Veghte — 1884-1890 

Bertha  Vervalin 

Veda  Vervalin 

May  C.  Wade 

Mrs.  C.  O.  Waldorf 

(May  C.  Waldorf) 
Mary  Walton 
Rosa  Wrampfler 
J.  W.  Warnick 
Roy  E.  Warren 
Elsie  Wartenweiler 
S.  D.  Waterman, 

Supt.  1899-1908 
Gertrude  Watts 
Mary  L.  Way 
Margaret  Webb 
M.  Angle  Webster 
Louetta  Weir 
Earle  V.  Weiler 
Lillian  Welton— 1887-1892 
Virginia  Welton — 1889-1890 
Marion  Wendt 
Alice  Wevmouth 
Ella  M.  Weymouth 
Rose  Whinnery 


138 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Beth  Wiley 

Elsie  V.  Wiley 

Zona  Williams 

Mrs.  Beatrice  Wilmans 

Anna  E.  Wilson 

M.  Ellen  Wilson 

Flora  Wilson 

Mabel   Wilson 

Mae  Wilson 

Mrs.  May  T.  Wilson 

D.  Winter 

Grace  Winters 

Maude  G.  Winters 

William  Wirt 

Elisabeth  Wolf 


A.  M.  Wolfenden 
Agnes  Wood 
Annie  Woodall 
Gussie  Woodall 
Hilda  Woodin 
Carrie  Woodley 
D.  R.  Wood 
Leta  J.  Woodworth 
J.  B.  Wooten 
Nellie  Wright 
Mrs.  Essie  Young 
Frances  Young 
Lena  Young 
Roy  J.  Young 
Zoe  Zartman 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


139 


CHAPTER  XXXVII 

BERKELEY  HIGH  SCHOOL  WAR  RECORD. 


Harry  C.  Aitken,  Dec.  ■14..Army-Amm. 

Layson  Atkins,  Dec.  '11 Army 

Jack  Avery,  Dec.  '14 Army 

Lansing  Bailey,  June  '11 Army 

Chester  Bertolacci Army 

Sherman  Burke,  May  *12 Army 

John  Calkins,  June  '07 Army 

Claude  Canavan Army 

Hersey  Conant,  June  '13 Army 

Alva    Conklin Armj 

Clifford  Cook Army 

John  Corgiat,  June  '11 Navy 

Richard    Cross Army 

George  DeKay,  June  '10 Aviation 

Ormsby  Donogh,  May  '14 Navy 

Victor  Doyle,  June  '11 Army 

Edwin  Elam,  June  '18 Army 

Philip  Embury Aviation 

Kenneth   Emslie Navy 

Richard    Erving Army 

Kenneth   Fenton,  Dec.  '15 Army 

William   Foss Army 

James   Freeman Army 

Thomas  Freeman Army 

William    Freeman Army 

Ralph  Frost,  June  '15 Army-Amb. 

Harry  Geary,  June  '11 Army 

Paul    Geary Army 

Elam  Gibbel Army 

Daniel  Gibbs,  June  '12 Army 

George  Griffin Army 

Frank  Gustavson,  May  '14 Navy 

Wales  Haas,   Dec.  '16 Army 

Alvin  Hambly,  June  '13 Navy 

Henry   Howard,   May   '12.... Army-Amb. 

Herbert  Howard,  June  '16 Navy 

Walter  Hubbard,  June  '15 Army 

Charles  Hussey,  June  '13 Army 

Fred  Hutchinson Navy 

Douglas  Hutton,  Dec.  '15 Navy 


Judson    Knappen Army 

Art  Johnson Navy 

Robert  Landgrebe,  May  '14 Navy 

Eliot   Landon,   May   '14 Navy 

Harvey  Larke Army 

Thomas   Larke,  June  '16 Army 

Wallace   Leland,   June  '16 Radio 

Charles  Lindsay,  June  '13. .Army-Amb. 

Reginald   Linforth,    May   '12 Army 

Harvey   Livingston,  Dec.  '15 Army 

Orry  Marr Army 

Willis   McElroy,   June  '12 Aviation 

Frank   McKechnic,  Dec.  '15 Navy 

Hall   McKenzie Navy 

Colis    Mitchum,   June   '11 Navy 

Willis  Montgomery,  May  '15 Army 

Albert   Nelson,   May   "14 Navy 

Elmer  Nelson,  June  '11 Navy 

Homer  Nichols,   Dec.   '15 Army 

Fred  Ostrander,  May  '12 Marines 

Earl  Parrish,  June  '11 Army 

Millard  Peterson Navy 

Thomas   Rickard Army 

Norman   Rotermund Aviation 

Lemuel   Sanderson,  Dec.   '14 Army 

Ellis  Scotford Navy 

Edmund  Scribner Army 

Harold   Selleck Army 

Lionel    Simonson Army 

Ben  Sisson,  June  '13 Army 

Frank  Steele.   May  '14 Navy 

Fred  Stephens,   Dec.   '14 Navy 

Richard  Stephens,  June  '11 Navy 

Matthew  Sterling,  June  *15 Navy 

Richard   Stumm,   June   '15 Army 

Frank  Sturgeon Army 

George  Sutton,  June  '13 Aviation 

Lawrence  Taylor,  May  '14 Army 

Edwin  Thomas.  Dec.  '11 Army 

William    Thomas Army 


140 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Edward  Valentine.  June  '13  Army 

Klvin  V«n  Haren Army 

Parker  Van  Zant Army 

Frederick   Ward Army 

Arthur    Warren.   June   '13 Army 

Kenneth  Watson.  Dec.  '12 Army 

Benjamin  Wheeler Army 

Guy    Witter.   Dec.  '12 Army 

Elwood  Wrijrht.  June  '13 Army 

Sunley  Arndt.  June  '11 Army 

Charlet   Austin.   Dec.   "11 Army 

Richard   Aycrs.   Dec.   '16 Aviation 

Darrell   Botrardus.  June  '10 Marines 

Clifton    Brown.    May    •12....Army-Amb. 

Robert  Brown Army 

Joachim   Burmeister,   Dec.  '13 Navy 

Ernest  Camper.  June  '13 Aviation 

EuKcne    Corifiat Navy 

Arthur  Drummond Navy 

Charles    Earl.    Dec.   '16 Navy 

Marian  Elliott.  June  '17 Aviation 

Wilson  Ellis.  June  '11 Army 

Robert    Grahm Army 

Herbert  HiesUnd.  June  '13 Army 

Sydney    Howard.    Dec.    '09 Army 

Miriam   Howelle.  June  '13 Army 

Jonathan    Hoyt  Army 

Lester   Hurd.   May  '12 Army 

Edward    Hussey.    Dec.   '15..Army-Amb. 

Carl  Johnston.  June  '08 Army 

William    Kiessijf,   May   '14 Army 

David    Kilduff.   Dec.   '10 Marines 

Ernest  I.aSalle.  June  '10....Army-Amb. 

Donald   I-awton.  Dec.  '14 Army 

GeorKe   Mndsay.  June  '13 Army 

Alan    McBoyle Army 

Cyril  McGuire,   Dec.  '16 Army 

Frank  MontKomery Army 

Raymond  Muenter,  Dec.  '15 Army 

Harold   Myers Navy 

Harold  Ottoman Army 

Milton    Palmirren Navy 

Robert  Palmirren Army 

Donald  Partridjte Army 

Stanley  Partridnre.  Dec.'08..Army-Amb. 

Edwin   Willsburfr,  June  '13 Aviation 

Jackson    H.    Pressly.    May    '14 

Army-Amb. 

Bey  RMidall.  June  '09 Army 


Herman   Raid,   June  '09 Army 

Clayton   Ristenpart,   June   '13..Marines 

John  Robbins,  May  '12 Army 

Orlo  Robinson,  June  '16 Army 

Gerald  Schuyler.  Dec.  '15 Navy 

Carroll  Scott Aviation 

Cyril  Sinclair,  Dec.  '11 Navy 

Arthur  Skaale,  June  '16 Radio 

William  Smith,  Dec.  '07 Army 

Carroll  Stein,  May  '14 Aviation 

Edmund  Stillman,  Dec.  '11 Army 

Eugene  Sturgis,  June   '11. .Army-Amb. 

Hovifard  Turner,  May  '14 Army 

Harvey   Ward,   Dec.   '16 Army 

Windsor  Wilkinson Army 

Wethered   Woodworth,  June   '13.  Navy 

Russell  Yates,  June  '16 Army-Amb. 

Albert   Acheson,   June   '07 Army 

Arthur  Algren,  June  '07 Aviation 

Kenneth  Arntzen Army 

Arthur    Bell Army 

Carl  Biedenbach,  June  '11 Army 

Paul     Birlew Navy 

Edvyin  Blake,  June  '92 Army 

Clarence    Bonner Army 

Lloyd    Bradley Army-Amb 

Paul    Brinstad Aviation 

Stanley  Bryan,  June  '09 Army 

Casler  Burton,  May  '14 Army 

George  Carlton,  May  '12 Army 

Barclay  Christy Signal  Corps 

Waldo  Colby Army 

Williston     Davis Aviation 

Chester  DeKay Navy 

Elmer  Dent Army 

Ashby  Diggs Army 

Aubrey  Drury,  June  '10 Army 

F.   W.   Durgin,   June  '15 Aviation 

James  Dyer,  June  '11 Army 

Joseph  Enzensperger,  Dec.  '13 Navy 

John  Foy Aviation 

Delmer  Frasier,  May  '14 Aviation 

Hervey  Graham,  Dec.  '13 Army 

Edwin  Greer,  Dec.  '16 Navy 

Berry    Griffin Army 

Theodore  Haley Army 

Bruce  Hamilton,  June  '16. .Army-Amb. 

Livingston   Irving Army-Amb. 

Aubrey  Irvsrin Army 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


141 


Einer  Jacobsen Marines 

Daryl  Jewett,  May  '14 Aviation 

Earl  Kaufman  Army 

Kimball  Kaufman,  May  '12 Army 

Walter  Kennedy Army 

Dorsey  Maclay,  June,   16....Army-Amb. 

Louis  Manning Army 

Llewellyn   Martinez Army 

Harold  Mathews,  June  '16 Army 

Marvin    McCabe,    May   '14 Army 

HoUis   McCoy Army 

Nelson  McGee Army 

Stewart  McGee,  June  '08 Army 

Ritchie  McKee,   May   '14 Aviation 

Donald   McLauKhlin,   Dec.   '09 Army 

LeRoy  McQuesten Army 

Raymond   Mitchell,   Dec.   '12.. ..Aviation 

Raymond  Muenter,  June  '15 Army 

Melvin  D.  Murphy,  June  '15 Army 

Irving  Norton,  June  '09 Army 

Irwin  Orear,  June  '16 Army 

Frank    Pape,   Dec.   '13 Navy 

Edgar  Parry,  June  '15 Army 

Harry   Peet,    Dec.    '12 Army 

John  Penniman,  June  '10 Navy 

Theodore  Preble,   May   '12 Army 

George    Scott Army 

Brett  Stevens Army 

Frank  Tate,  June  '11 Army 

Kenneth  Thomsen,  Dec.  '11 Army 

Frank  Trevor Army 

John  Uflford Army 

Joseph  Verdi Army 

Percy  Ward,  June  '13 Army 

Murrell    Warren,    May   '12 Army 

Paul   Warren,  May  '14 Army 

Percy   Welch,   Dec.  '13 Army 

Russell  Wilkes  Army 

Windsor   Wilkinson,  June  '06 Army 

George  Williams,  June  '13..Army-Amb. 

Gladstone   Wilson,   Dec.  '10 Army 

Dean  Witter,  June  '04 Army 

Lawrence  Woodworth Army 

Harold   Yost,   June  '10 Army 

Lawhead  Young,  June  '13..Army-Amb. 

Charles  Ayres Army 

Bradford  Bosley,  June  '13 Army 

Frank   Crane,   May   '12 Army 

Sydney  Ellis,  Dec.  '17 Aviation 


William  Daniels,  Dec.  '13 Army 

J.   Manderson  Evans,  June  '11.. ..Army 

Henry  F'ores,  June  '16 Army-Amb. 

William  Gibbs,  Dec.  '12 Army 

Dr.   Orville   Goss,    Dec.   '08....S.S.    Phy. 

Arthur  C.  Hardy,  June  '13 Army 

Cecil  Hawkins,  June  '16 Navy 

Graham  Holabird,  June  '13 Navy 

Eugene   Hull,  June  '15 Army 

Harold   Kidwell,   Dec.  '13 Army 

Paul   Kidwell,   Dec.  '13 Army 

Julian   LeConte,  June  '17 Navy 

Roland  Martin,  June  "13 Aviation 

Royal  Miller Army 

Wayne  Miller Army 

William  Muldoon,  May  '14 Army 

Philip   Persons,   June  '16 Army 

Frank  Solinsky,  June  '01 Army 

Allan  Sorrell,  June  '10..... Army 

Edwin  S.  Steen,  May  '14 Aviation 

Holley  Stephenson,  June  '10 

Army-Am. 

Malcolm  Stone,  June  '05 Army 

William  Stone,  June  *10 Army 

George  Tays,  June  '15 Army 

Harold  Woodworth Army 

Earle  C.  Coleman,  June  '15 Navy 

Henry  Dahl Army 

Newton  Drury,  June  '08 Navy 

Dwight  Eveleth Army 

Ivyn    Farwell,    May   '14 Aviation 

Roswell   Ham,  June  *09 Army-Amb. 

Stafford  Jory,  June  '08 Army 

Earl  Lamar Navy 

Elbert  Monro,  June  '13. .Coast  Artillery 

Randolph  Monro Army 

John  Muldoon,  Dec.  '15 Navy 

Thomas   Pearson,  Dec.  '16 Army 

Walter    Snook Aviation 

Raymond   Stephens  Navy 

James  Torreyson Army 

Adolflf  Weber,  June  '10 Army 

Percy  E.  Weymouth,  Dec.  '14 Army 

Ernest  Wiglund Army 

Harold   Selleck Army 

Francis    Nunenmacher Aviation 

Frank  Robison Army 

Hazen   Robison Navy 

Donald    Dunn Canadian    Army 


142 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


CHAPTER  XXXVm 
BERKELEY  HIGH  SCHOOL  GRADUATES 


1883 

John  C. 

Dornin 

1884 

Ethel  S.  Anderson 

Emily  Clark 

Gussie  Ayer 

Theodore  Palmer 

1885 

Letitia  Blake 

Ernest  Morrill 

Lewis  Harmon 

Harold  S.  Wilkinson 

1886 

Emily  Graham 

Roger  Sprague 

Nettie  Merrill 

Lillian  Welton 

Nellie  Nelson 

Frank  Woolsey 

1887 

Alice  King: 

Charles  Palache 

Joseph  LeConte 

Nellie  Wilson 

Blanche  Morse 

1888 

Georp:e  Brackett 

Erma  Peterson 

Harriet  M.  Grover 

Mary  S.  Sanborn 

Jean  Hahn 

Edith  Sprague 

Mamie  Kastens 

Alfred  Taynton 

Walter  O'Brien 

Chester  Woolsey 

1889 

Mary  Bancroft 

Charles  Keeler 

Winifred  Bangs 

Susie  Webb 

Georpia  Barker 

David  Porter 

Guy  Chick 

Lottie  Tuohy 

1890 

Helen  Anthony 

Y.  Kuno 

Bonnie  Burckhalter 

Tom  McCleave 

Edith  M.  Clayes 

John  Morrison 

Bessie  Cumminp^s 

Clinton  Morse 

Edward  Dickieson 

Josephine  Stewart 

Kittie  Robbins 

Olive  Squires 

Walter  Hoag 

Helen  Thayer 

1891 

Lizzie  Baxter 

Cecelia  L.  Raymond 

Fred  Clark 

Louise  Shaw- 

John  Dupgan 

Bessie  Smith 

Anita  Gompertz 

Bessie  Sprague 

Tatsuniro  Magario 

Nellie  Tuohy 

HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


143 


Ralph  Marshall 
Clifford  McClellan 

Dukio  Arata 
Robert  B.  Baird 
D.  Etta  M.  Bartlett 
Edwin  S.  Blake 
Lulu  L.  Bartlett 
Charles  H.  Delany 
Joseph  Hume 
George  D.  KierulfF 
Ada  G.  Little 

Grace  Dewing 
Louis  B.  Earle 
Geo.  B.  Finnigan 
Kirke  Gilbert 
Alice  Hoag 
Mary  Hull 
Pearl  M.  Hunt 
Annie  Kellogg 
Bertha  Ketchum 
Delia  Larsen 
Birdie  Lester 
J.  Edwin  Little 
Fred  Lowell 
Marion  Madsen 
Robert  McCleave 
Susie  S.  McKusick 
J.  Brockway  Metcalf 

Ruth  Atterbury 
Dudley  Baird 
Fred  Berryman 
Clarence  Clark 
Dorothy  Deakin 
Ernest  Dozier 
Fred  Fairchild 
Markley  Farish 
Mjrrtle  Foster 
Fannie  Gentry 
Asa  Gray 
Amy  Hamlin 
Daisy  Henderson 
Horace  N.  Henderson 
Grace  L.  Henley 
William  Hoag 
Kate  Jeffries 


1892 


1893 


Willie  Ulrich 
Edna  B.  Woolsey 

R.  H.  S.  Parkhurst 
Newell  S.  Perry 
Walter  H.  Powell 
John  S.  Proll 
T.  Allen  Smith 
Will  E.  Squires 
Edward  H.  Wakefield 
Albert  Wilson 
Shinijire  Yamamete 

Augusta  Nye 
Dewitt  Parkhurst 
Mary  Ponwell 
Mary  Robb 
Gertrude  Rush 
Bertha  Sadler 
Louis  Saph 
James  W.  Scoggins 
Ella  A.  Small 
Phillip  Smith 
Margaret  Steadman 
Maud  Sutton 
J.  Henry  Stutt 
Jessie  J.  Trowbridge 
Albert  Wardwell 
Maud  Week 


1894 


Walter  Leuders 
Mary  C.  McCleave 
Jessie  Naylor 
Frank  Nutting 
Irving  Ostrom 
Maud  Packard 
Hallie  Parsons 
Agnes  Payzant 
Annie  Payne 
Ruth  Rising 
B.  Winifred  Robinson 
Josie  Roller 
Hattie  Rugg 
Bertha  Rush 
Anna  Thayer 
George  Wagner 
Harry  L.  Waste 


:u 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Winifred  Jeffries 
Florence  Lamb 
Annie  Landstrom 

Ruth  R.  Armstrong 
Ethel  Bergen 
Minnie  Bolsted 
Percy  H.  Booth 
Robert  C.  Bowen 
A^nnie  Bramel 
Anpie  Brown 
J.  Rodney  Brown 
M.  Josephine  Colby 
Chas.  W.  Comstock 
Edith  Crawford 
Ralph  0.  Dresser 
Mamie  Embury 
Alice  Freese 
Etta  Good 
Ada  Graber 
William  A.  Hackley 
Mary  S.  Hall 
Sarah  Hanscom 
Grace  Henderson 
Jeanette  F.  Hobson 
Herbert  Hume 
Charles  E.  Jones 
Josephine  Kemp 
P.  W.  Kemp 

William  S.  Acheson 
Elizabeth  J.  Annis 
May  Bentley 
Harold  C.  Bradley 
George  O.  Brehm 
Etta  M.  Bunnell 
Daisy  M.  Clarke 
Fred  N.  Colby 
Morris  H.  Covert 
Claude  DeVore 
Lucy  W.  Dewing 
Roy  E.   Dickerson 
Grace  E.   Dobbins 
Mnrgaret  E.  Fee 
T>ulu  F.  Frame 
Florence  M.  Freuler 
Vivia  M.  Gage 
Mar\'  R.  Gallagher 
Melvin  S.  Good 


Ralston  Whitcomb 
Edna  H.  Wickson 


1895 


Joseph  S.  Kline 
Ralph  B.  Lloyd 
Edna  L.  Lowell 
Eugenia  Loy 
Pearl  M.  Marshall 
Annie  Mason 
Margaret  Matthew 
William  G.  May 
May  26th  Morrison 
Roy  V.  Nye 
Bernice  Onsley 
Ada  Parker 
George  V.  Payzant 
William  C.  Ridge 
Emma  E.  Riggs 
Alice  Rising 
Frances  Rosenstirn 
William  E.  Sauer 
Alfred  J.  Smith 
Emelie  Streib 
Atsu  Nae  Tawara 
Emma  A.  Van 
Margaret  Webb 
Kittie  Ray  Wickson 
Bessie  Mae  Wood 


1896 


Arthur  W.  Kierulff 
Elma  M.  Mansfield 
G.  Herbert  Masters 
Edward  McCleave 
Fred  L.  Morris 
William  F.  Neiman 
Amelia  Newmark 
Clelia  Paroni 
Carlton  H.  Parker 
Erie  C.  Parks 
Peter  N.  Rasmussen 
Fred  E.  Reed 
Leroy  E.  Roberts 
George  H.  Senger 
Ray  W.  Simonds 
Frank  A.  Shidelor 
Norman  E.  Smith 
Agnes  P.  Steedman 
Alice  Stewart 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


145 


David  Goodale 
Anna  M.  Grant 
N.  Claude  Gregory 
Paul  Harmon 
Richard  S.  Haseltine 
Ethel  L.  Heanan 
Charlotte  Henley 
Ida  L.  Henderson 
Augustus  Higgins 
May  M.  Howell 
Alva  T.  Hughes 
Alegra  Hutton 
Chester  W.  Judson 
Fred  W.  Kerns 
J.  L.  Kennedy 

Hilda  Abraham 
Helen  M.  Anderson 
Marcia  S.  Ardley 
Bryan  Bell 
Rita  E.  Beatty 
Etta  E.  Bouve 
Fred  E.  Borton 
Julia  H.  Bretherton 
J.  T.  Barrows 
John  Beatty 
Madeline  V.  Christy 
M.  Maude  Chambers 
William  W.  Downer 
Oma  A.  Davies 
Annie  M.  Delaney 
Mabel  Davis 
Alice  Davies 
George  A.  Dondero 
Charles  Dozier 
Nellie  E.  Dobbins 
Clara  A.  J.  Freuler 
Gertrude  W.  Freuler 
Grace  V.  Farwell 
Edith  R.  Feinberg 
Etta  B.  Eraser 
Frederick  Grubb 
Jonnie  Gilchrist 
Muriel  A.  Hall 
Anna  R.  Hammond 
Eva  M.  Henderson 
Corinne  Hutton 
Helen  G.  Hamlin 
Sidney  Hill 


1897 


Anna  Thayer 
Elsie  C.  Thompson 
Bertie  Tucker 
Fannie  E.  Tyrrell 
Grace  A.  Tyrrell 
Annie  B.  Voorhies 
John  T.  Warren 
Louis  J.  Warren 
Fred  L.  Watrous 
Stella  M.  West 
Mark  H.  White 
George  Wilhelm 
Flora  Wilson 
Herbert  M.  Woodsum 
Harvey  S.  Zehner 


May  A.  Kennedy 
Florence  M.  Kimball 
Esther  M.  Lamb 
Eleanor  L.  Lloyd 
Ruby  Rose  Morse 
Harriet  D.  McVean 
Richard  M.  Mealey 
Henry  D.  Morse 
Mae  McDonald 
Genevieve    Morris 
Henry  W.  McKibben 
Frederick  Nelson 
Margaret  O'Toole 
William  A.  Powell 
Clara  Piper 
Grace  L.  Pack 
Eugene  S.  Pierce 
Lynette  Payne 
Alice  M.  Rogers 
Walter  D.  Reed 
Warren  V.  Richardson 
Lulu  I.  Scott 
Elizabeth  Skinner 
Cora  M.  Steeves 
Minerva  Skinner 
Ethan  Scott 
Howard  D.  Smith 
Helena  P.  Thomas 
Eloise  H.  Trowbridge 
Wallace  F.  Turner 
Lydia  P.  Taylor 
Estella  Turner 
Bertha  L.  Vervalin 


146 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Mav  Hoover 
Florence  E.  Hoyt 
Oliver  W.  Hunter 
Edith  M.  Huddart 
Emerson  Harley 
Florence  G.  Howard 
Arv-illa  M.  Johnson 
Edith  Ketchum 

Fanny  H.  Avery 
Fannie  Ardley 
Henrv  RL  Ardley 

C.  Halton  Aspland 
James  Lorinp  Barker 
Eva  L.  Bramlet 
Pearl  Brown 

D.  L.  Baird 
Frank  Baird 
Arnold  Barnett 
William  E.  Basham 
F.   Homer  Berka 
Enid  Alaine  Bird 
Joshua  0.  Brock 
Harold  0.  Cummings 
June  S.  Chappell 
Harold  K.  Childs 
Ernest  B.  Clark 
Mabel  R.  Clark 
Arthur  A.  Cohn 
Laura  E.  Cohn 
Henry  B.  Dewing 
Mary  L.  Davis 
Jean  Downey 
Hewitt  Davenport 
Leta  Dom 

Ella  F.  Dufffran 
Hubert  Leo  Dungan 
Pauline  M.  Dumet 
Calvin  0.  Esterly 
Ruth  Dell  Engle 
Nina  M.  Farwell 
Frances  E.  Farish 
Charles  C.  Finn 
Rokusadoru  Fukuda 
Airnes  M.  Forgie 
Amy  Flagg 
Kate  R.  Gompertz 
Fred  F.  Goodsell 
Elsa  Gould 


Ralph  W.  Wardwell 
Edna  F.  Wyckoff 
Mabel  H.  Whitney 
Roy  L.  Woolsey 
John  M.  Waste 
Frank  R.  Warnick 
Frances  Yeazell 


1898 


Stella  I.  Hall 
Ruth  A.  Hoppin 
Mary  F.  Jewett 
Harry  H.  Johnson 
Henjiro  Kato 
Louis  H.  Kling 
Katherine  F.  Keys 
Edith  May  Lee 
Arthur  V.  Leslie 
Florence  Lough 
Allen  P.  Matthew 
May  F.  MacCoy 
George  C.  Mansfield 
Leon  E.  Martin 
Bertha  V.  Vervalin 
H.  H.  Macdonald 
Albert  Mix 
Lillian  F.  McFarl 
Arthur  McKeown 
Caroline  S.  Morse 
Elsie  Nutting 
Earl  M.  Nutting 
M.  Nakanouchi 
Adelaide  Parsons 
Otto  W.  Peterson 
Challen  R.  Parker 
Edna  Potwin 
Martha  E.  Pagh 
Ethel  L.  Preble 
Edda  A.  W.  Ryder 
Walter  M.  Ratcliff,  Jr. 
Herbert  W.  Ross 
Chester  M.  Rugg 
Laura  E.  Sleeper 
Russell  S.  Springer 
Frank  I.  Standart 
Henry  K.  Stewart 
Annie  J.  Schroeder 
Henry  Spencer 
Geneva  L.  Shaw 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


147 


Robert  H.  Goodale 
Gustave  Griesche 
Florence  Gentry 
John  M.  Henderson 
Bertha  Hutton 
Tyrrell  S.  Hamlin 
Helen  E.  Hill 
Ruth  E.  Holgate 
Elsie  M.  Hunt 

H.  R.  Atkinson 
Winifred  Bigley 
Gertrude  Burgess 
Nora  Beatty 
Emily  Boorman 
Wallace  Bransford 
Allen  Caven 
Harold  Cloudman 
Carrie  Christensen 
Myra  Freidenrich 
Sadazi  Fudita 
William  S.  Fox 
Helen  Grover 
Ted  Guard 
William  H.  Girvin 
Beverly  Hathaway 
Howard  Hendricks 
James  Hamilton 
Thomas  R.  Hanna 
Alice  Jones 
Pearl  Judson 
Carl  P.  Jones 
Georgina  Koenig 
Evelyn  Kennedy 
Elsie  Kirk 
Leonard  Kitts 

Leila  Abbott 
Wayman  Atterbury 
Edward  Abbott 
Greta  Augustine 
Estelle  Brown 
Genevra  Bell 
Alfreda  Berg 
Joseph  Bingaman 
Aline  Blackman 
Dora  Bramlett 
Maud  Barnett 
Helen  Bennett 


1899 


Jane  C.  Stewart 
Bessie  E.  Simpson 
Jennie  W.  Steeves 
Harriet  M.  Stout 
Sophie  Van  Ahlnen 
Sharlie  J.  Ward 
Percy  M.  Warner 
Maud  E.  Watrous 
Joseph  L.  Wilson,  Jr. 
I 

Mabel  Kyle 
Cora  Lasell 
Arthur  P.  Lathrop 
Arthur  C.  Lowell 
Annie  E.  McCleave 
Olga  Meyer 
Josephine  Minto 
Alice  Mercier 
Richard  McCarthy 
Robert  Munro 
Howard  Merrill 
Janet  Mason 
Millie  L.  Mendes 
Romilda  Paroni 
Catherine  Peake 
Janet  Rankin 
Wallace  Scotchler 
Elsie  Sullivan 
Leslie  Trowbridge 
Marcia  Taylor 
Ida  Wickson 
Pearl  Wagner 
W.  A.  E.  Woods 
Emma  Warren 
Joe  Wrenn 


1900 


Ralph  Lyon 
Alice  Meyer 
Amy  Mott 
Constance  Manning 
Edward  Martin 
Minnie  McAvoy 
Nettie  McKay 
Annie  Milledge 
Lucinda  Morse 
Olivia  McCabe 
Grace  McKeown 
Jennie  Peterson 


148 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Menno  Bowman 
Launee   Crozier 
Mabel  Cole 
Myra  Darke 
Leslie  Dobbins 
Ava  Earle 
Sam  Eastman 
George  Elliott 
Finley  Eastman 
Mary  Farrell 
James  Fozard 
Eva  Gray 
Alice  Gompertz 
Zack  Hartley 
Joe  Hartley 
Adelaide  Hazlett 
RaNTnond  Henderson 
Stella  Hoag 
Harry  Hoffman 
Sylvan  Haas 
Frank  Howell 
Ra\Tnond  Jones 
Hilma  Jones 
Carrie  Johnson 
Ida  Juillerat 
Grace  Johnson 
Emil  Kruschke 
Mary  Kennedy 
James  Lester 
Matie  Leonard 

Douglas  Adams 
Owen  Adams 
Julia  Ayers 
Bernice  Barrows 
Alfreda  Bartlett 
Henry  W.  Beecher 
George  Brainard 
Leona  Burgess 
Celsa  Camall 
Edward  Chase 
Charles  Cheney 
Rebecca  Cohn 
Clara  Cowperthwaite 
Isabel  Crozier 
Mabel  Edwards 
Thel  Eggleston 
Kathleen  Elliott 
Clarence  Ernst 


Sara  Peete 
Bessie  Pack 
Garfield  Perier 
Virginia  Pierce 
Ella  Rea 

Myrtle  Ristenpart 
Ethel  Ratcliff 
Florence  Senger 
Cecilia  Skinner 
Dahlia  Spencer 
Winifred  Schaeffer 
Lulu  Stutt 
Sei  W.  Sanada 
Edna  Sawyer 
Frank  Skinner 
George  Spencer 
Pearl  Spencer 
Ivy  Stoddard 
Katherine  Storie 
Vida  Vervalin 
Charlotte  Whitney 
Mamie  Wilson 
Marie  Wilson 
Millicent  Ward 
Ernest  Wells 
Olie  White 
Walter  Whitlock 
Fred  Weber 
Florence  Reeve 


1901 


William  Mason 
Mabel  Martin 
Alvin  Mather 
Elsie  Middlehoff 
Henry  Miller 
Erma  Morris 
Warren  Myers 
Jessie  Munro 
Howard  Naffziger 
Elizabeth  Nelson 
Charles  Newhall 
Rose  O'Toole 
Mary  Overman 
Eugene  Parker 
Lena  Paroni 
Carrie  Parsons 
Harold  Piatt 
Hazel  Preble 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


149 


Maxwell  O.  Frank 
Herbert  Frenzel 
Anna  Gage 
Nita  Gilkyson 
Blanche  Gottschall 
Edwin  Grindley 
William  Hawley 
Cyrus  Hiester 
Thomas  B.  Hutchins 
Walter  C.  Ingles 
Christine  K.  Jones 
Lucy  Kastens 
William  Kelly 
Laurence  Kennedy 
Hamilton  Lee 
Ernest  D.  Linscott 
Earl  Lang 
Etta  Lyser 
Mary  McBride 
Evelyn  MacDonald 
Agnes  Mackey 
William  McCleave 
Elmer  McCoy 
Donald  E.  McKee 

William  Andrews 
Amy  Annis 
Eda   Adams 
Richard  Boettiger 
Oscar  Boettiger 
Julia  Bennett 
May  Burleson 
Myrtle  Butler 
Esther  Bowman 
Ralph  Brock 
Bertram  Chaplin 
Mildred  Congdon 
Gertrude  Campbell 
William  Cavalier 
Roy  Darke 
Julia  Dexter 
Ethel  Engebretson 
Frank  Eidenmuller 
Ward  Esterly 
Ida  Foster 
Erdman  Frenzel 
Louis  Farley 
Alice  Gallagher 
Minott  Goodman 


Rita  Primm 
Ethel  Robertson 
Ella  Ross 
Helen  Sackett 
Dudley  Saeltzer 
Alice  Senger 
Helen  Shaw 
Myrtle  Sims 
Mona  Skinner 
Matilda  Skinner 
Hugh  McJunkin 
Richard  Snell 
Frank  Solinsky 
John  Steedman 
Florence  Thrall 
Ellen  Trueblood 
Charles  Volz 
Frank  Warner 
Marion  Wendt 
Hallie  Whitlock 
Gladys  Wickson 
Harmon  Wickson 
Theodore  Wilder 


1902 


Mable  Knoll 
Lewis  Kistler 
Violet  Kerrison 
Winnifred  Lawton 
Lucile  La  Grange 
William  La  Grange 
Pearle  Lewis 
Lena  Liersch 
Ernest  Linscott 
William  Loughborough 
Chester  Lamb 
Bessie  Merrill 
Charlotte  McMahon 
Leona  Morris 
Loretta  Munro 
Vera  Percival 
Ruth  Peterson 
Carrie  Parsons 
Louis  Pape 
Raymond  Pond 
George  Posey 
Maude  Percival 
Vida  Ross 
Lorene  Rule 


150 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


William  Griesche 
Percy  Gii-vin 
Isabel  Hansen 
Ward  Hall 
Walter  Hanna 
William  Henry- 
Don  Hickey 
Louis  Hickey 
Emma  Hann 
Ida  Henley 
Maude  Hogue 
Sam  Hume 
Ivy  Johnson 
Fred  Johnson 
F.  J.  Joubert 
Eugenia  Kellen 


1903 


Walter  Radford 
Frank  Solinsky 
Harriet  Smythe 
Elizabeth  Syle 
Grace  Stokes 
Harry  Squire 
LeRoy  Tufts 
Alice  Thompson 
Dale   Tyrrell 
George  Warren 
Edna  Wilson 
Hope  White 
William  Warren 
Christopher  Webb 
Theo  Wilder 
Elsie  Worden 

Sarah  Mathew 
John  G.  Milledge 
Jimmie  Montg-omery 
Chester  Marliave 
Burton  L.  Mincher 
Muir  McKelvy 
Maybelle  G.  Mentz 
Charles  Lewis  Monsen 
Mary  Eva  Navone 
Luther  Newhall 
Anna  E.  M.  Neuwirth 
Takae  Ozawa 
Majorie  Paterson 
Bessie  Patton 
Robert  W.  Pack 
Warren  Charles  Perry 
M.  Grace  Piatt 
Carmel  D.  Riley 
Zoe  C.  Riley 
Helen  Frances  Robinson 
Morton  J.  Raven 
William  Reinhardt 
Melvin  Thayer  Rhodes 
Woodworth  Allen  Ryder 
Fernande  Louise  Herrmann   Beverly  H.  Rush 
Berthold  Hews  Marguerite  D.  Shoecraft 

Samuel  J.  Hume  Lillian  Kerr  Stewart 

Dora  H.  James  Georgia  Scott 

Mabel  I.  James  Harry  L.  Sully 

Laurence  Jenning  T.  King  Sweesy 

Cecilia  Emma  King  Frances  L.  Shuster 

Harold  Coulter  Keran  Lulu  M.  Taber 


Blanch  H.  Albee 

Maria  Burwell  Anderson 

Florine  E.  Brakenridge 

Claude  G.  Baudine 

Herbert  S.  Blakemore 

Edith  L.  Brown 

Lelia  Cooper 

Mary  Wynafred  Carey 

Choate  Curran 

Pluma  Button 

Marion  E.  DuBois 

Alice  Dean 

Hazel  G.  Engebretson 

Miriam  Barstow  Edwai'ds 

Ethel  L.  Fletcher 

Cornelia  Louise  Forsyth 

Eva  C.  Frame 

Wendell  Farrar 

Irene  Gaines 

Edith  Gray 

Howard  Rixson  Gaines 

Melville  A.  Grant 

Evan  K.  Hamilton 

Elwood  C.  Hiester 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


151 


Franz  Kleinschmidt 
Eleanor  M.  Keegan 
Amy  Genevieve  Luke 
Bessie  Taylor  Maj^ann 
Matilde  Emilie  Martin 
E.  A.  Bertha  Matignon 
Laura  Alice  MacDonald 

Emily  Ambrose 
Julia  Andruss 
Helen  Anthony 
Robert  Blake 
Mabelle  Brow^n 
James  Blakemore 
Arthur  Bolton 
Raymond  Bush 
Bruce  Barnes 
Renwick  Breck 
Adelaide  Bangs 
Elsa  Bauer 
Pearl  Bank 
Sheldon  Cheney 
Raymond  Clinch 
Malcolm  Calkins 
Burlington  Carlisle 
Thomas  Chace 
Ensang  Ching 
Gladys  Chace 
Mabel  Clay 
Bessie  Cloudman 
Nettie  Cohn 
Lois  Corbaley 
Hazel  Cole 
Marguerite  Daniels 
Mary  Downey 
Dorothy  Doyle 
Ethel  Dyer 
Bertha  Dale 
Helen  Davis 
Nicholas  Duggan 
Hugh  Dykes 
Alma  Demerritt 
Hugh  Downey 
Irene  Dyer 
Rowena  Elston 
Carl  Elkins 
Harry  Estep 
Mariorie  Fargo 
Fred  Fish 


1904 


K.  Elliott  Trowbridge 
Ida  Turner 
Lawrence  E.  Turner 
Dudley  J.  Whitney 
Adela  Wikoff 
Marion  Breese  Wilcox 
Herbert  G.  Wright 
[ 

Sawyer  Lane 
Oliver  Lansing 
Lela  Leonard 
Beryl  Livermore 
Ada  Lockett 
Marion  La  Baree 
Elinor  Merrill 
Inez  Mather 
Eva  McClure 
Mary  McClure 
Ethel  Morrin 
Lillian  Morris 
Nina  Munro 
Winfield  Matthew 
Leen  Moore 
Fay  Morgan 
Esther  Maddux 
Sibyl  Marston 
Charlotte  Mercier 
Bessie  Maples 
Olive  Morrish 
John  Navone 
Calla  Newland 
Kathryn  Neill 
Chandler  Otis 
Clyde  Powers 
Olga  Pausch 
Alice  Powell 
Bessie  Recardo 
John  Rice 
Archie  Randall 
Perry  Schott 
Nena  Shuman 
Lena  Shuman 
Grace  Snow 
Esther  Stevens 
James  Schaeffer 
Thomas  Stoero 
Gertrude  Scott 
Doremus  Scudder 
Josephine  Seaman 


152 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Herbert  Freuler 
Leslie  Gompertz 
Ruth  Green 
Grace  Hawxhurst 
Bourdon  Holden 
Hazel  Hotchkiss 
Ruth  Haskell 
Sumner  Hodges 
Stephen  Hust 
Ina  Hughes 
Annie  Jewett 
Maurice  Johnson 
Harry  Jenkins 
Robert  Knox 
Oscar  Kettenbach 
Lloyd  Kruschke 
George  Kerr 
Isabel  La  Baree 
Roland  Lamb 

Winifred  Ambrose 
Hilda  Atkinson 
Pearl  Albee 
Sam  Batdorf 
Pearl  Bank 
Mabel  Beal 
Alice  Biehl 
Paul  Bailey 
Albert  Bliven 
Harry  Bone 
Clara  Burnett 
Marshall  Cheney 
Arnold  Chapman 
Lucille  Cowan 
Albert  Crossfield 
Clare  Crossfield 
Donald  Connolly 
Pearl  De  Large 
Alice  Elliott 
George  Eckley 
William  Edwards 
Myrtle  Fillman 
Winthrop  Floyd 
Albert  Foster 
Alice  Farey 
Maude  Gerrior 
Robah  Goodman 
Wesley  Grijalva 
Ray  Grinstead 


Iris  Seroy 
Lynda  Service 
Robert  Shuey 
Nellie  Stuart 
Richard  Shaffer 
Maud  Turner 
Grace  Thomas 
Byron  Underwood 
Pearl  Watkins 
Helen  Watson 
Louretta  Weir 
Dean  Witter 
Francis  White 
Evelyn  Watson 
Vina  Wiley 
Maud  Williams 
Olivia  Wright 
George  Yocco 


1905 


Susie  Love 
Howard  Lane 
Bertram  Lombard 
Maja  McCabe 
Davida  McCartney 
Ralph  MacFadyen 
Scott  Martin 
Raymond  Mohrhardt 
Fletcher  Monson 
Jack  Moskowitz 
Jean  Nicholls 
Garesche  Ord 
Alice  O'Toole 
Alta  Patton     ' 
Dewey  Powell 
William  Priestly 
Fred  Piatt 
Edna  Quay 
Florence  Robinson 
Ida  Rathke 
Harry  Reinhardt 
Russell   Richardson 
Helen  Sargent 
Grace  Shaw 
Malcolm  Stone 
Truman  Swaine 
Georgina  Sturgis 
Hilda  Turner 
Henry  Thiess 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


153 


Florence  Hurd 
Stanley  Henderson 
Amy  Holland 
Beverly  Hook 
Celia  Howard 
William  Halloran 
Richard  Hayden 
Jennie  Jensen 
Bertha  Johnson 
Marguerite  Koeler 

Christina  Cameron 
Mary  Carpenter 
Mary  Clough 
Camille  Coady 
Hazel  Fordenwalt 
Grace  Griffiths 
Muriel  Hamm 
Mildred  Hart 
Lucille  Haber 
Harvey  Haseltine 

Fannie  Armstrong 
Ernest  Allen 
Clement  Ambrose 
Judson  Aspinwall 
Vera  Bagot 
Blanche  Bayly 
Martha  Beaser 
Charlotte  Biedenbach 
Claire  Bowman 
Frances  Bowman 
Eugene  Battles 
Frank  Bowring 
Harold  Brayton 
Alma  Billups 
Bertha  Brown 
Caroline  Chaires 
Jessie  Cole 
Ada  Cross 
Kenneth  Cameron 
Clarice  Davis 
Irene  Dakin 
Margaret  Darst 
Marguerite  Davis 
Kathleen  Devine 
Pearl  Dunlap 
Pliny  Doane 
Ben  Dykes 


1905 


1906 


Peter  Thomson 
Guest  Wickson 
Donald  Wehe 
Grace  Weymouth 
Eleanor  White 
Agnes  Whiting 
Ethel  Wickson 
Bessie  Wiley 
Wilma  Wislocki 
Fred  Wright 

Henry  Humann 
Olive  Marshall 
Edward  Morrin 
Curtis  Nance 
Katharine  O'Toole 
Oliver  Pausch 
Colvin  Reed 
Collins  Rouse 
Sallie  Segal 
Irma  White 

Roscoe  McCabb 
Kellogg  McCarthy 
Earl  McCash 
Mary  Miller 
Howard  Morrin 
Alfred  Myers 
Gertrude  MacMillan 
Ernest  Mentz 
Amy  Morrish 
Bowning  Varl  Nichols 
William  Parry 
Alice  Phillips 
Lucy  Pierce 
Louise  Pomeroy 
Melnotte  Peck 
Beatrice  Rice 
Mary  Riley 
Antoinette  Kenake 
Hazel  Roberts 
Evelyn  Rust 
Jessie  Reed 
Tom  Richardson 
Paul  Rieger 
Helen  S.  Salter 
Emily  Sherman 
Hedley  Scudder 
Elbert  Solinsky 


154 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Albert  Evers 
Alice  Farey 
Elsie  Goldman 
Alice  Griesche 
Bessie   Hidden 
Carey  Hill 
David  Hardy 
Margaret  Hizar 
Luella  Jones 
Ethel  Jordan 
Christina   Jacobsen 
Edward  Kendall 
Eva  Kennedy 
Marie  J.  Johnke 
Esther  Merrill 
Robert  McCall 
Frances  Monsen 

Alena    Bailey 
Earle   Batdorf 
Edith   Batdorf 
Delia   Bayly 
Arthur  Bell 
Helen  Bixby 
Grace  Chubb 
Ellen  Holland 
Herbert  Johnson 

Albert  Acheson 
Arthur  Ahl^ren 
Florence  Alvarez 
Agnes    Anderson 
Harold  Bartlett 
Myron  Battles 
Genevra  Bell 
James   Berger 
Edna  Boone 
Roy  Bowers 
Philander  Brownell 
George  Burnham 
Lewis   Caldwell 
Allard   Calkins 
John  Calkins 
Ernest  Chapman 
Edith  Clapp 
Hazel   Clark 
Mabel  Duckett 
Bryan   Dyer 
Florence   Early 


Ben  Steams 
Noble  Stover 
Grace  Tully 
Charles  Thomas 
Elwin  Thompson 
Alenda  van  der  Haas 
Estelle  Ward 
Geneve  Williamson 
Louis  Watts 
Sam  Weston 
Esabelle   Whitman 
Lillie  Wilder 
Winsor  Wilkinson 
Winifred   Wills 
Roy  Miller 
Alfred  Merritt 


1906 


Louis  Joubert  Resell 
Lucille  Kistler 
Esther  Sadler 
Josephine    Montagne 
Nelson   Scotchler 
Edward  Solinsky 
Robert  Whitelaw 
Gertrude    Whiteside 
Roswell  Wilder 


1907 


Florence  Beck 
Blanche  De  Large 
Myrtle  Hill 
Alma  Myers 
Hilda  Oser 
Roberta  Lester 
Myra  Lewis 
Ross  Mahon 
Marian  Marsh 
Harry   McBride 
Ethei   McConnell 
Charles  McElliott 
Mathilda  McKewon 
Edna  Miler 
Gay  Mosher 
Matthew  Nelson 
Aileen  O'Brien 
Ethel  Parrish 
May  Paschich 
Dorothy  Phillips 
Charles  Rakestraw 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


155 


Chauncey  Eldridge 
Vera   Elliott 
Mansfield   Everett 
Evan  Foulds 
Marian  Gates 
Florence  Getchell 
Ernest  Girvin 
Julia  Graham 
Marguerite  Harvey 
George   Harlowe 
Hannah    Harris 
Linville  Hotchkiss 
Frank  Hudson 
Susie  Irwin 
Henry  de  Jarnette 
Hazel  Jordan 
Thornton  Jordan 
Robert  Krafft 
Caroline  Lee 

Lorraine   Andrews 
John  Badger 
Earl   Barnett 
Eunice   Beal 
Mary  Barron 
Edna  Bell 
Irwin   Berry 
Miriam   Blacker 
Ralph  Bowers 
Dora  Brink 
Hivenia  Bristol 
Lillian  Brown 
Edna  Browning 
Margaret  Buckham 
Olivette    Bunce 
Ethel  Burns 
Wandee    Cheek 
Hong  Shing 
Gano  Chittenden 
Ella  Clark 
Blanche  DeLarge 
Stella  Davis 
Florence  Doyle 
Newton  Drury 
Alice  Eveleth 
Jewel  Fay 
Warren  Ferrier 
Roy  Fortier 
Beryl  Fountaine 


Margaret  Ray 
Mabel   Sadler 
Ruby  Scott 
Penelope    Sittmann 
George  Smith 
William  Smyth 
Leigh  Stafford 
Effa  Steele 
Laura  Stewart 
Muriel  Stewart 
Eloisa  Tays 
Florence  Watkins 
Mabel  White 
Margaret  Witter 
Chester   Ristenpart 
Clara  Sturm 
Amanda  Troplong 
Beth  Wiley 

June,  1908 

Ella  Lewis 
Rowan  Lucke 
Leonard  Loeb 
Marjory  Lusk 
Helen  Lyons 
James  Marshall 
Hurd   Matthew 
Bailey  McAfee 
Claire  McClure 
Stewart   McGee 
Kathryn  McKee 
Kenneth  Mohrhardt 
Emily  Moore 
Jean  Mosher 
Raymond  Newsom 
Grace  Noble 
Norma  Noteware 
Alice  Pember 
Albert  Rathbone 
Mildred   Reynolds 
Frank  Rieber 
Agnes    Robinson 
Archie  Rushforth 
Marion  Rust 
Pauline  Ruth 
Roy  Ryan 
Elsa  Schilling 
Caroline  Schleef 
Russell  Schultze 


156 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Walter  Frederickson 
Howell    Gester 
Fred   Goldman 
Oscar  Goldman 
Will  Graham 
Alice  Hiestand 
George   Holbrook 
Clare  Jacobsen 
Marion  James 
Rebekah  Jewett 
Milton   Johnson 
Carl  Johnston 
Bessie  Jones 
Mildred  Jordan 
Stafford  Jory 
Emilia  Kanig 
Carl  Kelsey 
Werner    Lawson 
Josephine  LeConte 
Mildred  LeConte 

Doris  Aden 
Frances  Albee 
Fred  Allen 
Paul  Barnes 
Nan  Brunk 
Clare  Carpenter 
Alma  Craig 
Homer  Davis 
Natalie  Durney 
Irene  French 
Sarah  Frisbie 
Orville  Goss 
William  Grieg 
Evelyn  Hanna 
Marion  Hodge 
Myrtle  Lacy 
Agnes  Whiteman 

Elizabeth  Bailie 
Olive   Bannister 
Ruth  Bardshar 
Katie  Barnes 
Rov  Barrett 
Ethel  Bartlett 
Elvira  Beraun 
Elsie  Biedenbach 
Grace  Bonham 
Bowers  Boone 


Stanton  Sherman 
Eva  Sherwin 
Roy  Shurtleff 
John  Spasoff 
Doris  Spencer 
Welcott  Stanton 
Gordon  Stew^art 
Howard  Stover 
Lillian  Thaxter 
Gwendolyn   Underwood 
Saidee  Underwood 
Joy  Waltz 
Earl  Waycott 
Margery  Whinnery 
Meredith  Wills 
Gladys  Wilson 
Leah    Wilson 
John  Wise 
Percy  Wisecarver 
Katherine    Woodhead 

December,  1908 

Flora  Black 
Kathryn  Larkin 
Addie  McCurdy 
Irene  McLeod 
Natalie  Metcalfe 
Sakujiro  Mitsuda 
Florence  Moore 
Monterey  Morris 
Stanley  Partridge 
Lee  Patterson 
Bethenia  Prunty 
Carrie  Prunty 
Carl  Replogle 
Elmer  Roberts 
Alice  Robinson 
Eloise  Shoecraft 
Grace  Young 
June,  1909 

Lucy  Lovett 
William   Mahon 
Raymond  Martin 
Mabel   Mattern 
Anna  McAfee 
Alice  McComb 
John  Miller 
Gertrude  Mosers 
Mary  Mulvany 
Elna  Nelson 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


157 


Vera  Branthaver 
Stanley  Bryan 
Beryl  Burch 
Katharine    Carlton 
Miriam   Clapp 
Allen  Clarke 
Ralph  Coane 
Portia  Collom 
Gladys  Cummings 
Jean  Davis 
William   Davis 
Daniel  Drake 
Emily  Edgerley 
Laura  Farwell 
Percy  Frater 
Eugene  Frickstad 
Elizabeth  Fuidge 
Gordon  Gale 
Jennie  Gardner 
Inez  Goodman 
Marjorie  Grinnell 
Ella  Hallawell 
Roswell  Ham 
Millard  Hendricks 
Zella  Henrich 
Eleanor  Henry 
William    Hiney 
Lucile   Hollingsworth 
Colin  Hoskins 
Goldie  Hulin 
Hollis  Hyde 
Hadley  Kelsey 
Sarah  Kelsey 
Irma  Kendrick 
Leo  Kennedy 
Eugene  Kern 
John  Kerr 
Philip   Landon 
Margaret  Locan 
Cyril  Lotz 

Evelyn  Banker 
Ruth  Berry 
Anna  Biedenbach 
Avis  Burchard 
Marguerite    Carleton 
Zella  Eddy 
Elizabeth  Fiske 
Frank  Foster 


Mabel  Nelson 
Clyde  Nicholls 
Irvine  Norton 
Gladys  Ostrander 
Gertrude  Percival 
Emma  Perrin 
William  Perrin 
Dorothy  Pillsbury 
George   Pomeroy 
William  Pomeroy 
Ray  Reniall 
Leland  Rathbone 
Florence  Reames 
Lawrence  Redmond 
Herman  Reid 
Thomas  Rieger 
Cecile  Robertson 
Harriet   Robinson 
Pearl   Rogers 
Lenore  Salsig 
Adolf  Sandner 
Frederick  Shafer 
Viva    Shuman 
Earle  Sinclair 
John  Sloan 
Warde  Sorrick 
Walter  Stairs 
Evelyn   Steel 
Myrtle  Stephens 
Gilbert  Sweet 
Mau  Sun 
Paul  Taylor 
Corona  Vance 
Gladys  Van  Mater 
John  Watson 
Lora  Weber 
Dorothy   Wilkinson 
Buford  Wright 
Homer  Wulvher 
Edith  Wulzen 
December,  1909 

Merle  McAneney 
Kathryn  McCabe 
Donald    McLaughlin 
Ellen  McNeill 
Merla  Metcalfe 
Jessie  Mitchell 
Mae  Monson 
Walter  Penniman 


158 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


William  Goebel 
Sarah   Hammond 
William  Hanford 
Arthur  Hayne 
Florence  Hill 
Sidney  Howard 
George  Incell 
Grace  Jones 
Mark  Kerr 
Mildred  Kreischer 
Helen  Lacy 
Ruth  Laird 
Florence  Larson 
Douglass  MacColl 
Beatrice  Masters 

June 
Barclay  B.  Adams 
Anna  Anderson 
Volney  Averill 
Leeta  E.  Bare 
Rose  Barker 
Ida  M.  Batsford 
Helen   Blacker 
Darrell  Bogardus 
Sidney  E.   Brotherton 
Lorena  Viola   Buck 
Mildred   Bell   Clark 
Katherine   Crosby 
John   0.   Davis 
George  Herbert  DeKay,  Jr. 
Aubrey  Wheeler  Drury 
Anne  Fenwick 
Oswald  J.   Froberg 
Elmina  Dundon  Gardner 
Virginia  Green 
Katherine  Hall 
Hertha  A.   Herrmann 
Walter  Hawkins  Holland 
William  K.  Hoyt 
Pauline   Jackson 
Henry  Bowman   Koeler 
August   Ralph   Klopfer 
Kenneth  Vernon  Laird 
Ernest  R.  Lasell 
Myrtle  Libby 
John  C.  Anderson 
Henry  Edward   Ashmun 
Lucy  Schall  Baer 
Florence  N.  W.  Bailio 


Morton  Reynolds 
Earle   Ristenpart 
Linnie  Ryan 
Earnest  Sahlberg 
Marion   Scott 
Bessie  Shaw 
Clara  Shaw 
Ormond   Smith 
Jessie  Watts 
Herbert  Watkins 
Rose   Whinnery 
Fannie   Whitman 
August  Wiesenhavern 
Margaret  Wyper 
Alpha  Zirkle 

1910 
Cynthia  Cushman  McCarthy 
Mildred  Merle   McElroy 
J.  George  Moore 
Gladstone  Morris 
Amy  Myers 
Ernest  Ford  Nolting 
Constance  Mary  Partsch 
John  G.  Penniman 
Emma  M.  Pfefferle 
Harry  Porter  Pohlman 
Boyd  Bremer  Rakestraw 
Irma  Tyrrell  Riley 
Clifton  Page  Rose 
Margaret  Schulze 
Harry  E.  Shick 
George  Sonntag 
Kurt  Steindorff 
Jessie  E.  Swift 
Eugene  Tays 
Andrew  Reese  Thompson 
Herbert  William  Tweedie 
John  Parker  Van  Zand 
Lois  Voswinkel 
Adolph  Gottig  Weber 
Mildred  Lucille  Wickson 
Norma  E.  Wisecarver 
Lawrence  A.  Woodworth 
Harold  Hewett  Yost 
John  Zeile 
Roslind   Magnes 
Sarah  Edna  Maguire 
Raymond  Matthew 
Sophia  Veritas  McEntyre 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


159 


Marion  Barnes 
Genevieve  Beck 
Arthur  Stanley  Blean 
Belle    Richardson    Bowen 
Lester   Bennett   Brown 
Louise  K.  Burton 
Evangeline  V.   Coombs 
Gladys  D.  Coyle 
Lyllis  Aileen  Daugherty 
L.  Stephen  V.  Dowing 
Elron  E.  Edgerley 
Muriel  Fleming 
Ethel  E.  Frohliger 
Florence  E.  Gates 
Ray  E.  Gunn 
Clare  Hester  Harrington 
Mildred    M.    Hermann 
Carlos  Harold  Howard 
Theodore  Huggins 
Harrv  E.  Kennedy 
Ida  N.  M.  Kruft 
Callie  Lansing 
Hazel  Clifton  Lawton 
Edward   C.   Lipman 
Edith  Elizabeth  Locan 
Paula  McGibbon 
Hermann  E.  Mattern 


Certificated 

James  A.  Marshall 
Chester  E.  Bennett 
John  Watson 
Oscar  Steel 


by     C 


Daryl  B.  Miller 
Winona  Moore 
Nellia  D.  Mortenson 
Maybelle  Needham 
Alexander  R.  Newell 
Ogden  Kent  Paterson 
G.  Clifford  Pettygrove 
Frank  Wilson  Pinger 
Lucy  Miriam  Pray 
Katherine  F.  Reese 
Chester  Samuel  Robinson 
Lillias  S.  Rowlands 
Gracella  Scotford 
Marguerite  Slater 
Helen  A.   Spuller 
William  Stone 
H.  Franklin  Tate 
Fannie  Q.  Thompson 
Anita  Mercedes  Truman 
Elvine  Van  Haren 
Adella  Louise  Vollmore 
Ella  Lillian  Wall 
Lucile  Wester 
Esmond  Wiley 
Julia  M.  Wood 
Stephen  N.  Wyckoff 
William  H.  Youngman 
ommercial  Department 
Allan  E.  Sorrell 
William  Meinheit 
Phyllis  M.  Eden 


December,  1910 
Barclay  Gladstone  Anderson  Rosalind  Jepson 


Layson  Enslow  Atkins 
Royal  Rohan  Baronidis 
Lucile  Batdorf 
Cecile  M.   Billups 
Olin  Brown 
Hugh  D.  Brunk 
Mabel  Estelle  Button 
Arthur  W.  Christie 
Mabel  Hepp  Coombs 
Alvah  Putnam  Conklin 
Neill  Cornwall 
Percy  Lee  Crane 
Andrew  M.  Davis,  Jr. 
Agnes  Elizabeth  Dunn 
Martha  Elizabeth  Gibbs 


James  Stuart  Jolly 
George  T.  Judd 
David  R.  Kilduff 
C.  Arthur  Kronquist 
W.  Eric  Lawson 
Maria  H.  Lindberg 
Eugenia  Mary  McCabe 
Mary  Emily  McCurdy 
Grace  Lillian  Meylert 
Harold  Davison  Miller 
Richard  P.  Minor 
Gustav  Albert  Moller 
Elsa  Thayer  Morrow 
Helen  Browning  Murphy 
Brevard   Sinclair 


leo 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Theodore  Grady,  Jr. 
Emily  Ruth  Griffith 
Rene  Guillou 
Marjory  Virginia  Parker 
Robert  Pendergast 
Nellie  Enjrrig  Petterson 
Edith  Henrietta  Phillips 
Paul  Pond 
Robert  S.  Randall 
Hazel  Winifred  Ray 
Stanley  Rapp 
Eleanore  G.  Rogers 
Ruth  L.  Schaeffer 
Louis  Harker 
Henrv  W.  Harlowe 
LeRoy  Phillip  Hunt 
Vera  Marie  Howard 


William  Powell  Smidt 
Kate  Smith 
Edwin  S.  Thomas 
William  Richard  Tregea 
Heralda  Palma  Tyng 
Bessie  H.  Wescott 
Marjorie  Lottice  Wiggin 
John  Abeel  Williamson 
Edna  B.  Wilson 
Gladstone  Wilson 
May  L.  Searls 
Bernice  Shaw 
Letitia  Sheperd 
Alice  M.  Sherfey 
George  Dwight  Wood 
Ella  E.  Wright 
Leona  Esther  Young 


Two  Year  Commercial  Course 

Hilma  B.  Anderson  Agnes  E.  Young 

Laura  E.  More 

June,  1911 


Sophia  Elizabeth  Aden 
Ray  Marston  Allen 
Florence  Lucy  Andruss 
Arthur  Bruce  Anthony 
Stanley  Morris  Arndt 
Lansing  Bliss  Bailey 
Virginia  E.  Ballaseyus 
Beatrice  Marie  Bentley 
Charles  S.  Bisson 
Carl  F.  Biedenbach 
Alex  G.  Black 
Mary  Marguerite  Boone 
Ellen  G.  Briggs 
Isabella  C.   Brown 
Phoebe  Bunker 
Ainslie  D.  Campbell 
Alleen  Clark 
William  Claypool,  Jr. 
Belcher  Cooley 
John  Corgiat,  Jr. 
Margaret  Mary  Crosby 
Mary  Crosby 
Harold  Crew 
Helen  Cummins 
Lf'ona  Kf'therine  Dam 
Mareuerite  Darch 
Harry  Allen  Dobbs 
Helen  Margaret  Doyle 


Stella  G.  Gordon 
Florence  Lillian  Greig 
Herbert  Hardy 
Laurence  Emerson  Haseltine 
Helen  Phyllis  Haver 
Gertrude  Hawley 
Wendell    Townsend    Hender- 
son 
Carlon  K.  Hills 
Harold  H.  Hitchcock 
Irene  Belle  Hoxsey 
Louise  Winifrede  Houtz 
Ralph  Edwin  Hoyt 
Joseph  E.  Jacobson 
Elizabeth  Johnson 
Mabel  M.  Jones 
Jook  Hing  Jue 
Carrol  Lyon  KauflFman 
Hazel  Fern  Keim 
Lily  A.  Kelsey 
Clinton  D.  Kimberlin 
Irma  Helena  Klaus 
Fred  G.  Knoop 
Ruby  Ethel  Lamb 
Blanche  D.  Latta 
Alma  Eugenia  Lauritzen 
Marjorie  Lenfestey 
Myrtle  M.  Lovdal 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


161 


Victor  H.  Doyle 
Lulu  Mae  Draper 
James  C.  Dyer 
Wilson  D.  Ellis 
John  A.  Evans 
Stella  Belle  Fish 
Alice  Freuler 
Charles  Vivian  Gay 
George  Edward  Geary 
Henry  Oliver  Geary 
Lucie  Matignon 
John  A.  McDonald 
Forrest  L.  McMains 
Colis  Mitchum 
Clara  Estelle  Mortenson 
Earl  Hatley  Myera 
Percy  Joseph  Neal 
Elmer  M.  Nelson 
Frances  Isabel  Norton 
Charlotte  Margaret  Owens 
Elizabeth   Page 
Earl  T.  Parrish 
Hazel  Alice  Pfitzer 
Edna  May  Rankins 
Caroline  A.  Hehfisch 
Mamie  Lois  Richardson 
Howard  Hyde  Roberts 
Catherine   Broughton   Robin 

son 
Gabriel  Roletti 
Robert  Noel  Rushforth 
Victor  Sandner 
Geraldine  Sartain 
Elizabeth  Frances  Schilling 
Rosabelle  Gibson  Scott 
Alice  Marie  Glavinovich 
Elizabeth  Glenn 


Lydia  Lindsay  Love 
Esson  Florence  Low 
Ming  Sear  Lowe 
Jessie  Adele  Luke 
Thomas  Gordon  Luke 
Mary  Eleanor  Mackenzie 
Vesta  H.  Maestrettis 
Bruce  Marquand 
Elsa  Marston 
Elizabeth  Schulze 
John  Walter  Scott 
Frank  Charles  Shallenberger 
Eulalie  Shannon 
Evelyn  Editha  Slater 
Eunice  Dean  Steele 
Oswald  Speir,  Jr. 
Richard  S.  Stephens 
Lucy  E.  Sterne 
Ruth  Levilla  Stone 
Eugene  K.  Sturgis 
Mary  Helen  Sznyter 
Ella  Martin  Taylor 
Milton  Everett  Taylor 
Gladys  Isabel  Thayer 
Hertha  Todd 
Elizabeth  H.  Trevethan 
Miriam  Olive  Tufts 
-Raymond  L.  Underwood 
Cora  Viola  Wampfler 
Irving  Warner 
Margaret  G.  Weeks 
Maurice  Weiss 

Florence  Evangeline  Whitten 
Helen  D.  Winfree 
Lois  May  Woods 
Michael  Leonard  Woods 


Two  Year  Special  Commercial  Course 


Daisy  L.  Meikle 
Marguerite  R.  Beebe 
Mildred  Janet  Beebe 
Josephine  Grace  Chan 
Bertha  Marjorie  Seidel 
Mabel  Skaale 
Sarah  Javete 

December,  1911 
Alice  Amiot  Vera  Louise  Mentz 

Doris  Bank  Kathryn  Jane  Mills 

Clarence  Walter  Beebe  Helen  M.  Moore 


Helen  L.  Rowe 
Walter  W.  Bein 
Agnes  Blacker 
Vincent  E.  Duffey 
Evarista  Agnes  Faxon 
Florence  Berciece  Ozouf 


162 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Barbara  Ellen  Beebe 
Frances  Boelen 
Inice  Ermine  Button 
Joseph  A.  Chalmers 
AdeUa  Mary  Chase 
Stephen  Albert  Corgiat 
Vanda  Ninette  Cooper 
Pauline  Henriette  De  Neuf 
Morse  Erskine 
Afrnes  Marie  Flinn 
Harry  Geiken 
Eleanor  Clare  Goss 
Edna  Lucile  Gott 
Harold  Lee  Graham 
Jesse  Kersey  Griffiths 
Frances  H.  Hanna 
Gladys  Marjraret  Hirst 
Herman  L  Holmes 
Edwin  A.  Humann 
Richard  Foote  Ingram 
Einar  William  Jacobsen 
Spencer  Fay  Jones 
Kemball  C.  Kaufman 
Florence  Kelsey 
Judson  Erwin  Krueger 
Helen  Lyle 
Willis  LjTich 
Otis  R.  Marston 
Herbert  H.  Blake 
Catherine  Gertrude  Bowers 
James  M.  Casey 
Florence  E.  Creagmile 
Leslie  Deacon 
Eleanore  M.  Deming 
Erik  Arvid  Erikson 


Ella  M.  Anderson 
Beatrice  Averill 
Ii-ving  H.  Banker 
Norma  A.  Barbee 
Louise  Edith  Bauml 
Jeanette  Bellman 
Richard  Bertovalli 
Mildred  Irene  Bowen 
Ella  Boucher 
Dorothy  Brooks 
Clifton  Brown 
Phyllis  Brown 
Betty  Bruckman 


May, 


Anna  Elizabeth  Nowell 
Grace  Partridge 
Dixon  Partsch 
Docia  I.  Patchett 
Agnes  S.   Pearson 
Harold  Vernon  Reynolds 
Selwyn  Aubrey  Robinson 
Lloyd  L.  Root 
Howard  A.  Salisbury 
Louisa  Santos 
Cyi'il  Sinclair 
Mary  Boon  Sorell 
Marion  Alice  Sorrell 
Edmund  Hathaway  Stillman 
Myra  I.  Streightif 
Marguaretha  P.  Surrmondt 
Edna  May  Taber 
Adelaide  Elizabeth  Thomas 
Kenneth  Beverly  Thomson 
Genevieve  Townsend 
Omer  Van  Haren 
Kenneth  C.  Watson 
Lillian  May  Wells 
Bert  West 
Charles  D.  White 
Harold  E.  Woodworth 
Lorena  M.  Wright 
Rose  Jane  Young 
Ruby  E.  Jacobson 
Alfred  R.  O'Farrell 
Diulinda  Santos 
W.  Alexander  Sellman 
Edith  H.  Siler 
Forrest  Kendall  Tregea 
John  William  Wendering 

1912 
Frances  C.  Jones 
Hazel  Madelaine  Katzenbach 
Earle  F.  Kaufman 
Gladys  Koch 
Stuart  Frederic  Lane 
Frances  Leah  Lansing 
Helen  Lawton 
Robert  Mack  Light 
Reginald  Heber  Linforth 
Robert  L.  Lipman 
Ruth  Ethel  Logan 
Wilber  D.  Lowry 
Ruth  Malloch 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


163 


Sherman  Kennedy  Burke 
Blanford  C.  Burgess 
Cora  Helene  Burnett 
Evelyn  Burrill 
Fern  F.  Carkner 
George  L.  Carleton 
Marjorie  Susan  Carlton 
Florence  Carroll 
Josephine  Grace  Chan 
Ina  Wilma  Cherry 
Lizzie  Lois  Chilcote 
Ray  Clayton 
Mariza  Ellen  Clow 
Pearne  Congdon 
John  Henry  Cordes 
Mabel  J.  Corkhill 
Vernon  W.  Craig 
Frank  Crane 
Daryl  Dean  Davis 
Elbert  Willard  Davis 
Helen  Margaret  DeKay 
Lillian  Denham 
Lois  Margaret  Denman 
John  Wallace  Dodge 
Grace  Margaret  Doyle 
Dixie  Lee  Driver 
Lawrence  J.  Eade 
Alice  Clyde  Ellis 
Elois  Felicia  Elden 
Lois  Marie  File 
Joseph  L.  Findlay 
Kathryn  Findley 
Grace  Mary  Findley 
Corrinne  Z.  Fiselbrand 
Gilbert  Forrest  Foote 
Charles  V.  Foulds 
.John  Macy  Foy,  Jr. 
Arthur  C.  Frederickson 
Ruth  Emilie  French 
Aloyse  D.  Furlong 
Elizabeth  Gaw 
Daniel  Fort  Gibbs 
Eloise  Hope  Gibbs 
Joseph  Henry  Gilpin 
Maurice  M.  Glazer 
Sadie  A.  Gluckman 
Barbara  H.  Greene 
Kenneth  A.  Hayes 
Leslie  Louise  Hayes 
Edwin  Robert  Hardy 


Robert  Otis  Maxwell 
Carol  Dorthea  Maul 
Lapsley  Ray  McAfee 
William  Leslie  McCabe 
Millard  E.  McCollam 
Josephine  Miller 
Ruth  Amy  Munro 
Edna  Adele  Murphy 
Willis  R.  Montgomery 
Leona  Reta  Noe 
Leona  Elvesta  Oberg 
Willis  Frederick  Ostrander 
Ysabel  Patton 
Janet  Kendall  Pearson 
Alma  Pease 
Ruth  Perry 

Margaret  Viorene  Perry 
Frances  Peterson 
Oscar  E.  Phillips 
Mildred  Elizabeth  Piatt 
Dorothy  Nell  Porter 
Theodore  L.  Preble 
Charles  W.  Reames 
Harold  Risden 
Aimee  Gladys  Roadhouse 
John  Talmage  Robbins 
Charles  Frederic  Royce,  Jr. 
Fern  L.  Russell 
Irma  Estelle  Russell 
Hubert  W.  Sandner 
Carl   Sebastian 
Raymond  L.  Shearman 
John  Douglas  Short 
Florence  Small 
Jacqueline  Elizabeth  Smith 
Ruth  Almede  Smith 
Beatrice  Snedigar 
Eldridge  T.  Spencer 
Helen  Sittig 
Robert  Mills  Stevenson 
Helen  Stone 
Helen  Strite 
Norman  B.  Stern 
Evelvn  Edwards  Thomas 
William  Robert  Turpin 
Arthur  Wagner 
Clive  Arden  Walker 
Murrell  C.  Wan-en 
Edward  R.  Watkins 
Henry  R.  Weber 


164 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Mar},'aret  C.  Hartwell  Martha  A.  Weber 

Helen  Lucile  Henry  Jackson  L.  Webster 

Marjruerite  Elise  Hendy  Frank  R.  Wehe 

Marguerite  Evangel  Henrich  Frances  Maude  Welch 


George  P.  Hoffman 
Harry  Cecil  Hogan 
Elanore  Marian  Holland 
Henry  Temple  Howard 
Ora  Howard 
Kathryn   Hubbard 
Lester  Hurd 
John  Ray  Hutton 
Marjorie  Hyland 
Grace  Jackson 
Blanche  E.  Jensen 


Arthur  A.  Wendering 
Florence  E.  Wheeler 
Mildred  H.  White 
Helen  M.  Williams 
Jean  Myrtle  M.  Williamson 
Elsie  Pauline  Wilson 
Alice  Wooley 
Maud  P.  Woolmington 
Helen  M.  Wright 
William  H.  Wright 
Helen  F.  Zelt 


Bertha  Jewett 

Two  Year  Commercial  Course. 

Hugo  M.  Ahlgren  Adelle  Florence  Parker 

Edwin  W.  Genberg 

December,  1912 


Camille  Leonie  Abbay 
La  Salle  Banker 
William  P.  Beall 
Charles  Coleman  Berwick 
Grace  Gertrude  Burris 
Percy  Thomas  Clopton 
Helen  Conger 
Margaret  Davis 
Blanche  Etta  Douglas 
Roland  Bradford  Dygert 
Edith  Helen  Eustice 
Charlotte  Faron 
Marjorie  Flynn 
Sydney  E.  Fraser 
Harry  Earl  Frisbie 
Dorothy  Ida  Fuller 
William  Hendri'^kson  Gibbs 
Mary  Clarissa  Gilbert 
John  Robert  Graff 
Heloise  Mazie  Grimmon 
Locke  Thomas  Harper 
Helen  Pond  Harrison 
William  Stewart  Haven 
Gertrude  Rose  Haws 
Frank  LeRov  Hill 
George  Rollin  Hippard,  Jr. 
Phyllis  M.  Hoffman 
Ruth  Wanell  Holland 
Gertrude  Elizabeth  Hunt 


Will  Kretsinger 
Anna  Louise  Laddish 
Gertrude  M.  Lansing 
Elsie  C.  Liddell 
William  Holmes  Livingston 
Wallace  G.  Macgregor 
Katharina  S.  M.  Martin 
David  Robert  Merrill 
Raymond  Ashton  Mitchell 
Harry  Eldridge  Peet 
Myron  Dwight  Penfield 
Bessie  A.  Perrin 
Wiley  Anna  Ross 
Reginald  Bryant  Rule 
Karl  Howard  Schilling 
Laurence  H.  Steinegger 
Rose  Emirett  Stone 
Henry  Treadwell  Sutherland 
Pierre  Penton  Taylor 
Anna  Mabel  Thomas 
Herbert  Russell  Vilas 
Edna  Katherine  Von  Hagen 
Ethel  Carolyn  Wall 
Marion  Cumi  Waltz 
Ethel  Jane  Watson 
Clarke  Elmer  Wayland 
Dora  Cicien  Whitten 
Gertrude  Nancy  Whitton 
Russell  Wilkes 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


165 


Helen  Clare  Hutton  Elizabeth  Louise  Witter 

George  S.   Iki  Willis  Guy  Witter 

Hjalmar  Anton  Ilmanen  Frances  Dolores  Young 
Byron  Lewin  Johnston 

Commercial  Certificates. 

Alice  Gordon  Brigden  Helen  Irene  Lyons 

Jennie  Gordon  Edna  Helen  Simmons 

Helen  Anna  Hanson  Oscar  Leonard  Texdahl 


June 
Ezra  Truman  Albright 
Irving  William  Alexander 
Elvah  Myrtle  Ames 
Rosabelle  Ames 
Arthur  Roy  Anderson 
Clarence  Peter  Andreason 
Ruth  Laura  Annis 
Thelma  Wolcott  Anthony 
Tillie  Phyllis  Appleton 
Constance  Edna  Ardley 
Vida  Virginia  Armor 
Phyllida  Ashley 
Miriam  Neil  Babbitt 
Helen  Trezeler  Baer 
Angele  Harriet  Bailey 
Anna  Frances  Barrows 
Elinor  Blake 
Robert  Blake 

DoUie  Vera  Luella  Bodette 
Bradford  W.  Bosley 
Dorothy  Isabelle  Boyd 
Dorris  Bradley 
Edith  Emma  Brown 
Wilson  John  Brown 
Ruth  Brunton 
Barbara  Burke 
John  Burns 
Kenneth  L.  Cadwell 
Mildred  Marie  Campbell 
Ernest  BoUd  Camper 
Oliver  Carlson 
Grace  Carson 
Inez  Louisa  Carver 
Bae  Chalmers 
Gordon  Kimball  Chapman 
Wayne  Chester  Chapman 
Sarah  My  Jin  Ching 
Paul  Wellington  Clark 
Robert  Campbell  Clark 
William  Thomas  Clow 


,  1913 

Earle  Parker  Lathrap 
Charles  Bonner  Lindsay 
George  Moore  Lindsay 
Alan  David  MacBoyle 
Ernest  M.  MacDonald 
Julian  James  Mackie 
Charles  Edward  Marquis 
June  Esther  Martin 
Roland  Harmon  Martin 
Lewin  Wethered  Martinez 
Raymond  Wright  Maxwell 
Coe  Elizabeth  McCabe 
Albert  Thomas  McCord 
George  McCutchen 
Jay  Willis  McElroy 
Doris  Elizabeth  McEntyre 
James  Elden  McFarland 
Edith  Charlotte  McKay 
Connell  Chisholm  McRae 
Winonne  Middlehoff 
Annie  Jane  Miller 
Richard  Gladwin  Monges 
Elbert  Edison   Monro 
James  Duncan  Montgomery 
Mary  E.  Moore 
Armena  Louise  Morse 
Earle  Hamilton  Morton 
Marguerite  Nichols 
Alice  Carlena  Noble 
Warren  Dexter  Norton 
Shirlie  Arlene  O'Banion 
Gladys  Blackmar  Partridge 
Marguerite  Lincoln  Patterson 
Metta  Pease 
Harriet  Pearson 
Myron  Dwight  Penfield 
Dorothy  Elizabeth  Persons 
Elizabeth  Philps 
John  Fuller  Phelps 
Edwin  Sprague  Pillsbury 


166 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Lloyd  Wilbur  Coleman 
Ruth  Anne  Collins 
Norma  Loraine  Connor 
Lillie  Freeman  Cook 
Marparet  Denton  Cornwall 
Anne  Cremers 
Carolyn   Cremers 
Mary  Marguerite  Davis 
Robert  Nelson  Donaldson 
Joseph  Donald  Dunn 
Arthur  Nelson  Earll 
Edwin  Madison  Elam,  Jr. 
Rachel  Elder 
Clarence  James  Felt 
Ruth  Marion  Ferguson 
Arthur  Fitzgerald 
Henry  Abraham  Frye 
Bertha  Galloway 
James  Ewing  Gardner 
Ralph  Evander  Goodsell 
Ruth  Emma  Goodsell 
Dwight  Kiddell  Grady 
Harold  Tirey  Grinstead 
Alvin  Sargent  Hambly 
Arthur  Cobb  Hardy 
Susie  M.  Harms 
Harriet  May  Harrison 
Elsa  Frances  Hawkins 
Floyd  Horace  Haynes 
Vernon  Edgar  Hendershot 
Herbert  Harold  Hiestand 
Alberta  Hodges 
Jean  Adelaide  Hoeck 
Aileen  Helen  Hogan 
Russell  Graham  Holabird 
Inez  Martha  Holland 
Aila  Bernice  Holm 
Edith  Caroline  Horstman 
Mercedes  Howell 
Merriam  Josenh  Howells 
Edith  Maude  Huddart 
Edith  Nichols  Hull 
Homer  Hunt 

Edwin  Barratt  Huskinson 
Charles  Edward  Hussey 
Mildred  Jessup 
Elsie  Jones 
Cora  Flovd  Keeler 
Alda  Belle  Kelsey 


Gertrude  Elizabeth  Plutti 
Joaquin  Belza  Ramirez 
Bernice  Onida  Ranker 
rheophila  Raspiller 
Irene  Penrose  Rickard 
Clayton  Arthur  Ristenpart 
William  McDonald  Roach 
Christian  Valentine  Ruedi 
Winifred  Olive  Rumsey 
Augustus  Victor  Saph 
Irene  Sebastian 
Fagan  Hull  Simonton 
Benjamin  Franklin  Sisson 
Minnie  Mae  Sisson 
Amrah  Dinwiddle  Smith 
Robert  Lacy  Smyth 
Margaret  Eugenie  Spring 
Elfredida  Steindorff 
Beatrice  Eve   Stephens 
Halley  Earnest  Stephenson 
Belle  Stewart 
Charlotte  Cope  Stockird 
Chester  Chittick  Stutt 
Aileen  Lenore  Sullivan 
Emily  Grace  Sutcliffe 
George  Charles  Sutton 
Charles  Aldrich  Sweet 
Frances  Comba  Sweezey 
Myrtle  Grace  Taylor 
William  Hill  Thomas 
Madalene  Thompson 
Florence  Ethel  Torrey 
Marjorie  Ellen  Tuft 
Florence  Emma  Underwood 
Edward  Autrey  Valentine 
Evelyn  Katherine  Varley 
Ralph  Augustus  Vilas 
Sydney  Archibald  Vincent 
Rosslet  Alice  Wallace 
Irma  Margaret  Wann 
Percy  H.  Ward 
Arthur  LaFayette  Warren 
Hazel  Adeleen  Warren 
Dorothy  Elizabeth  Wetmore 
George  White 
George  Anderson  Williams 
Lemoine  Williams 
Frederick  Stephen  Wilmans 
Newton  Brice  Wisecarver 
Alfred  Vem  Wood 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


167 


Inez  Keough 
Hanna  Kinell 
Esther  Kittredge 
Hyldred  Graham  Knapp 
Edna  Louise  Koester 
Ruth  Raymond  Lange 

Commercial 


Dorothy  Wood 
Rowell   Wood 
Wethered  Woodworth 
Elwood  Wellman  Wright 
Fannie  Emma  Young 
Russell  Lawhead  Young 
Certificate. 


Helen  Zola  Banta 
Eleanor  Benedek 
Helen  Bergfried 
Carlton  Foster  Bond 
Blair  Howard  Bonner 
Florence  Born 
Leonette  Brin 
Donald  Cline  Bull 
Joachim  Henry  Burmeister 
Wilma  Grace  Bush 
Fuller  Clarkson 
Aileeii  May  Coombs 
Ethel  Leona  Crocker 
George  Magee  Cunningham 
Jennie  Curry 
Georgia  Beryl  Daugherty 
Helen  Margaret  Davis 
Mary  Carmichael  Downie 
Benjamin  Franklin  Edwards 


Marguerite  Edith  Nickel 
December,  1913 

Joseph  Gwynne  Marvin 
Katharine  Mason 
Frederic  Bay  McCormac 
Melva  Ruth  Moore 
Dorothy  Poland  Morris 
Harold  Eugene  Mosher 
Flora  DeNance  Muir 
Madeline  Muldoon 
William  Wallace  Murray 
George  Willis  Murray,  Jr. 
Clifford  Talmadge  Orear 
Gladys  Cooper  Page 
Frank  Pape 
Romeo  Paroni 
Eleanor  Grace  Pinkerton 
Genevieve  Margaret  Rahill 
Paul  Newman  Rawlins 
Donald  Kenneth  Edgar  Ric- 
kard 


Joseph  George  Enzensperger,Martha  H.  Robinson 


Jr. 

Norma  Frances  Finney 
Catharine  Mills  Flinn 
Ruth  Ada  Gardner 
Earle  Levering  Garrison 
Hervey  King  Graham 
Bernard  Andrews  Guy 
Joseph  Alden  Harville 
Clifford  Frank  Hawkins 
Verna  Maude  Himes 
John  Herman  Hoffman 


Carl  J.  Rolph,  Jr. 
Vladimir  Roteler 
Jessie  Aileen  Rowlands 
Mary  Jane  Sanderson 
Gertrude  Agnes  Schieck 
Edmund  Wilson  Searby 
Cyril  Thomas  Simard 
Violet  Rosalie  Slade 
Hazel  Helen  Snow 
Eldon  Battles  Spofford 
Helen  Clara  Stewart 


Margaret  Wilson  Honeywell  Viola  Edna  Studer 


Susan  Marin  Jameson 
Perry  Joseph  Johnson 
Harold  Fowler  Jones 
Phoebe  Clare  Kelly 
Mabel  Henrietta  Kelman 
Harold  Wadsworth  Kidwell 
Thomas  Tsok  Wing  Lee 
Hester  Geraldine  Lester 


Leo  C.  Trueblood 
Raymond  Truman 
Alice  Louise  Van  Mater 
Percy  Robert  Welch 
Gertrude  Ethel  Wells 
George  Herbert  Wheeler 
Ruth  Irma  Wheeler 
Clara  Frances  Wight 


16S 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Oscar  Joseph  Lewis  Earl    Delano  Williams 

William  Harvey  Livingston     Thomas  Lawrence  Williams 
Commercial   Certificate 
Sydney   Wilfrid  Miller 
June,  1914 
Carl  Frederic  Adam,  Jr.         Mildred  Ethlynne  Madison 


DeEsta  Margaret  Allen 
Edward  McKean  Atchison 
Helen  Margaret  Ayres 
Victoria  Worley  Bailie 
Emilie  Elizabeth  Basye 
Gladys  Dorothy  Basye 
Vera  Lorraine  Bicknell 
Philip  Frederick  Biehl 
Rachel  Etta  Bishop 
Antoinette  Boies 
Royles  Malcolm  Botsford 
Donald  Ellsworth  Bourne 
Mildred  Janet  Bourne 
Alice  Bradley 
Laura  Jane  Briggs 
Mabel  Brin 
Russie  May  Brown 
Agnes  Jean  Bryant 


Elizabeth  Frede'ricka  Burket  Ida  Muller 


Vera  Marston 

Ransdell  Matthews 

Edgar  Mayo 

Merwin  McCabe 

Regina  Penelope  McEntyre 

John  Ritchie  McKee 

Arthur  Lawrence  McLean 

Edith  Marion  McLenegan 

Madeline  Vada  McMahon 

Faye  Dickinson  Miller 

Hobart  Miller 

Marc  Frederick  Miller 

Thelma  Mae  Miller 

Vera  Virginia  Mitchell 

Alberto  Octavio  Montijo 

Everett  Gillis  Morgan 

Ruth  Morrish 

Scully  William  Muldoon 


Casler  Moore  Burton 

Arthur  Thomas  Callahan 

Muriel  Margaret  Cameron 

Dorothy  Eveland  Carter 

Lorene  Eugenie  Carver 

Robert  Wallace  Chalmers 

James  Forrest  Cobb,  Jr. 

Donald  Bennallack  Collins 

Corena  Emogene  Daugherty  Lucile  Meredith  Parr 

Florence  Mary  Denham  George  Parrish 

Andrew  Ormsby  Donogh,  Jr.  Martha  Briggs  Person 

Ralph  Burgess  Doughty  Josephine  Ellis  Phillips 

lone  Lillian  Margarete  Dres-Hazel  Dot  Pocok 


Howard  Murphy 
Albert  Walfred  Nelson 
Marguerite  Edith  Nickel 
May  Elizabeth  Norton 
Francis  Warren  Nunen- 

macher 
Lloyd  Herbert  Offield 
Owen  Meredith  Paine 


den 
Muriel  Drury 
Juliet  Panora  Durney 
Albert  Hiatt  Dutton 
Edna  Ruth  Dyer 
Azel  Edwin  Erikson 
Ivyn  Irving  Farwell 
Winifred  .Jeanette  Ferris 
Willie  Caines  Fisher 
Rachel  Avis  Fitch 
Dorothy  Flynn 


Ethel  Belle  Powell 
Eva  Smith  Pressley 
Carl  Davidson  Price 
Janet  Ethel  Pushie 
Marion  Edith  Rahill 
Hanna  Rahtjen 
Myrtle  Ranlett 
Helen  Chase  Reed 
Maude  Mildred  Replogle 
Fred  Reuben  Richardson 
Agnes  Roddy  Robb 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


169 


Mary  Margaret  Cecelia  FoleyRonald  Squire  Robinson 
Florence  Lillian  Foot  Evangeline  Marie  Rocha 

Ruth  Wade  Foster  Ethel  Lucile  Rudolph 

Wilbur  Mark  Madison  Fow-Alice  Arthureta  Sanderson 


den 
Delmar  James  Frazier 
Mindella  Harriet  Friedman 
Ruth  Marjorie  Frohliger 
Ruth  Elizabeth  Gassaway 
Jeannette  Natalie  Gay 
Elsie  Eva  Geary 


Marion  Taber  Sanderson 
Virginia  Somes  Sanderson 
Leslie  Bernard  Schlingheyde 
Ernest  Schulze 
Lois  Edna  Shafer 
Margaret  Gwendolyn  Shaw 
Elsie  Mae  Sinnock 


Winifred  Margaret  Godfrey  Emma  Skaale 


John  William  Good 
John  James  Gordon 
Irene  Lillian  Goudey 
Gladys  Griffin 
Frank  Gustavson,  Jr. 
Joseph  Hale 

Helen  Josephine  Hambly 
Margaret  Hansen 
Harvey  Hardison 
Hazel  Russell  Heard 
Helen  Dorothy  Heiser 
Clifford  Farley  Henderson 
Earl  Hamilton  Hiller 
Katherine  Maybelle  Hitch- 
cock 
Irvine  Wilson  Hollister 
Earl  Leigh  Holman 
Norma  Christine  Houston 
Josephine  Hoyt 
Bervice  Hubbard 
Marjorie  Huxley 


Queenie  Maude  Smale 
Ruth  Elaine  Smiley 
Helen  Smyth 

Rosamund  Pauline  Soo-Hoo 
Maud  Phillips  Speir 
John  Henry  Spohn,  Jr. 
Saidee   Sutherland 
Harry  Allan  Sproul 
Frank  Rawson  Steele 
Edwyn  French  Steen 
Heber  Spencer  Steen 
Carroll  Vincent  Stein 
Lillian  Steindorff 
Eleanor  Charlotte  Stille 
Lois  Rowena  Stonesifer 
Marjorie  Isabelle  Stuart 
Arnold  Valentine  Stuben- 

rauch,  Jr. 
Earl  Alfred  Sykes 
Harold  Bertram  Symes 
Laurence  Wilson  Taylor 


Madeleine  Gertrude  Jackson  Robert  Ladley  Taylor 


Margaret  Agnes  Jackson 

Edward  Moss  Jaffa 

George   Daryl  Jewett 

Olive  Johnson 

Sabena  Elizabeth  Johnson 

Carrie  Bertha  Jones 

Callie  Jungck 

Arthur  Worcester  Kidder 

Donald  Linn  Kieffer 

Frederick  William  Kiessig 

Margaret  LaBaree 


Harriette  Margaret  Teter 
Howard  Winthrop  Turner 
Susan  Davis  Tuttle 
Irene  Amelda  Van  Kirk 
Helen  Lucile  Vazeille 
Violet  Victoria  Vincent 
James  Paul  Warren 
Margaret  Sutherland  War- 

v^^ick 
Mildred  Alta  Watson 
Gertrude  Watts 
Harriet  Frances  Weil 


Robert  Henry  Landgrebe  

Eliot  Frost  Duncan  Landon  Sol  Iliff  Wenrich 

Cecil  Arthur  Lathrap  Marjorie  Clarke  White 

Winifred  Maude  Lillie  Carl  Walter  Wikander 

Elton  Page  Lincoln  Roy  Oliver  Williams 


170 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Harry  Calvin  Lind 
Caleb  Harold  Lindquist 
Mary  Edith  Lipman 
Mary  Jane  Love 

Commercial  Certificate. 

Marilla  Margaret  Williams 


Allene  Avery  Wilson 
Beatrice  Vesta  Winder 
Catherine  Helene  Woolsey 
Joachim  Eugene  Zander 


December,  1914 


Adelaide  Martin  Adams 
Kathleen  Agnew 
Naomi  Blanche  Aguirre 
Harry  Christie  Aitken 
Jack  Little  Avery 
Marian  L.  Barber 
Albert  Lyman  Beardsley 
Alma  Caroline  Berude 
Marie   Elizabeth   Beukers 
William  Fisher  Brewster 
Joseph  Nightingale  Caine 
Edith  Carlton 
Burton  Kenneth  Carr 
Paul  Clay 

Cecilia  Katherine  Daniels 
Elise  Detrick 
Mildred  Elam 
Winella  Everett 
Isabelle  Fiselbrand 
James  Randall  Eraser 
August  John  Galan 
Harold  Winslow^  Gallison 
Norman  Sterne  Gallison 
Margurettia  Hazel  George 
Hazel  Selby  Glasgow 
Beatrice  Huscroft  Glocker 
Florence  Josephine  Gray 
Gladys  Margarette  Griffin 
Rebecca  West  Hammond 
Matilda  May  Hein 
Marion   Elise  Herrmann 
James  Edward  Holbrook 
Katherine  Holmes 
Maurice  Loyal  Huggins 
Carl  Edson  Jefferson 
Mabel  Irene  Job 
Clarence    Lancelot   Johnson 
Harris  Crozer  Kirk 
Dorothea  Langguth 
Donald  Caroll  Lawton 
Merle  Lillie 


Leon  Ferrer  Lorenzo 
Gertrude  Maxfield 
Allen  Kier  McGrath 
Lulu  McMains 
Walter  Stewart  McManus 
Marie  Miller 
Francis  J.  Moon 
Vera  Frances  Morse 
William  George  Neil 
Mary  Norton  Ord 
Vivian  Costroma  Osborne 
Louis  Earl  Paltenghi 
Ruth  Anna  Pearson 
Vivienne  Deette  Pettit 
Samuel  Albert  Pinkerton 
Bertram  Pierre  Puckett 
Maion  Edith  Rahill 
Hester  Evelyn  Reynolds 
John  Cogswell  Sammi 
Lemuel  Dalton  Sanderson 
Edward   Milo   Seaman,  Jr. 
Kathryn  Martin  Sherwood 
Ethelwynne  Sites 
Harold  Flagler  Smith 
Clay  Hanlin  Sorrick 
Fred  Stephens 
Marion  Margaret  Stewart 
Howard  Lloyd   Sutherland 
Wellington  Treat  Switzer 
Mary  Tudor 
William  Ewing  Waste 
Victor  Llewellyn  Wells,  Jr. 
Dorothy  Wendrich 
Percy  Esmond  Weymouth 
Donald  Gardiner  Wharton 
Helen  Gertrude  White 
George  Frederick  Whitworth 
Stephen  Arthur,  Wight 
Aliene  Wilkes 
Violette  Stitt  Wilson 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


171 


Commercial   Certificates. 

Marion  Evelyn  Carthorne       Gilda  Ada  Esmond 
June,  1915 


Ruth  Averill 
Ella  Cole  Barrows 
Ruth  Dewing  Barry 
Julia  A.  Benjamin 
Irma  Leone  Bennett 
Albert  George  Biehl 
Louise  Emeline  Bigelow 
Myrtle  Constance  Bixby 
Dorothy  Blacker 
Marion  Meredith  Bogle 
Jessie  Caroline  Boles 
Lyman  Grosvenor  BoUes 
Frances  Latham  Bolton 
Margaret  Sara  Bonner 
Mary  Magdalene  Brooks 
Elaine  Violet  Buckland 
Dorothy  Aileen  Calef 
Mabel  Clare  Canavan 
Isidoro  Cereghino 
Caroline  Esther  Chase 
Earle  Graham  Coleman 
Roger  Nugent  Conant 
Kathryn  Cook 
Helen  Frances  Cooley 
Oliver  William  Cordz 
Grace  Cornwall 
Gladys  Mildred  Cowen 
Dorothy  Critzer 
Eleanor  Crofts 
Thomas  Robert  Crosby 
Myra  Anna  Daggett 
Audrey  May  Davies 
Dorothy  Park  Davis 
Mary  Valerie  de  Kay 
Charlotte  M.  Dingley 
May  Dornin 
Clark  Crowell  Dresser 
Frank  Ward  Durgin,  Jr. 
Violet  Garbrella  Eastman 
Vivian  Sophie  Edwards 
Margaret  Chaires  Ellis 
John  Farrell 
Ada  Jewett  Fish 
Edwin  Ashton  Flinn 
James  Anthony  Folger 
Ralph  Aldom  Frost,  Jr. 


Katherine  Amanda  Lord 
Cecilia  Marie  Macdougald 
Louis  William  Macdougald 
Helen  Marr 

Muriel  Erma  McDonald 
Philura  Adelaide  McGovern 
Harold  Ernest  McGowan 
Mabel  Elizabeth  McGrath 
Warren  Thomas  McGrath 
Donald  Graham  McKay 
Dora  McKinlay 
Rommey  Mellen 
George  William  Moore,  Jr. 
Hollis  Edith  Moore 
Gwendolyn  Bishop  Morris 
Raymond  Henry  Muenter 
Dorothy  Munro 
Melvin  Donnel  Murphey 
Helen  Vernette  Myers 
Raymond  Irving  Nevin 
Dorotea  Alicia  Newell 
Elizabeth  May  Nutting 
George  James  O'Brien 
Beatrice  Paine 
Mildred  Palmer 
Edgar  Earle  Parry 
Esther  Patterson 
Virgil  Ansyl  Pausch 
Edward  Philip  Pendleton 
Anna  Helen  Petersen 
Anna  Peterson 
Clara  Poppic 
Fred  Cleave  Potter 
Katherine  Pratt 
Elsie  Vivian  Prosser 
Lee  Julian  Purnell 
James  Clarence  Raphael 
Ruth  Eva  Reynolds 
Alice  Brinley  Rickey 
Lois  Jeanne  Rogers 
Fern   Rolph 
Alice  Hobbs  Sanderson 
Helen  Louise  Schieck 
Clarence  Floyd  Seavy 
Martin  Russell  Sellers 
Pearl  Alberta  Shewman 


1?2 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Katherine  Webb  Gibbs 

Shorman  William  Gibbs 

Orrin  Henry  Gibson 

Lawrence  Leland  Gott 

Donald  Munson  Gregory 

Le  Roy  Walter  Hahn 

Parker  Hall 

Julia  Hannas 

Aura  Delphina  Hardison 

Llewellyn  Gilmore  Haskell 

Eutrenie  Irene  Haynes 

Mary  Wallace  Healy 

Perry  ^I.  Heard 

Lillian  Johanna  Hegerty 

Muriel  Henderson 

Faith  Hewes 

Teresa  Hihn 

Charles  Frances  Honeywell 

Elmer  Knapp  Hood 

Inez  Juanita  Hoover 

Dorothy  Eleanor  Hope 


Esther  Gertrude  Hayles  Sit- 

tig 
Arthur  Mazson  Smith,  Jr. 
Bradford  Bixby  Smith 
Dorothy  Sears  Smith 
Faye  Smith 
Morton  Bailey  Smith 
Marybeth  Stairs 
Carolyn  Steel 
Jack  Lorenz  Stein 
Henriette  Widmer  Steinegger 
John  Archer  Stewart 
Matthew  Williams  Stirling 
Katherine  Stone 
Richard  August  Stumm 
Marion  Sutton 
Anna  Chapin  Sylvester 
John  P.  Symes 
George  Tays 
Carrie  Templeton 
Edward  Vernon  Tenney 


Josephine  Isabelle  Hornung  William  Paul  Thomas 


Berkeley  Howell 

Ethel  Howell 

EfFa  Lois  Hoyt 

Walter  Douglas  Hubbard 

Eugene  Field  Hull 

Marion  Brewster  Jones 

Lester  Murta  Johnson 

Anne  Harriet  Kelsey 

Ruth  Naomi  Kelsey 

Perry  Kittredge 

Albert  John  Reid  Lambert 

Winifred  Joyce  Lee 

Ernest  Samuel  Leslie 

Ethel  Vera  Lightfoot 

John  Floyd  Long 


Frances  Tracy  Thompson 
Velva  Evodene  Thompson 
Lucy  Helen  Vance 
Dolores  Garnett  Waldorf 
Leontine  Edith  Wallace  • 
John  Victor  Wallen 
Victoria  Warwick 
Helen  Wehe 
Gerald  Dixon  Welch 
Glenn  Anthony  Wessels 
Charlotte  Elizabeth  Wilder 
Thornton  Niven  Wilder 
Annabelle  Wood 
Zelma  Lulu  Wyatt 
Robert  Henry  Young 


December,  1915 


Joseph  Copley  Alter 

Winifred  Arbulich 

Grace  Holland  Arlett 

Ward  Dwight  Armstrong 

Pablo  Sonido  Azcueta 

Amy  Linquist 

Alva  Lucas 

Hale  Luff 

Alice  Macgregor 

Alfred  Warren  McClaskey 

Madeline  Becker 


Wallace  Johnstone 
Milton  William  Landgrebe 
Virginia  Lane 
Dorothy  M.  Leary 
Helen  Valeria  Lester 
Beatrice  McClaskey 
Frank  McKechnie 
Grace  Mitchell 
Donald  Lambert  Morris 
Raymond  Morrison 
John  Muldoon,  Jr. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


173 


Carolyn  Jane  Bolles 
Jane  Bonner 
Thomas  Hall  Boyd 
Walter  Brigdon 
Edia  Esther  Broman 
Austin  Adair  Brown 
Bayard  Buckham 
Woodbury  Lee  Bunnell 
Bhupendra  Nath  Bysack 
Haral  Cobb 
Adelaide  Conro 
John  Elliott  Cook 
Myrle  Josephine  Cowan 
Ruth  Emily  Cruess 
Douglas  Denton  Crystal 
Leo  Bernard  Dattlebaum 
Stella  Davis 
Franklin  Bergson  Doyle 
Herbert  Lincoln  Edgar 
Donna  Belle  Ellen 
Charlotte  Jeannette  Froh- 

liger 
Hellen  Lucy  Frye 
Ellen  Margaret  Gall 
George  Henry  Godfrey 
Henry  William  Grady 
May  Agnes  Gruber 
Frank  Hargear 
Lewis  Gregory  Harrier 
Clara  Mabel  Harrington 
Kathleen  Hayden 
William  Dennis  Heafey 
Norman  Heinz 
Edith  May  Hight 
Ethel  Hofmann 
Marjorie  Snow  Hopkins 
Edward  Bright  Hussey,  Jr. 
Douglas  Hutton 
Clarence  Arthur  Jenks 

Commercial  Certificates. 

Alphonse  C.  Anderson  Kenneth  Frantz  Fenton 

Hazel  Gertrude  Atthowe 


Homer  Nichols 
Randolph  Rexford  Nickerson 
Helen  June  Offield 
Eugenie  Roberta  Paine 
Lucile  Eolienne  Paine 
Francis  Corinne  Painter 
Walter  Cecil  Patchett 
Esther  Foster  Pearson 
Stanley  Mitchell  Persons 
Mildred  Spencer  Ponting 
Shirley  Everrett  Porter 
Margaret  Alice  Queen 
Van  Robertson 
Ruth  Robinson 
Priscilla  Evangeline  Rugg 
Martha  Alice  Runckel 
Gerald  Barlow  Schuyler 
Cassius  Elliott  Seaman 
Dean  Goodwin  Searls 
Madeline  Waite  Shaw 
Ruth  Chapman  Sheldon 
Arthur  Herbert  Sinnock 
Esther  Margaret  Stephens 
Fern  Isabel  Stuart 
Wilson  Beighle  Taylor 
Olive  Margaret  Texdahl 
Margaret  Alice  Thaxter 
Katherine  Towle 
Ferdinand  George  Trescher 
Marjory  Tuttle 
Norman  McFarlane  Ure 
Percy  Whitten 
Aletta  Blanche  Wickham 
Orville  Myers  Wight 
Arthur  H.  Wallace  Wilde 
Harold  Edward  Williams 
Olin  Melvin  Wilson 
Carol  Wright 


June,    1916. 


Douglas  Carryl  Aitken 
Helen  Allison 
Feliza   Esther   Alvarez 
Ethel  Ames 
Elinor  Atchison 


Mildred  Margaret  Mac- 
Knight 
Frances  Virginia  Mains 
Rose  Helena  Martin 
Edith  Maud  Maslin 


174 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Lloyd  Austin 

Leola    Marion    Barbiel 

Clara  Barnes 

Roy  Calleau  Bateman 

Erl  Beaman 

Margaret  Dorothy  Beck 

Grace  Georgia  Becker 

Edna  Bisson 

Marion  Louise  Blankinship 

Pauline  Georgia  Borradaile 

Robert  Ezra  Bowen 

Charles  Lee  Boman 

Alfred  Horace  Brown 

Lawrence  Brown 

Thelma  Irene  Brown 

Agnes  Bryant 

Hildreth  Mosher  Caldwell 

Elbridge  Miles  Cantelow 

Etta  Lucille  Cardwell 

Florence  Chalmers 

Monroe  Chappelear 

Alfred  Clement,  Jr. 

Pauline  Estelle  Combs 

Earle  Raymond  Converse 

Raymond  Winter  Cortelyou 

Catharine  Virginia  Cox 

Thorburn  James   Cumber- 
patch 

Rowena  Greenwood  Daugh- 
erty 

Arthur  Ronald  Davies 

George  Davis 

Basil  Robert  Denbigh 

Laura  Estrella  deVeuve 

Ethel  Lois  Dobner 

Dorothy  Dale  Dowdell 

Agnes  Frances  Downing 

Eva  Janet  Dresser 

Bernice  Eardley 

Margaret  Eberts 

Ruth  Ysabelle  Finney 

Marian  Alice  Fisher 

Southard  Tolchard  Flynn 

Paul  Francis 

Cornelia  Harriet  Frick 

Francis  Daniel  Frost,  Jr. 

Carl  Frunk 

Oscar   LeRoy   Garlichs 

Myrtle  Gile 

Joseph  Glazer 


Aileen  Patricia  Mason 

Cecil  Calvert  Mathews 

Harold  Mathews 

Wallace  Taylor  McAfee 

George  Roy  McCord 

Gavien  Floyd  McCuUagh 

Lucille  Myrtle  McDuff 

Edward  Chester  McLaughlin 

Nell  McLaughlin 

Charles  Elwood  Meek 

Gertrude  Meikle 

Dorothy  Dalrymple  Meredith 

Lawrence  Merriam 

Madalyn  Miller 

Marion  Josephine  Mills 

Mary  Belle  Mills 

Myrtle  Mitchell 

William   Douglas   Montgo- 
mery 

Lucy  Moore 

Fearing  Henry  Morris 

Agnes  Young  Morton 

Cecil  Mosbacher 

Hester  Florence  Myers 

Thomas  Warren  Nevin 

Edward  August  Nickel 

Irene  O'Brien 

Irvin  Hope   Orear 

Maxine  Josephine  Oroszco 

Mildred  Bell  Owens 

Leila  Evelyn  Paine 

Burnett  Park 

Jessie  Sutherland  Patton 

Eugene  Robinson  Paul 

Fred  Owen  Pearce 

Helen  Peet 

Violet  Evelyn  Pender 

Philip  Persons 

Ruth  Gilbert  Persons 

Irma  Claire  Pfitzer 

Harriet  Elizabeth  Phillips 

Harold  Hathaway  Plummer, 
Jr. 

Arthur  Elliott  Ponting 

Arthur  Andrew  Priest 

Lillian  Rampendahl 

Winslow  Haskell  Randall 

Beatrice  Capitola  Reynolds 

Claude  Preston  Richard 

Dorothy  Richardson 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


175 


Evelyn    Theresa   Golly 
Lena  May  Gordon 
Paul  Henry  Goss 
Genevieve  Grady 
Inga  Berfr  Gravem 
Frank  Harold  Graves,  Jr. 
Alyce  Mary  Green 
Katharyn  Boyce  Green 
Walter   Geraldson   Griffiths 
Esther  Luelia  Guthrie 
John  Herbert  Walter  Haber- 

kom 
John  Bruce  Hamilton 
Laura  Hanlon 
Orpha  Elvira  Haugen 
Cecil  Jerome  Hawkins 
Edwin  Heinz 
Bonnie  Leota  Himes 
Harold  Kelso  Hirst 
Mervil  Hiscox 
Richard  Hiscox 
Bernice  Mayrie  Hobson 
Gerald    Whitney  Hollings- 

worth 
Mildred  Hollis 
Joseph  Folger  Holmes 
Dorothy  Hopping 
Florence  Euphemia  Horton 
Fred   William  Houston 
Herbert  Sanford  Howard,  Jr 
Placie  Margaret  Howard 
Gladys  Ethel  Humphrey 
Augusta  Hunrick 
Katherine  Amelia  Huseman 
May  Riki  Iki 
Elizabeth  May  Jenks 
John  Herschel  Jessup 
Barbara  Jones 
Edmund  Jussen,  Jr. 
Helen  Anna  Kearney 
Anna  Pauline  Kennedy 
Ralph  Shepard  Kerr 
Ruth  Vivienne  Kidwell 
Ruth  Kinell 

Thomas  Harris  Larke,  Jr. 
Dorothy  Burnett  Lawton 
Wallace  Hilton  Leland 
Lilian  Mary  Liddell 
Frank  Farnsworth   Lind 
Crittenden  A.  Loveland 


Orlo  Albert  Robinson 
Frank  Robison 
Rolla  Hazen  Robison 
Fredericka  Martha  Rossow 
Maynard  Arthur  Rotermund 
Helen  Rust 

Gorham  Dehy  Sanderson 
Helen  Louise  Saylor 
George  Burbridge  Scheer 
Leroy  Schoening 
■Charles  Andrcani  Shaw 
Marie  Antoinette  Siler 
Walter  Louis  Sisson 
Arthur  John  Skaale 
Lucille  May  Slade 
Gaylord  Sterling  Smith 
Elsie  Irene  Smither 
Alice  Virginia  Songey 
Mildred   Taylor  Squired 
Myrtle  Winnefred  Steen 
Abigail  Stevens 
Jennie  Eldred  Strieker 
Lydia  Marie   Svoboda 
Myrtle  Christine  Texdahl 
Hubert  Robert  Thornburgh 
Anita  Lois  Underwood 
Randolph  Van  Nostrand 
Kenneth  Stevens  Van  Strum 
Phillis  Clarissa  Van  Strum 
Bernice   Walker  * 
Lois  Vivian  Walker 
George  Herbert  Warren 
Vincent  H.  Watterick 
Marian  Helen  Weed 
Mabel  Carolyn  Welch 
Margaret  Bethany  Westen- 

berg 
Dorothy  Whiting 
Pauline    Wilkinson 
Higbee  Williams 
Kenneth  Alston  Williams 
Helen  Jenella  Williamson 
Sybil  Rideout  Willis 
Waltham    Rideout    Willis 
Alice  Muirhead  Wilson 
Vera  Lee  Wilson 
Alda  Leora  Wood 
Jonathan  Garrard  Wright 
Paul  Wucher 
Cameron  Ellsworth  Wylie 


176 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Eleanor  Marie  Lux  Russell  Ringo  Yates 

Robert  Dorsey  Maclay  Foon  Tong  Young 

Commercial  Certificates. 
Mabel  Emma  Dustin  Stella  F.  Engquist 

December  15,  1916 


Robert   Foster   Aitken 
Helen  Clark  Arnold 
Clarissa  Edith  Ayer 
Richard  Edward  Ayres 
Alice  Baxley 
Esther  Elaine  Beaman 
Katharine  Alice  Benjamin 
Cecil  Alvin  Best 
Helen  William  Bicknell 
Wynn  Fred  Blaisdell 
Ruth  Walsworth  Bosley 
DeLano  Amasa  Brown 
Alice  Pauline  Brunk 
Mildred  Helen  Buckius 
Albert  Ernest  Bunker 
Mary  Marguerite  Carver 
Thomas  Chalmers 
Charles  Cobb 

Anita  Alexander  Courtney 
Edward  Percival  Coxhead 
Mervyn  King  Crow 
Hilma  Davis 
Galena  Louise  Day 
Charles  Earl 
Robert  Cortlandt  Ellis 
Helen  Marie  Fliege 
Viva  Flower 
Fon  Kew  Gee 
Madeline  Grady 
Helen  Graves 
Edwin  Daniel  Greer 
Wales  Averill  Haas 
Helen  Aphra  Hammond 


Helen  Jane  McCreary 
Norah  McCuIlough 
Marie  Ruth  McDonald 
Merle  Helen  McGrath 
Martin  Cyril  McGuire 
Roy  Marston  McHale 
Ellen  Synphrose  Minall 
Madge  Leona  Muncy 
Frank  Linden  Naylor,  Jr. 
Mildred  Edith  Nichols 
Thomas  Keyser  Oliver 
Elizabeth  Osberne  von  Pfis- 

ter  Oxnam 
Weldon  Manning  Parker 
Alan  Roy  Parrish 
Thomas  Pearson 
Eda  Charlotte  Peterson 
Enid  Irene  Place 
Vere   Violet  Pocock 
Grace  Genevieve  Power 
Ida  Margaret  Preiss 
John  Floyd  Price 
Leslie  Irving  Quick 
Mabel  Elizabeth  Rendahl 
Mary  Frances  Ritson 
Myrtle  Ellen  Rodehaver 
Henry  Wilkins   Rustin 
Robert  McBride  Saylor 
Carl  Milford  Schiller 
Celiz  Alwynne  Scudder 
Dorothy  Winifred  Seabury 
Mildred  Harriet  Simonds 
Ruth   Lorraine   Simpson 


Emerson  Douglas  HarringtonAndrew    Soo-Hoo 
Edith  Adlington  Heywood       Herbert  Allen  Stanton 
Harold  Benjamin  Hobson 


Andrew  Albert  Hogan 
Mary  Eleanor  Hughes 
Vivian  Anna  Hurst 
Hilda  Dangny  Hvall 
Kaehakoni  Emily  Ingham 
Minnie  Milimili  Ingham 
Helen  Courtenay  Ingram 
Ruth  Fanchon  Jackson 


Margaret  Lillian  Stein 
Dorothy  Kent  Stemm 
Edna  Catherine  Stephens 
Ruth  Caroline  Stevenson 
Beatrice  May  St.  John 
Muriel  Helen  Storms 
May  Sutcliffe 
Lois  Elizabeth  Uren 
Joseph  von  Ende 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


177 


Alfredo  Samson  Jose 
Helen   Grace   Keith 
George  Powers  Kelsey,  Jr. 
Russell  Allen  Kern 
William  Hugh-Ming  Liang 
Lora  Isabelle  Lind 
Eva  Linney 

Harvey  Lawrence  Livingston 
Edward  George  Mahoney 
Florence  Malloch 
Alvin   Clifford   Maybeck 
Edwin  James  McCord 


Gladys  May  Wallace 
Harvey  Klaus  Ward 
Mary  Martha  Watts 
Richard  Grenell  Weeks 
Leicester  Henry  Williams 
Robb  Roy  Young 
Virginia  Cecelia  Young 

Commercial   Certificates. 
Hazel  Isabel  Anderson 
Margaret  Maria  Gloor 
Fred  Henry  Werner 


June 
Beatrice  Anderson 
Ruth  Marie  Arnold 
Janice  Milbrun  Atchison 
Stephen  H.  Babcock,  Jr. 
Constance  Mary  Bachrach 
Jane  Alice  Bachrach 
Thelma  Naomi  Badgley 
Dorothea  Emma  Bannister 
Ralph  Kenneth  Barker 
Margaret  Beatrice   Bean 
Marguerite  Lucy  Bennett 
Katherine   Graydon   Bieden 

bach 
Victor  Allen  Bigelow 
Lola  Lanier  Blankenship 
Howard  Frederick  Bohnet 
Rachel  Isabelle  Bretherton 
Octavine  M.  Buchenery 
Elizabeth  Burke 
Dorothy  Beharrell  Carey 
Albert  T.  Carlisle 
Beth  Cereghino 
John  Foote  Chaddock 
Dwight  W.  Chapman 
Julia  M.  I.  Charnock 
Inez  Irene  Clark 
Lois  M.  Clark 
Naylor  Elmer  Cole 
Martha  June  Coleman 
Elizabeth  Gary  Collins 
Wilda  Alma  Connell 
Edward   Lewis  Culin,  Jr. 
Robert  Kennedy  Cutter 
Ailing  Davis 
Franc  Willard  DeLong 
Sydney   Demarest 


,  1917 

Lawrence  Mah 
Daniel  Stephen  Marovich 
George  Leggett  Marvin 
Wallen  White  Maybeck 
Edna  Frances  Maynes 
Minora   Ellis  McCabe 
Ruey    Marion    McCreary 
Elsie  Theodora  McGovern 
Rolla  R.  McMillin 
Helen  Merrill 
Olive  Louise  Merrill 
Leonore  Morris 
Lois  Elaine  Morris 
Ralph  W.  Mortenson 
Herbert  Charles  Mulvany 
Alma  D.  Newell 
Amy  Jane  Newsom 
Edith  Alvord  Newton 
Ada  Minnie  North 
Ida  Norton 
Edgar  David  O'Brien 
Kelsey  Joseph  Olds 
Carolyn   Annette  Page 
Miriam  Parker 
James  Emmons  Pember- 

ton,  Jr. 
Jeanne  Francoise  Perroset 
Carolyn  Petch 
Ruth  Louisa  Pinkerton 
Marian  Pollard 
Ernestine  Porter 
Frances  Clementine  Pottle 
Marie  Monnette  Preiss 
Evelyn   Gifford   Pullen 
Melba  Louise  Randall 
Cora  Read 


178 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Dorothea  Alice  Easton 
Herbert   Eckley 
Marion  Larimore  Elliott 
Frances  Audrey  Fender 
Charles  D.  Folsom,  Jr. 
Joseph  Alfred  Forsburg 
Arthur  Charles  Foss 
Alfred  Sheldon  Fraga 
Rubv  Irene  Friedman 
Delia  Beverly  Gilbert 
Kathleen  Rowland  Glasgow 
Ruth   Gompertz 
Henry  George  Good 
Donald  Fiske  Grant 
Thomas  Jugo  Gutierrez 
Harry  Bishop  Hambly,  Jr. 
Mildred  Lee  Harkey 
Scott  B.   Harrington 
Verda  Loraine  Harrison 
Mabel  Armstrong  Hays 
Anne    Elizabeth    Hegerty 
Georgia  J.  Herbert 
Frances  Fern  Hicks 
William  Hillman 
Gertrude  Holland 
Abe  Horvitz 

Charles  Houghton  Howard 
Hazel  Irene  Huber 
Helen  Huggins 
Mildred  Huggins 
Georgia  Loraine  Hughes 
Zelda  Olivette  Hulse 
Everard  Hunt 
Ethel  Louise  Irvine 
Otto  J.  Jacobsen 
Susan  Jameyson 
Mabel   Elvera  Johnson 
Octavia   Ruth  Johnson 
Rufus  William  Johnson 
Wallace  Franklin  Kenny 
Neva  Katherine  Kimberlin 
Elsie  E.  Kitzmiller 
Theodore  Temple  Knappen 
Adolph  E.  Koechlin 
Peter  D.  Krstich 
Florence  Ethel  Lang 
Olga  Marie  Larsen 
Cecile  LeConte 
Louis  Julian   LeConte,  Jr. 
Isabel  Norah  Ledyard 


Elsie  Reed 

Essie  Annabelle  Richardson 
Mildred  Mabel  Root 
Athelstane  Kirtland  Sackett 
Robert  David   Salzberger 
Friedeborg  Margaretta  Sam- 

uelson 
Evelyn  Hyde  Sanderson 
Georgia  Sauer 
Charles  Wilbur  Savage,  Jr. 
Alice  May  Schilling 
Hugh  Edward  Schilling 
Dorothy  Emma  Schraut 
Alice  Elizabeth  Searby 
William   McCallum   Seely 
Mildred  Charlotte  Sellars 
Margaret  Ladeane  Shattuck 
Gladys  Claire  Shelley 
Frank  Decker  Siegrist 
Luella  Skidmore 
Gladys  Eloise  Smiley 
Alma  Tangier  Smith 
Anna  Anita  Smith 
Margaret  Wyman  Smith 
Myrta  Holland   Smith 
Reuben  William  Smith 
Lily  Smabelle  Soo-Hoo 
Gladys  Alpha  Stephens 
Erma  Stewart 
Lydia  Hazel  Stewart 
Philip  M.  Stone 
Isabella  Jane  Taylor 
Alice  Louise  Thomas 
Elanor  Tingman 
Emma  Catherine  Tomwye 
Constance  Margaret  Topping 
Ruth  Treadwell 
Ruth  Uren 
Myron  C.  Van  Haren 
Nellie  D.  Van  Benschoten 
Creed  Vazeille 
Estha  Voorhees 
Margaret  Rebecca  Walker 
Ora  Cecil  Watkins 
Ruth  Cornelia  Welch 
Ruth  Ackerly  Westervelt 
Evelyn  Marie  White 
Virginia  Elizabeth  White 
Lucile  Cleaveland  Whiting 
Dorothy  Grace  Willett 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


179 


Constance  E.  Lilley  Louise  Herman  Wolters 

Mervyn  Harbey  Lozier  Mary  Eloise  Woods 

Margaret   Grenngo    Lyman     Davis  Wooley 
Claudia  Agnes  Macdonald      William  Edward  Zander,  Jr. 
Christian  Moller  Madsen 

Commercial    Certificates 
Margaret  Banker  Dewey   Golden   McClaskey 

Leslie  Ray  Head 

December,  1917 


Adah  Margaret  Allen 
Leona  Alberta  Archibald 
Alice  Augusta  Benning 
Grace  Katherine  Beukers 
Marjorie  Gray  Bickley 
Charles  Jonathan   Biddle 
Helen  Bolton 
Gypsy  Bernice  Bowman 
Mary  Alice  Brown 
Edith  Eunice  Bryant 
Bernice  Buhrmeister 
Flora  Marguerite  Burns 
Horace  Button 
Philip  Randall  Calkins 
Salvador   C.   Carbonell 
Frances  Martha  Carson 
Sydney  Austin  Chester 
Webster  Verner  Clark 
Beatrice  Clough 
Lida  Evelyn  Coe 
Sherrill  M.  Conner 
Edith  May  Cook 
Esther  Gott  Crandall 
Galen  Cecil  Darr 
Keith  Ellsworth  Dennison 
Kathryn  Dodge 
Helen  Douglas 
Wallace  Dean  Duffy 
Frank  Hermon  Dunsmore 
Anne  Edgar 
Elmer  Edgar 
Dorothy  May  Ellerhorst 
Sydney  Boutelle  Ellis 
Clay  Dare  Farnsworth 
Merritt  David  Finley 
Daniel  Brooks  Fisher 
Annabelle  Gaw 
Josephine  Klein  Gibbs 
Edward  Graff 
Ruth  Alice  Greer 


Marion  Juliet  Hunt 
Helen   Kahinu   Ingham 
Leslie  William  Ingram 
Harry  Andrew  Jackson,  Jr. 
Aileen  Raby  Jaffa 
Donald  D.  Johnson 
Walter  Johnson 
Martha  Justice 
Milton    Clair   Kennedy 
Mary  Alberta  Kirk 
Mildred  Laird 
John  Herbert  Leisure 
Marjorie  Elizabeth  LeMay 
Arthur  Cecil  Lewis 
Eleanor  Harriet  Livingston 
Mansfield  Lovell,  Jr. 
Frances  McHenry 
Phyllis  Merrill  Mcintosh 
Maybelle  Jean  Meece 
Theodore  Merrill 
Alice  Katherine  Miller 
Beatrice  Romayne  Miller 
Charlotte  Evelyn  Miller 
Howard  Owen  Moore 
Richard  C.   Moore 
Frances  DeKay  Morris 
Marian  Myers 
Dorothy  Marie  Palmer 
Karl  W.  Ponsi 
Waldemar  Andrew  Ponsi 
Lawson  Victor  Poss 
Ethel  Genevieve  Quick 
Rolfe  Corne  Rathbone 
Madeline  Robinson 
Naomi  Catherine  Rolfes 
Doris  Eleene  Sawyer 
Weston  Harold  Settlemier 
Josephine   Sevier 
Ida  Aleen   Simpson 
Ruth  Estelle  Sorrick 


180 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


Hall  McAllister  Griffiths 
Miriam  Griffiths 
Margraret    Grimshaw 
Harriet  Geraldine  Guy 
Alfred   Edward  Hall 
Josephine  Helen  Halverson 
Hannah  Muriel  Harter 
Jeannette  Harter 
Marvin  Perry  Hays 
Freda  Heilemann 
Revere  Ulrich  Hofstetter 
William  Horstmann 
Frank  William  Hubbard 

Commercial 
Karen  Inger  Cloos 

May, 
Charles  Robert  Abrams 
Parker  Frederic   Allen 
Donna  Louise  Anderson 
Martha  Viola  Anderson 
Muriel  Marp^aret  Arnold 
John  Hamilton  Ashley 
Mary  Annvonette  Bates 
Adam  Carl  Beyer 
Beatrice  Barbara  Bovo 
Virfjinia  Rose  Boyle 
Esther  May  Brady 
Aupusta  Ufflow  Breed 
Editha  Winifred  BroMm 
Lester  Edw^ard  Browning 
Eleanor  Frances  Calnen 
Donald  A.  Carey 
Rov  Edwin  Chanslor 
Edith  May  Ching 
T.  Dolliver  Church 
Kenneth  Conner 
Roy  M.  Converse 
Luoile  Stewart  Cooper 
Robert  Edwin  Cornish 
Genevieve  La  Verne  Cox 
Harold  W.  Crockett 
Marion  Agnes  Crosbie 
Dick  Tyng  Dang 
Herbert  E.  Daube 
Aletha  Elizabeth  Deitrick 
Fred  H.  Dempster 
Inez  Virginia  Dorsey 
Marjorie  Evelyn  Doyle 
Otis  Peabody  Dyar 


Frederick  Melvin  Stamper 
Arthur  St.  Clair 
Grace  Veronica  Sullivan 
Ethel  Sutton 
Esther  Albertina  Thoren 
Helen  Trevor 
Aida  Wanda  Verdi 
Roy  Milton  Wayland 
Mary  Isabelle  Warwick 
Jean  Mcintosh  Waste 
Kenneth  Lloyd  Williams 
Florine  Claire  Wurkheim 

Certificates. 

Grace  Mary  Dean 
1918 

Livia  La  Baree 
Judith  Elizabeth  Lee 
Arthur  Leonard 
Helen  Lightner 
Volberg  Linnea  Lundberg 
Walter  Maas 
Lula  Raphael  Madison 
Anne  Venice  Marovich 
Martha  Lillian  Matthews 
Robert  McHenry 
Gertrude  Marian  McKain 
Edith  Mary  Meal 
Prasiddhi  Menasvetta 
Willa  May  Middlehoflf 
Faith  Farrington  Milliken 
Catherine  G.  Moore 
John  Paul  Moore 
Clara  Eileen  Murphey 
Elizabeth  Agnes  Murphy 
Marie  Louise  Myers 
Mary  Margaret  Newsom 
Frank  B.  Norton,  Jr. 
Norman  Robert  Olson 
Ralph  K.  Paine 
Louise  Park 
Lyell  Hale  Parker 
George  Harold  Payne 
Morris  B.  Pendleton 
Elsa  Galloway  Peoples 
Eleonore  Ida  Petersen 
Harry  F.  Petersen 
Meta  Theodora  Petersen 
Dorothy  Nell  Redfield 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BERKELEY  SCHOOLS 


181 


Thomas  L.  Edwards 
Mary  Elizabeth   Eyde 
William  Joel  Forman 
Elmer  Arnold  E.  Forsstrom 
Pauline  Pendleton  Gaines 
Carl  Y.  Geiser 
George  Edward  Gilchrist 
Esther   Gustavia   Gilkey 
Wickes  Edward  Glass 
Myrtle  Dales  Glenn 
Viola  Fishbourne  Grady 
LeRoy  Hanscom 


Modest  Oreathial  Richardson 
William   Cyril  Ries 
Theodora  Kathleen  Robertson 
Edwin  Ross 
Henry  Magee  Rossiter 
Scott  Roebuck  Ruby 
Dorothy  Huldah  Sawyer 
Elbert  Ivan   Schiller 
Laurelda  Cecille  Schmidt 
Paula  M.  Schoningh 
Ruth  M.  Scotford 
Mary  Carol  Seabury 


Gertrude  Frances  HarringtonDorothy  Helen   Seaton 


Carlton  A.  Haviland 
Alpheus  George  Haws 
Freda  Carolina  Hein 
Dorothy  Steen  Henderson 
Marjorie  Herrmann 
Abe  L.  Hesselberg 
Marguerite  Irene  Hinds 
Harriett  Louise  Holden 
Agnes  Horton 
Edwin  Douglas  Hosselkus 
James  Alexander  Hurry 
William  Dolman  Inskeep 
Howard  W.  Irwin 
Marguerite    Claire    Irwin 
Sara  Ruth  Jackman 
Robert  W.  Jacque 
Thomas  Russell  Jamieson 
George  Wheeler  Jensen 
Dorothy  Courtier  Keep 
Donald  Kitzmiller 


Anna  Marie  Knoop 

Commercial    Certificate. 

Enid  Estudillo  Beebee 


James  Harding  Sewell 
Lucile  W.  Sleeper 
Charles  Sheridan  Smith 
Donald  Albert  Smith 
Rhea  Lorena  Olivette  Smith 
Frederick  Keagle  Spurrier 
Dorothy  Evelyn  Staats 
Margaret   Stewart 
Walter  Oliver  St.  John 
Ernestine  Kealoha  Taggard 
Mary  Louise   Thatcher 
George   Thomson 
Dorothy  Todd 
Fredron  Wycoff  Uren 
Grace  Uren 
Kiyo  Uyeyama 
Harold  Reynolds  Warner 
Rose  Wise 

Viola  LeRay  Wittner 
Charles  Edward  Woodworth 


<>  6« 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  LOS  ANGELES 

THE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below 


ikUG6    \i^% 
^  It  1850 


JAN  1 9  1967 

EEXTD  LO-LRL 


W^^c  0*^  ^^ 


DMITBItsrrr  of  CAUruE: 

AT 
LOS  ANGELES 


387  379  y 


UCSnilTHFRftjRK;!0';/;'  :  iRn;.n 


AA    000  807  264    i 


J 


^   ^ 


